The Vanilla genus is crucial for global production in food, perfume, and pharmaceutical industries. However, exploitation threatens some species, leading to extinction. Traditional communities use ...vanilla for medicinal purposes, and there are species like Vanilla chamissonis Klotzsch and Vanilla bahiana Hoehne with potential to occupy the market. For this, methanolic extraction of these two mentioned species was conducted alongside Vanilla planifolia. Analyzes of the cell viability, mutagenic and genotoxic potential were performed. In the Ames test, the assays were performed with concentrations from 0.5 and 5000 μg/ml and on five strains. Only Vanilla planifolia exhibited mutagenicity at the highest concentration in the TA98 strain. Viability tests were performed within a dose range of 0.05–5000 µg/ml and 24, 48, and 72-hour exposures. It was possible to observe a reduction in cell viability observed only at the highest concentration, for all three species and both cell types tested. Genotoxicity induction by the extracts was assessed at concentrations from 0.5 to 500 µg/ml through the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. No genotoxic damage or reduction in the Nucleus Division Index (NDI). The study found no mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, or genotoxicity in the species tested, indicating potential human use for food or pharmaceutical purposes.
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•Brazilian Vanilla species extracts show no mutagenicity or genotoxicity.•Only V. planifolia exhibited mutagenicity at the highest concentration.•Cell viability reduced only at the highest extract concentrations in all species.•Vanilla extracts show potential for safe use in food and pharmaceutical industries.•None of the species induced micronuclei.
Vanilla is a worldwide cherished condiment, and its volatile market is associated with the so-called "vanilla crisis". Even though only two species (
and
×
) are cultivated on a large scale for ...commercial purposes, the
genus is comprised of 140 species. The present review article discusses the facets of this crisis, and vanilla crop wild relatives (WRs) are showcased as alternatives to overcome them. Historical, taxonomic, and reproductive biology aspects of the group were covered. Emphasis was given to the metabolic characterization of the vanilla crop WRs, highlighting their main chemical classes and the potential flavor descriptors. Many of these species can produce important flavor compounds such as vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanillone, among others. Overall, this review compiles valuable information that can help unravel new chapters of the history of this treasured product by evidencing the biotechnological potential of vanilla crop WRs.
Among plant pigments, anthocyanins are one of the most important. However, there are great difficulties related to applying appropriate techniques able to identify molecules with similar structures ...(suchlike anthocyanins) and simultaneously estimate their variety and concentration within fruit matrices. Therefore, several methods have been evaluated to achieve the best workflows for anthocyanin analysis. For the first time, this review article presents the current findings on analytical procedures for anthocyanin investigation based on the robust liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflow. Anthocyanins extraction, LC-MS analytical instrumentation, and chemometric strategies that converge to the better performance of such workflow are herein presented. By means of this metabolomics platform, it is possible to obtain the most accurate identification of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins. This is a crucial step since these compounds are related to the sensory qualities of food, such as color, flavor, and aroma.
The natural vanilla market, which generates millions annually, is predominantly dependent on Vanilla planifolia, a species characterized by low genetic variability and susceptibility to pathogens. ...There is an increasing demand for natural vanilla, prized for its complex, authentic, and superior quality compared to artificial counterparts. Therefore, there is a necessity for innovative production alternatives to ensure a consistent and stable supply of vanilla flavors. In this context, vanilla crop wild relatives (WRs) emerge as promising natural sources of the spice. However, these novel species must undergo toxicity assessments to evaluate potential risks and ensure safety for consumption. This study aimed to assess the non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic properties of ethanolic extracts from V. bahiana, V. chamissonis, V. cribbiana, and V. planifolia through integrated metabolomic profiling, in vitro toxicity assays, and in silico analyses. The integrated approach of metabolomics, in vitro assays, and in silico analyses has highlighted the need for further safety assessments of Vanilla cribbiana ethanolic extract. While the extracts of V. bahiana, V. chamissonis, and V. planifolia generally demonstrated non-mutagenic properties in the Ames assay, V. cribbiana exhibited mutagenicity at high concentrations (5000 μg/plate) in the TA98 strain without metabolic activation. This finding, coupled with the dose-dependent cytotoxicity observed in WST-1 (Water Soluble Tetrazolium) assays, a colorimetric method that assesses the viability of cells exposed to a test substance, underscores the importance of concentration in the safety evaluation of these extracts. Kaempferol and pyrogallol, identified with higher intensity in V. cribbiana, are potential candidates for in vitro mutagenicity. Although the results are not conclusive, they suggest the safety of these extracts at low concentrations. This study emphasizes the value of an integrated approach in providing a nuanced understanding of the safety profiles of natural products, advocating for cautious use and further research into V. cribbiana mutagenicity.
•V. cribbiana extract shows mutagenicity at 5000 μg/plate.•Indication of kaempferol and pyrogallol link to V. cribbiana mutagenicity.•Safety of low-concentration vanilla extracts indicated.•WST-1 assays reveal dose-dependent cytotoxicity.•Study advocates cautious use of V. cribbiana and further analysis.
Vanilla is a worldwide cherished condiment, and its volatile market is associated with the so-called “vanilla crisis”. Even though only two species (Vanilla planifolia and V. × tahitensis) are ...cultivated on a large scale for commercial purposes, the Vanilla genus is comprised of 140 species. The present review article discusses the facets of this crisis, and vanilla crop wild relatives (WRs) are showcased as alternatives to overcome them. Historical, taxonomic, and reproductive biology aspects of the group were covered. Emphasis was given to the metabolic characterization of the vanilla crop WRs, highlighting their main chemical classes and the potential flavor descriptors. Many of these species can produce important flavor compounds such as vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanillone, among others. Overall, this review compiles valuable information that can help unravel new chapters of the history of this treasured product by evidencing the biotechnological potential of vanilla crop WRs.
Introdução: A cirrose hepática é uma das doenças de maior incidência no mundo, além de ser uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil. O abuso de bebidas alcoólicas pode levar a degeneração no ...fígado, acarretando tal agravo. Entretanto, foram identificados fatores que pioram a cessação do alcoolismo, visto que os aspectos biopsicossociais, intrínsecos e extrínsecos estão correlacionados à dependência alcoólica. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que pioram a cessação do alcoolismo no paciente cirrótico. Métodos: As informações neste trabalho foram obtidas nas plataformas: Scielo, Google Scholar e PubMed. Resultados: Um dos critérios para o transplante hepático é a abstinência alcoólica por no mínimo 6 meses. Levando em conta o contexto psicossocial relacionado ao paciente, é válido destacar que essa tarefa se torna desafiadora e litigiosa no pré e pós transplante hepático. Os fatores intrínsecos associados são: dependência alcoólica (craving), neuroticismo (raiva, depressão, hipomania ou mania, ansiedade, angústia), extroversão, abertura para experiência, negação do paciente alcoolista crônico em relação aos danos que o álcool tem em sua vida, carência de espiritualidade. Os fatores extrínsecos associados são: influência negativa dos amigos e familiares, questões econômicas (desemprego, fácil acesso à bebida alcoólica), exclusão social, tratamento farmacológico, e a falta de suporte e/ou adesão do suporte profissional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos exercem influência direta sob a abstinência alcoólica em indivíduos. A piora da adesão a abstinência é contribuída por fatores psicossociais, devendo esses serem efetivamente enfrentados para que o transplante hepático possa ser findado de maneira coesa, evitando assim riscos.
