Este estudo se debruça sobre uma análise descritiva de comentários online em uma publicação com temática homoafetiva no Instagram. Buscamos realizar um exame argumentativo dos dados utilizados pelos ...comentaristas em relação à presença e ao uso de estereótipos, lugares-comuns e as chamadas evidências comuns no interior de uma interação polêmica. Delimitamos um tipo de análise com noções e métodos da linguística de texto, ou mais particularmente, da Análise Textual/Discursiva (espaços textual e discursivo), assim como da Teoria da Argumentação no Discurso (delimitação dos tipos de dados utilizados) e da Análise do Discurso Digital (noções de tecnodiscurso e comentário online). Os comentários coletados apresentam características do que é definido como interação polêmica, ou seja, de uma argumentação envolta no dissenso. As análises permitem concluir que há uma forte tendência ao uso de argumentos com marcas estereotipadas ou como o que caracterizamos como evidências comuns, tanto em defesa quanto contra o tema da polêmica. Esse dado representa uma forte demarcação de espaço discursivo no momento de combate do ponto de vista e dos valores de grupos adversários.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of oral health-related shame and the associated factors among 8-to-10-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was ...conducted with 388 children randomly selected from public and private schools of Diamantina, southeastern Brazil. In order to identify the feeling of shame, self-reports were collected through a single question, "In the last month, did you feel ashamed because of your teeth or mouth? Two calibrated examiners performed the clinical examination for dental caries (DMFT/dmft index), traumatic dental injuries (O' Brien), and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Sociodemographic indicators were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the children's caregivers. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (95%CI; p < 0.05). The prevalence of shame was 38.1% (n = 148). The adjusted regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between shame and untreated dental caries (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.04-1.74; p = 0.02), age of 10 years (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76; p = 0.01), and with parents with less than eight years of schooling (PR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.00-1.68; p = 0.04). Older children with untreated dental caries and whose parents had lower education level presented a higher prevalence of oral health-related shame.
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•A novel pectinase from Bacillus licheniformis has been characterized.•The enzyme low-resolution SAXS molecular envelope has been obtained.•The enzyme is monomeric and globular in ...solution.•The enzyme releases monomers of galacturonic acid as a unique product.•The enzyme is stable in a broad pH range (from pH 5 to 10).
Among the structural polymers present in the plant cell wall, pectin is the main component of the middle lamella. This heterogeneous polysaccharide has an α-1,4 galacturonic acid backbone, which can be broken by the enzymatic action of pectinases, such as exo-polygalacturonases, that sequentially cleave pectin from the non-reducing ends, releasing mono or di-galacturonic acid residues. Constant demand for pectinases that better suit industrial requirements has motivated identification and characterization of novel enzymes from diverse sources. Bacillus licheniformis has been used as an important source for bioprospection of several industrial biomolecules, such as surfactants and enzymes, including pectate lyases. Here we cloned, expressed, purified, and biochemically and structurally characterized an exo-polygalacturonase from B. licheniformis (BlExoPG). Its low-resolution molecular envelope was derived from experimental small-angle scattering data (SAXS). Our experimental data revealed that BlExoPG is a monomeric enzyme with optimum pH at 6.5 and optimal temperature of approximately 60°C, at which it has considerable stability over the broad pH range from 5 to 10. After incubation of the enzyme for 30min at pH ranging from 5 to 10, no significant loss of the original enzyme activity was observed. Furthermore, the enzyme maintained residual activity of greater than 80% at 50°C after 15h of incubation. BlExoPG is more active against polygalacturonic acid as compared to methylated pectin, liberating mono galacturonic acid as a unique product. Its enzymatic parameters are Vmax=4.18μM.s−1,Km=3.25mgmL−1 and kcat=2.58s−1.
OBJECT Brainstem surgery remains a challenge for the neurosurgeon despite recent improvements in neuroimaging, microsurgical techniques, and electrophysiological monitoring. A detailed knowledge of ...the microsurgical anatomy of the brainstem surface and its internal architecture is mandatory to plan appropriate approaches to the brainstem, to choose the safest point of entry, and to avoid potential surgical complications. METHODS An extensive review of the literature was performed regarding the brainstem surgical approaches, and their correlations with the pertinent anatomy were studied and illustrated through dissection of human brainstems properly fixed with 10% formalin. The specimens were dissected using the fiber dissection technique, under ×6 to ×40 magnification. 3D stereoscopic photographs were obtained (anaglyphic 3D) for better illustration of this study. RESULTS The main surgical landmarks and their relationship with the cerebellum and vascular structures were identified on the surface of the brainstem. The arrangements of the white matter (ascending and descending pathways as well as the cerebellar peduncles) were demonstrated on each part of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata), with emphasis on their relationships with the surface. The gray matter, constituted mainly by nuclei of the cranial nerves, was also studied and illustrated. CONCLUSIONS The objective of this article is to review the microsurgical anatomy and the surgical approaches pertinent to the brainstem, providing a framework of its external and internal architecture to guide the neurosurgeon during its related surgical procedures.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Reiki therapy on postoperative pain in bitches undergoing elective minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Thirty bitches were randomly assigned to ...three groups: Control, Placebo, or Reiki. All dogs received methadone as preanesthetic medication (PAM), meloxicam in the preoperative period, propofol for anesthetic induction, and isoflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Immediately after OVH, the dogs in the Reiki were submitted to a single session of Reiki therapy, dogs in the Placebo received simulated Reiki therapy from a non-therapist, and dogs in the Control received no treatment. All dogs were evaluated for pain using short-form Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF) and visual analog scale (VAS) before (M0) and 2 (M2), 4 (M4), 8 (M8), 12 (M12), and 24 hours (M24) after administration of PAM. Comparing the CMPS-SF scores between the groups, at M2 Reiki scores were lower than those of the Placebo and at M4 those in the Reiki were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Comparing the VAS scores, at M4 and M8, Reiki scores were lower than those of the Control or Placebo groups. Additional analgesia (morphine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intramuscularly) was administered to three bitches in Control and to four bitches of the Placebo. Reiki did not require additional opioid analgesia in the postoperative period. It was concluded that Reiki therapy provided analgesic effect and contributed to improve postoperative comfort of bitches submitted to elective OVH.
RESUMO: Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da terapia Reiki na dor do período pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OVH) eletiva pelo método minimamente invasivo com gancho. Para isso, foram utilizadas 30 cadelas alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Controle, Placebo e Reiki. Todos os animais receberam metadona como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), meloxicam, propofol na indução anestésica e isofluorano na manutenção anestésica. Imediatamente após a OVH, os animais do Reiki foram submetidos a uma única sessão de Reiki, os animais do Placebo receberam uma simulação da terapia Reiki por um indivíduo não terapeuta e os animais do Controle não receberam nenhum tratamento. Os animais foram avaliados por meio da forma curta da escala de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) e da escala visual analógica (EVA) antes da administração da MPA (M0) e 2h (M2), 4h (M4), 8h (M8), 12h (M12) e 24h (M24) após a MPA. Comparando-se os valores obtidos pela CMPS-SF, em M2, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Placebo e, em M4, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Observando-se os dados obtidos com a EVA, em M4 e M8, os valores do Reiki foram menores que do Controle e do Placebo. Foi administrada analgesia adicional (0,2 mg.kg-1 de morfina por via intramuscular) em três animais do Controle e em quatro animais do Placebo. Os animais do Reiki não necessitaram de analgesia adicional no período pós-operatório. Concluiu-se que a terapia Reiki contribuiu com a analgesia e o conforto pós-operatório de cadelas submetidas à OVH eletiva.
Yacon is a perennial herbaceous plant that naturally occurs in South America at altitudes ranging from 2,000 m to 3,100 m above sea level. The yacon culture has recently grown in popularity as it has ...high productive potential in mild climates and multiple benefits to human health. This study aimed to determine the lower and upper base temperatures, cycle duration, and thermal constant for the yacon culture, based on phenological data from field experiments that were carried out during three growing seasons (fall, winter, and spring) in 2013. The experiments were conducted in the municipality of Ibatiba in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replicates. The lower base temperature was determined using methods of the lowest standard deviation in days and degree-days, relative development, and variation coefficient in degree-days for two subperiods: emergence to maturation, and onset of tuberization to maturation. The upper base temperature was determined by the standard deviation and coefficient of variation methods, both in degrees-days. The relationship between meteorological elements and the onset of tuberization was also investigated. The lower base temperature values determined for yacon were 12.5ºC in the two subperiods studied with a base temperature above 34.0ºC. The productivity of these tuberous roots was higher in the fall because of the longer cycle, lower temperature, and lower photoperiod. In turn, a higher thermal sum was needed to initiate tuberization with the delay of planting.
A caracterização anatômica de regiões encefálicas topograficamente bem definidas é particularmente útil para a prática neurocirúrgica por propiciar melhor compreensão da tridimensionalidade das suas ...estruturas e das lesões que as acometem, e por incitar uma maior sistematização dos seus acessos cirúrgicos. Neste sentido, se destaca no interior de cada hemisfério cerebral, um verdadeiro bloco único composto externamente pela ínsula, internamente pelos núcleos da base e tálamo, e que abriga no seu interior a cápsula interna. Com uma conformação predominantemente biconvexa e disposto entre a cisterna silviana e as cavidades ventriculares supratentoriais, esse bloco cerebral central morfologicamente se caracteriza como uma cabeça de cada metade do tronco encefálico, encoberta por todo o manto neocortical do seu hemisfério ao qual se une através de verdadeiros istmos constituídos pelos prolongamentos das diferentes partes da cápsula interna. Anteriormente e sob o sulco limitante anterior da ínsula se dispõem as fibras que compõem o ramo anterior da cápsula interna, superiormente e sob o seu sulco limitante superior se dispõem as fibras restantes do ramo anterior e as do joelho e do ramo posterior, entre as quais se destacam em importância funcional as fibras piramidais córtico-espinhais, e sob o sulco limitante inferior da ínsula se dispõem as partes retro e sub-lentiformes da cápsula interna, que englobam as radiações auditiva e visual. Lateralmente o bloco cerebral central tem a ínsula como um verdadeiro escudo externo das principais estruturas cerebrais subcorticais. As escolhas dos acessos microneurocirúrgicos às lesões relacionadas com o bloco cerebral central devem ter como maior preocupação as suas relações topográficas com o tálamo e com as fibras da cápsula interna.
This study elaborated different formulations with xique-xique (Pilosocereus gounellei) cladode, passion fruit and lime juice and sugar cane syrup. The formulated beverages were subjected to physical ...and physicochemical analysis, determination of total carotenoid, total flavonoid and total phenolic compound contents, as well as of their antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP method), organic acid, sugar and phenolic compound profile during 21 days of refrigeration storage (4 °C). Significant variations were found among formulated beverages for most of the measured parameters during storage. Beverages with xique-xique juice were less acidic (7.90–10.27 g/100 mL) than beverages without this juice (11.66–12.76 g/100 mL). Beverages with xique-xique juice had overall higher contents of bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant activity when compared to the control formulation. Beverages with the highest xique-xique juice concentrations had the highest contents of carotenoids (51.51–59.27 µg/100 mL), flavonoids (1.39–2.15 mg CE/100 mL), phenolic compounds (68.49–115.66 mg EGA/100 mL) and antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS (0.71–0.84 µmol Trolox/mL) and FRAP (0.33–0.39 µmol Trolox/mL). These results indicate that the incorporation of xique-xique cladode juice in these mixed beverages enhanced their bioactive properties, especially of antioxidant compounds, enabling the development of a new product with potential functional properties to the beverage industry.
The melon crop is normally developed in semiarid regions, where water resources are limited. This scarcity of water is a strong stressor on the crops, and requires the supplementation of existing ...water supplies with poor quality water, especially saline water. This can impede the growth and production of plants; however, the use of tolerant genotypes may minimize this problem. Thus, a greenhouse experiment was developed at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Pombal Campus, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to study the emergence, initial growth, and tolerance of melon cultivars irrigated with waters of different salt content. We studied three melon cultivars (Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo) irrigated with five levels of saline water (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; and 3.0 dS m^sup -1^), arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the treatments distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The plants seeds were monitored for 30 days after sowing, and at 30 days the growth and salinity tolerance index was evaluated. Cultivar Halles Best Jumbo was the most tolerant to saline water during initial stage of growth, while the Gaucho Redondo was more sensitive to salinity. It was found that saline waters up to 1.8 dS m^sup -1^ were suitable for irrigation of melon plants round Gaucho and waters up to 2.4 dS m^sup -1^ could be used for irrigation of Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo crops during the initial growth phase.
•MWCNT were produced on iron ore tailing (IOT) at a high yield (1800%).•Studies on high-yield catalysts identified the most efficient for MWCNT synthesis.•Nanostructured IOT was used produce mortar ...with improved mechanical properties.•Mortar samples showed improved flexural strength with excellent CNT dispersion.•The work is environment friendly and aggregates value to iron ore tailing.
This study reports the high-yield, “in-situ” growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on iron ore tailing. The final product is a pioneering approach on the use of nanostructured tailing to produce mortar with improved mechanical properties in a simple, effective methodology. Four different high-yield catalysts were developed to identify the most efficient parameters for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) via Chemical Vapor Deposition on iron ore tailing (IOT). The process yields 1800% in carbon mass, an unprecedented result. Nanostructured IOT was used to produce mortar with different CNT quantities, including concentrations highly above the limits found in the literature, and resulted in increases of in flexural strength (up to 30%). Water loss after thermal treatment, consistency index and water absorption as a function of the CNT concentration in the mortar mass were also investigated. The proposed method delineates a viable way of incorporating CNT-reinforced macromaterials into cementitious matrices without functionalization, additives, or surfactants, which represents an advance for the nanocomposites industry. It also contributes to social and environmental development by aggregating value to iron ore tailing that would be otherwise stored in huge, and sometimes dangerous, disposal dams.
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