To elucidate the underlying nature of the hidden order (HO) state in heavy-fermion compound URu(2)Si(2), we measure electrical transport properties of ultraclean crystals in a high field, low ...temperature regime. Unlike previous studies, the present system with much less impurity scattering resolves a distinct anomaly of the Hall resistivity at H;{*} = 22.5 T, well below the destruction field of the HO phase = or approximately 36 T. In addition, a novel quantum oscillation appears above a magnetic field slightly below H;{*}. These results indicate an abrupt reconstruction of the Fermi surface, which implies a possible phase transition well within the HO phase caused by a band-dependent destruction of the HO parameter.
Objectives
The incidence of small-sized lung cancer with ground-glass opacity has recently increased. Thus, limited lung resection and minimally invasive surgery are in great demand. However, ...although wedge resections may be sufficient to cure small lung cancers, they are sometimes difficult to perform when a tumour is located near the pulmonary hilum. In these cases, anatomical segmentectomy is preferred to secure adequate surgical margins. In addition, three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) simulations are reportedly useful for thoracoscopic surgery. Here, we describe our technique port-access thoracoscopic bi-subsegmentectomy of the upper lobe anterior and posterior segments using 3-D CT simulations.
Methods
A 64-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with a 16-mm non-solid tumour in the posterior segment of her right upper lung lobe that was suspicious of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Technique: One 20-mm flexible port and three 5-mm ports were used. Vessels and bronchi were identified using 3D CT simulations pre- and intraoperatively. Subsegmental arteries (A2b, A3a) were identified and divided using an ultrasonically activated device (UAD). Subsegmental bronchi (B2b, B3a) were dissected. An intersegmental vein (V2c) was identified and divided using the UAD. B2b and B3a were ligated and cut after the right lung was inflated to visualize an intersubsegmental inflation-deflation line. Based on a 3D image, the intersubsegmental veins were preserved. The parenchyma was dissected along the inflation-deflation line using electrocautery and the UAD. The peripheral parenchyma that included the nodule was dissected with a sufficient margin (>2 cm) using a stapler.
Results
A frozen section revealed bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. The surgical time was 191 minutes and bleeding was 101 ml.
Conclusions
Port-access thoracoscopic bi-subsegmentectomy using 3-D CT simulations can be performed safely and secures adequate surgical margins.
Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
The oxidation and reduction of Ru thin films grown on a Si(1 0 0) surface were studied by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Ru thin films were oxidized with O
2 plasma generated by an rf ...discharge, and their XPS spectra were measured. The spectra were decomposed into several components for Ru suboxides attributable to different stages of oxidation. After sufficient exposure to oxygen, a stoichiometric rutile RuO
2 layer was found to have formed near the surface. Thermal annealing at 500 K resulted in a thicker RuO
2 layer. Experiments demonstrated that the Ru oxide layer can be removed by H(D) atoms via the desorption of water molecules.
The gradient shaving preparation was recently introduced as a new pretreatment technique for depth profiling. We can obtain a chemically undamaged slope with a length of several hundred micrometers ...by shaving linearly for a thickness ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers. To analyze the chemical structure in organic compounds we performed depth profiles by doing line analysis along the sloped surface of various probes. In this work, the gradient shaving preparation was applied to analyze a chemically amplified photoresist which contains small amount of photoacid generator (PAG) and other additives by TOF-SIMS. The characteristic distribution of F
− and CF
3SO
3
− fragments originated from PAG was determined. It was confirmed that the gradient shaving preparation allows TOF-SIMS depth profiling of small amount of organic materials in polymer films within the static limit.
The relation between the superconductivity and the scattering time τ of the quasiparticle in the organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 has been investigated by measuring the de Haas-van Alphen ...(dHvA) oscillations. The single crystals substituted partly with BMDT-TTF molecules, κ-(BEDT-TTF)1_x(BMDT-TTF)x2Cu(NCS)2 are synthesized for introducing the nonmagnetic impurities. The oscillation frequency F 600 ± 5 T and the effective mass ratio m* /mo 3.2 ±0.2 are the same with those of no substituted crystal. On the other hand, the BMDT-TTF molecule substitution reduces the quasiparticle scattering time τ ∼ 2.5 psec for x 0 to ∼ 0.5 psec for x 0.15. The relation between Tc and τ in the nonmagnetic molecule substituted crystals is discussed in comparison with the Abrikosov-Gorkov relation.
The effect of the disorder induced by the deuterated BEDT-TTF (d-BEDTTTF) molecule substitution on the superconductivity has been investigated in the quasi two dimensional organic superconductor ...κ-(h-BEDT-TTF)1−x(d-BEDT-TTF)x2Cu(NCS)2. The scattering time τ obtained by the de Haas-van Alphen effect changes in the form of 1/τ ∝ x(1 − x), which is known as Nordheim relation. Although the scattering time takes minimum around x 0.5, the superconducting transition temperature Tc increases linearly with x. The relation between the scattering time and Tcis not simply explained by the nonmagnetic impurity effect in the unconventional superconductivity expected in this organic superconductor.
Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of tumor suppressor and tumor‐related genes. To determine the clinicopathological significance of gene ...promoter methylation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we examined the promoter methylation status of the APC, DAP‐kinase, E‐cadherin, GSTP1, hMLH1, p16, RASSF1A and RUNX3 genes in 75 NSCLCs and corresponding non‐neoplastic lung tissues by methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). The frequencies of methylation in NSCLCs and corresponding non‐neoplastic lung tissues were: 37% (28 of 75) and 48% (36 of 75) for APC, 28% (21 of 75) and 13% (10 of 75) for DAP‐kinase, 29% (22 of 75) and 15% (11 of 75) for E‐cadherin, 1% (1 of 75) and 0% (0 of 75) for GSTP1, 7% (5 of 75) and 0% (0 of 75) for hMLH1, 31% (23 of 75) and 0% (0 of 75) for p16, 43% (32 of 75) and 4% (3 of 75) for RASSF1A, and 20% (15 of 75) and 3% (2 of 75) for RUNX3, respectively. Methylation of p16 was more frequent in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (P<0.05), and was associated with tobacco smoking (P<0.05). On the contrary, methylation of APC and RUNX3 was more frequent in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas (P<0.05). Thus, a different set of genes is thought to undergo promoter methylation, which leads to the development of different histologies. In addition, methylation of p16, RASSF1A and RUNX3 was mostly cancer‐specific (P<0.05), and may be utilized as a molecular diagnostic marker of NSCLCs.
Amino acid utilization of mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells was investigated. During the logarithmic growth stage, RAW264.7 cells grew very fast, with an approximate doubling time of 11 hours, in ...DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. RAW264.7 cells consumed glutamine at the fastest rate, followed by serine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, lysine, valine and other amino acids. When the cell density reached a critical threshold level, cells began to suffer non-apoptotic cell death characterized by mitochondrial damage (revealed by transmission electron microscopy) and a smear pattern of DNA fragmentation (revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis). At this point, glutamine, serine and glucose in the medium were almost completely exhausted, whereas other amino acids remained at more than 40% of their initial concentrations. Based on these data, it is recommended that glutamine, serine and glucose should be supplemented for the long culture of RAW264.7 cells.
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