The study investigated Lecturers’ Efficacy and Readiness towards the Utilization of ICT for Academic Research in the College of Education in Kwara State. Non-experimental research design involving a ...descriptive survey was adopted. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The instruments were given to three experts in Science Education, Test, Measurement, and Evaluation. ICT experts who determined the validity of the instrument. The lecturers' Efficacy, lecturers' readiness, and lecturers utilizations were measured through a questionnaire. The population of the study was all the lecturers in the two Colleges of Education used as case studies comprising state and private colleges of education. The study also made use of 140 academic staff in both colleges of Education adopting Krejcie and Morgan, 1970 i.e. Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin (153 participants) while Kwara State College Of Arabic and Islamic Legal Studies Ilorin Kwara State (52 participants) Structured questionnaire titled: “Lecturers’ Efficacy and Readiness towards Utilization of ICT Questionnaire” (LERUQ) was used to elicit information. Descriptive statistics of the frequency and percentage were used to answer research questions while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the research hypotheses formulated in the study at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed most of the lecturers’ had positive reactions towards it, limited knowledge, and limited understanding.
Frequent fruit and vegetable consumption is considered a promising dietary behaviour that protects health. However, most existing studies about the factors associated with this phenomenon among ...Africans are based on single-country reports, apart from one meta-regression combining smaller studies. This study harmonized large datasets and assessed factors associated with the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in this population.
Individual-level data on sociodemographics, lifestyle and diet from 20 443 participants across five African countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria), from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) and Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Research (AWI-Gen) studies, were harmonized. Total frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption (in portions/week) was classified as 'low' (≤6), 'moderate' (7-14) and 'high' (≥15). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of factors associated with the total frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption (using 'low' consumption as the reference) were estimated using multinomial regression models.
Mean age of participants was 54.3 ± 11.8 years, 10 641 (52.1%) were female, and the median (interquartile range) frequency of total fruit and vegetable consumption was 10.0 (4.0, 21.0) portions/week. Participants with a family history of cardiovascular disease moderate (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85, 1.00) and high (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78, 0.92), current smokers moderate (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74, 0.94) and high (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69, 0.88), current alcohol users moderate (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85, 1.00) and high (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76, 0.89) and physically inactive participants moderate (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75, 0.96) and high (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70, 0.90) were less likely to consume fruits and vegetables frequently.
Africans with lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease were less likely to consume fruit and vegetables frequently.
the population of elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been on the increase. The burden of cardiovascular disease and renal impairment may also increase due to the relationship between ...cardiovascular risk factors and ageing in those with T2DM. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their association with renal impairment in elderly with T2DM were determined.
this is a cross-sectional study that involved 96 elderly patients with T2DM and 96 elderly individuals without DM as control. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was determined among the study participants. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the significant cardiovascular factors associated with renal impairment among the elderly with T2DM. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant.
the mean age of the elderly with T2DM and control group were 66.73±5.18 years and 66.78±5.25years, respectively. The male: female ratio was 1: 1 for both groups. The prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly with T2DM and control were; hypertension (72.9%vs39.6%; p ≤0.001), high glycated haemoglobin (77.1% vs 0%; p ≤0.001), generalized obesity (34.4%vs1.0%; p ≤0.001), central obesity (50.0%vs11.5%; p ≤0.001), dyslipidemia (97.9%vs89.6%; p=0.016), albuminuria (69.8% vs 11.2%; p ≤0.001), anaemia (53.1%vs18.8%; p ≤0.001). Renal impairment was present in 44.8% of the elderly T2DM. On multivariate analysis, the cardiovascular risk factors significantly associated with renal impairment in elderly with T2DM were high glycated haemoglobin (aOR: 6.21, 95% CI: 1.61-24.04; p=0.008), albuminuria (aOR: 4.77, 95% CI: 1.59-14.31; p=0.005) and obesity (aOR: 2.78, 95%CI 1.04-7.45; p=0.042).
cardiovascular risks factors were highly prevalent and closely associated with renal impairment in elderly with T2DM. Early cardiovascular risk factor modification may reduce both renal and cardiovascular disease burden.
Failure to properly define operating hazards associated with pneumatic conveying system for combustible powder transportation has led to several incidences of fires and explosions. These hazards are ...mostly preventable if adequate safety measures are provided for the pneumatic conveying systems for dust and combustible materials during the system design, installation and operating stages. This paper presents assessment on risk of fire and explosive hazards associated with pneumatic conveying system for a combustible powder transportation and prescribe the best practice to prevent possible accident that might result from improper practice. The safety practice and relevant regulations for zoning of the operating area and guide for proper selection of suitable class of measuring instrumentation for safe system operation are enumerated.
Equipping medical graduates with the competence to manage tuberculosis is not just imperative but also urgent as the diseases have been consistently listed as one of the major causes of morbidity and ...mortality in Nigeria. However, there were no baseline studies done on knowledge of final year medical students on various aspects of TB diagnosis and management under directly observed treatment short course therapy (DOTS) which forms the basis of this study.
A total of 241 final year medical students from three medical colleges in Nigeria were interviewed. The questions assessed their knowledge about various modes of transmission, symptoms and management of tuberculosis under DOTS.
More than half of the respondents (i.e. 69%) had poor knowledge on TB disease. Only 33.6% mentioned sputum smear as the best tool of diagnosing TB according to guideline. Poor knowledge was also exhibited when asked of various categories under DOTS treatment regimen, as 46.1% correctly mentioned cat 1 and 2. Minority 18.7% and 6.7% had complete knowledge of 6 months duration for new TB cases and 8 months for re-treatment cases respectively. Less than one tenth, i.e. 4.6% and 2.9% could correctly defined what is called a new TB case and re-treatment cases according to standard guideline.
The study reveals gross inadequacies in TB knowledge and management practices among Nigerian final year medical students. There is urgent need for incorporation of National TB guideline into existing undergraduate medical education curriculum as well as students rotation through activities in DOTS clinic.
Background
It is crucial to assess genomic literacy related to stroke among Africans in preparation for the ethical, legal and societal implications of the genetic revolution which has begun in ...Africa.
Objective
To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of West Africans about stroke genetic studies.
Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients and stroke-free controls recruited across 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Participants' knowledge of heritability of stroke, willingness to undergo genetic testing and perception of the potential benefits of stroke genetic research were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed.
Results
Only 49% of 2029 stroke patients and 57% of 2603 stroke-free individuals knew that stroke was a heritable disorder. Among those who knew, 90% were willing to undergo genetic testing. Knowledge of stroke heritability was associated with having at least post-secondary education (OR 1.51, 1.25–1.81) and a family history of stroke (OR 1.20, 1.03–1.39) while Islamic religion (OR=0.82, CI: 0.72–0.94), being currently unmarried (OR = 0.81, CI: 0.70–0.92), and alcohol use (OR = 0.78, CI: 0.67–0.91) were associated with lower odds of awareness of stroke as a heritable disorder. Willingness to undergo genetic testing for stroke was associated with having a family history of stroke (OR 1.34, 1.03–1.74) but inversely associated with a medical history of high blood pressure (OR = 0.79, 0.65–0.96).
Conclusion
To further improve knowledge of stroke heritability and willingness to embrace genetic testing for stroke, individuals with less formal education, history of high blood pressure and no family history of stroke require targeted interventions.
Lamivudine-Induced Liver Injury Olaniyan, Lamidi W B; Maduagwu, Emmanuel N; Akintunde, Olalekan Wasiu ...
Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences,
10/2015, Letnik:
3, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue antiretroviral drug, known for its low toxicity at clinically prescribed dose. However, the toxicity or mechanism of toxicity and target tissue effects during ...prolonged administration of higher doses were hardly given sufficient laboratory attention.
The present work was designed to investigate the biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of rat administered with prolonged doses of lamivudine.
Lamivudine in multiple doses of five ranging from 4 mg/kg to 2500 mg/kg were administered, in vitro, by injection into the air-sac of 10-day old fertile embryonated eggs of Gallus domesticus. Also, female rats of the Wistar strain received oral doses, up to 500 mg/kg singly or repeatedly for 15 or 45 days, respectively. Spectrophotometric techniques were employed to monitor activities of the aminotransferases (ALT and AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and total protein concentration in serum while activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), GGT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein were determined in liver. Histopathological studies were carried out on liver. Data were analysed using ANOVA and were considered significant when p < 0.05.
The LD50 for the drug calculated from the incubation experiment was 427 mg/kg. Total serum protein concentration significantly reduced while enzymes activities significantly increased at 500 mg/kg only among the repeat-dosed rats. Hepatic GGT, GST and SOD activities as well as MDA concentration were significantly elevated at 20 mg/kg. Histopathological studies showed multifocal lymphoid cell population in the liver sinusoid of the chicken and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes were recorded among rats repeatedly exposed to the drug respectively at doses ≥ 100 mg/kg.
Lamivudine toxicity in rat liver appeared to be mediated by oxidative stress.
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