We investigate the 24–27 December 2018 eruption of Mount Etna occurred from fissures located on the volcano eastern flank and accompanied by a seismic swarm, which was triggered by the magma ...intrusion and continued for weeks after the end of the eruption. Moreover, this swarm involved some of the shallow volcano‐tectonic structures located on the Mount Etna flanks and culminated on 26 December with the strongest event (ML 4.8), occurred along the Fiandaca Fault. In this work, we analyze seismological data and Sentinel‐1 Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) measurements, the latter inverted through analytical modeling. Our results suggest that a dike source intruded, promoting the opening of the eruptive fissures fed by a shallower dike. Moreover, our findings indicate that the activation of faults in different sectors of the volcano may be considered as a response to accommodate the deformations induced by the magma volumes injection.
Key Points
We investigate the ground displacements and the 3D source geometry of the December 2018 Mount Etna (Italy) volcano‐tectonic crisis
DInSAR data obtained from SAR data pairs collected by Sentinel‐1 have been inverted through analytical modeling
Our results suggest the presence of two volcanic sources: a shallow dike and a deeper one associated with a long‐term seismic swarm
Background
Large observational implementation studies are needed to triangulate the findings from randomized control trials as they reflect “real‐world” everyday practice. In a pilot study, we ...attempted to provide additional and complementary insights on the real‐life treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) using mobile technology.
Methods
A mobile phone app (Allergy Diary, freely available in Google Play and Apple App stores) collects the data of daily visual analog scales (VAS) for (i) overall allergic symptoms, (ii) nasal, ocular, and asthma symptoms, (iii) work, as well as (iv) medication use using a treatment scroll list including all medications (prescribed and over the counter (OTC)) for rhinitis customized for 15 countries.
Results
A total of 2871 users filled in 17 091 days of VAS in 2015 and 2016. Medications were reported for 9634 days. The assessment of days appeared to be more informative than the course of the treatment as, in real life, patients do not necessarily use treatment on a daily basis; rather, they appear to increase treatment use with the loss of symptom control. The Allergy Diary allowed differentiation between treatments within or between classes (intranasal corticosteroid use containing medications and oral H1‐antihistamines). The control of days differed between no best control, single, or multiple treatments (worst control).
Conclusions
This study confirms the usefulness of the Allergy Diary in accessing and assessing everyday use and practice in AR. This pilot observational study uses a very simple assessment (VAS) on a mobile phone, shows novel findings, and generates new hypotheses.
Assessment of hydrogen transport aircraft Onorato, G.; Proesmans, P.; Hoogreef, M. F. M.
CEAS aeronautical journal,
10/2022, Letnik:
13, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Zero-carbon-dioxide-emitting hydrogen-powered aircraft have, in recent decades, come back on the stage as promising protagonists in the fight against global warming. The main cause for the reduced ...performance of liquid hydrogen aircraft lays in the fuel storage, which demands the use of voluminous and heavy tanks. Literature on the topic shows that the optimal fuel storage solution depends on the aircraft range category, but most studies disagree on which solution is optimal for each category. The objective of this research was to identify and compare possible solutions to the integration of the hydrogen fuel containment system on regional, short/medium- and large passenger aircraft, and to understand why and how the optimal tank integration strategy depends on the aircraft category. This objective was pursued by creating a design and analysis framework for CS-25 aircraft capable of appreciating the effects that different combinations of tank structure, fuselage diameter, tank layout, shape, venting pressure and pressure control generate at aircraft level. Despite that no large differences among categories were found, the following main observations were made: (1) using an integral tank structure was found to be increasingly more beneficial with increasing aircraft range/size. (2) The use of a forward tank in combination with the aft one appeared to be always beneficial in terms of energy consumption. (3) The increase in fuselage diameter is detrimental, especially when an extra aisle is not required and a double-deck cabin is not feasible. (4) Direct venting has, when done efficiently, a small positive effect. (5) The optimal venting pressure varies with the aircraft configuration, performance, and mission. The impact on performance from sizing the tank for missions longer than the harmonic one was also quantified.
Google Trends (GT) searches trends of specific queries in Google and reflects the real‐life epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. We compared Google Trends terms related to allergy and rhinitis in all ...European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland from 1 January 2011 to 20 December 2016. The aim was to assess whether the same terms could be used to report the seasonal variations of allergic diseases. Using the Google Trend 5‐year graph, an annual and clear seasonality of queries was found in all countries apart from Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta. Different terms were found to demonstrate seasonality depending on the country ‐ namely ‘hay fever’, ‘allergy’ and ‘pollen’ – showing cultural differences. A single set of terms cannot be used across all European countries, but allergy seasonality can be compared across Europe providing the above three terms are used. Using longitudinal data in different countries and multiple terms, we identified an awareness‐related spike of searches (December 2016).
Ultra-low mass drift chambers Assiro, R.; Cappelli, L.; Cascella, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2013, Letnik:
718
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present a novel low mass drift chamber concept, developed in order to fulfill the stringent requirements imposed by the experiments for extremely rare processes, which require high resolutions ...(order of 100–200 keV/c) for particle momenta in a range (50–100MeV/c) totally dominated by the multiple scattering contribution.
We describe a geometry optimization procedure and a new wiring strategy with a feed-through-less wire anchoring system developed and tested on a drift chamber prototype under completion at INFN-Lecce .
The calorimeter project for the Mu2e experiment Budagov, J.; Carosi, R.; Cervelli, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2013, Letnik:
718
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the charged lepton flavor violating neutrinoless conversion of a negative muon into an electron. The conversion results in a monochromatic electron ...with an energy slightly below the rest mass of the muon (104.97MeV). We expect to set a limit of ∼ 6×10 −17 at 90% CL in three years of running, using an intense and clean pulsed μ− beam providing ∼ 10 18 stopped muons on target in three years of running. The experiment performs a strong suppression of potential background by gating off the prompts and performing precise momentum determination in conjunction with an highly efficient cosmic veto. The calorimeter should confirm that the candidates reconstructed by the tracker system are indeed conversion electrons and provide an independent trigger (or event reduction filter) for the experiment. It should also provide standalone muon to electron rejection. Moreover, it must be able to keep functionality in a high radiation dose environment inside a 10 −4torr vacuum enclosure and in a presence of 1T axial magnetic field. In order to accomplish all these tasks, a LYSO crystals calorimeter has been chosen. We show the proposed design and the experimental results obtained by exposing a small size calorimeter prototype to a tagged photon beam from 40 to 300MeV at the A2 photon facility of the Mainz Microton (MAMI), Germany.
Based on the full BABAR data sample, we report improved measurements of the ratios R(D(*))=B(B̄→D(*)τ⁻ν¯τ)/B(B̄→D(*)ll¯ν¯l), where l is either e or μ. These ratios are sensitive to new physics ...contributions in the form of a charged Higgs boson. We measure R(D)=0.440±0.058±0.042 and R(D*)=0.332±0.024±0.018, which exceed the standard model expectations by 2.0σ and 2.7σ, respectively. Taken together, our results disagree with these expectations at the 3.4σ level. This excess cannot be explained by a charged Higgs boson in the type II two-Higgs-doublet model.
Dorsal muscle tissue from 712 red drum,
Sciaenops ocellatus, from Florida waters were analyzed for total mercury content. Mercury levels detected in these red drum varied but in most study areas were ...usually lower than regulatory threshold guidelines. Total mercury levels in individual fish from all study areas ranged from 0.020 to 3.6
ppm (wet weight). Total mercury levels detected in red drum from the Florida Keys-Florida Bay area were often higher than those in fish from all other estuarine study areas. Positive relationships between total mercury levels and fish size (length and weight) and fish age were observed in most Florida study areas, indicating that mercury levels tend to increase over time as red drum grow. The majority of large, mature red drum examined contained mercury levels greater than the 0.5-ppm threshold level set by the Florida Department of Health (DOH). Approximately 94% of all adult red drum from offshore waters adjacent to Tampa Bay contained mercury levels greater than or equal to the 0.5-ppm threshold level, and 64% contained levels greater than or equal to the DOH 1.5-ppm “no consumption” level. All fish from this area with mercury levels greater than 1.5
ppm were large individuals (⩾670
mm SL). Eight percent of legal-size red drum from Florida waters contained total mercury levels greater than or equal to the 0.5-ppm threshold level. The majority (52%) of these legal-size fish greater than or equal to 0.5
ppm were from the Florida Keys-Florida Bay area. In the Florida recreational fishery, the current maximum size limit for this species is an effective filter that prevents humans from consuming those red drum with the greatest likelihood of containing high mercury levels.
•A fiber optic fuel level sensor based on an array of TIR point sensor is proposed.•The fuel level sensor is interrogated by OTDR.•The sensor does not require aircraft calibration or temperature ...compensation.•The sensor performances are unaffected by the presence of condensed water.•The sensor is also able to measure the free water level in fuel tank.
An optical fiber fuel level sensor for aeronautical applications is developed and tested. The sensor is based on an array of total internal reflection point sensors multiplexed on a single fiber by optical couplers and simultaneously interrogated by an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry approach. Unlike conventional sensors based on total internal reflection, the new design permits to be sensitive to common jet fuels (JetA-1, JP4, JP5, JP7), and also to correctly operate when the sensor is partially or totally exposed to condensed water on the sensor surface. The sensor does not require aircraft calibration or temperature compensation.
Experimental results show that an accuracy of±1.5mm could be achieved. The sensor is also able to measure the free water level in the fuel tank.
Zero-carbon-dioxide-emitting hydrogen-powered aircraft have, in recent decades, come back on the stage as promising protagonists in the fight against global warming. The main cause for the reduced ...performance of liquid hydrogen aircraft lays in the fuel storage, which demands the use of voluminous and heavy tanks. Literature on the topic shows that the optimal fuel storage solution depends on the aircraft range category, but most studies disagree on which solution is optimal for each category. The objective of this research was to identify and compare possible solutions to the integration of the hydrogen fuel containment system on regional, short/medium- and large passenger aircraft, and to understand why and how the optimal tank integration strategy depends on the aircraft category. This objective was pursued by creating a design and analysis framework for CS-25 aircraft capable of appreciating the effects that different combinations of tank structure, fuselage diameter, tank layout, shape, venting pressure and pressure control generate at aircraft level. Despite that no large differences among categories were found, the following main observations were made: (1) using an integral tank structure was found to be increasingly more beneficial with increasing aircraft range/size. (2) The use of a forward tank in combination with the aft one appeared to be always beneficial in terms of energy consumption. (3) The increase in fuselage diameter is detrimental, especially when an extra aisle is not required and a double-deck cabin is not feasible. (4) Direct venting has, when done efficiently, a small positive effect. (5) The optimal venting pressure varies with the aircraft configuration, performance, and mission. The impact on performance from sizing the tank for missions longer than the harmonic one was also quantified.
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