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Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have been experimentally proved to be a highly efficiency, rapid and universal demulsifier to break up the crude-in-water emulsion. The alkylamine ...functionalization of graphene oxide is well known as a way to turn graphene oxide highly affine with organic solvents. In the present work an amphiphilic material, graphene oxide functionalized by amino groups were prepared by Hummer’s modified method. We introduced it as a versatile demulsifier to break up crude-in-water emulsions. The amphiphilic material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The efficient demulsifier to break up crude-in-water emulsion was proved in synthetic emulsion using Colombian crude oil with different concentration. Demulsification tests indicated that graphene oxide amine-modified (GO-A) could separate the crude-in-water emulsion in a short time. Demulsification performance of amphiphilic material was made using the bottle test and evaluated by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to measure the final grease concentration after GO-A treatment.
1 Using the 3 × 2 percentage data in Table 1 to calculate number of people in each medication adherence category (page 4 of the text) and blood pressure control (Table 4 on page 13), it is possible ...to reconstruct the study patient numbers by category. TABLE 1 Patient numbers used to calculate the calcS&S values (3 × 2) percentage data from the study (2 × 2) reconstructed study population Test: Adherence BP controlled Test: Adherence BP controlled MMAS-8 score No a Yes % total b MMAS-8 score No Yes Low (< 6) 67.2% 32.8% 32.1% Low (< 6) 295 144 Medium (6– < 8) 55.2% 44.8% 52.0% Adherent (6–8) 486 442 High (8) 43.3% 56.7% 15.9% chi-square 37.4 p < .001 n = 1367 chi-square 26.2 p < .001 Source: Patient numbers were derived by multiplying proportions in the Review Paper by the number of patients and pooling by groups as shown. a From Table 4 page 13. b Text on page 4. ...the S&S and accuracy values reported in this paper 1 are mathematically implausible.
We have investigated the nonlinear optical response of low loss Si(0.6)Ge(0.4) / Si waveguides in the mid-infrared wavelength range from 3.25- 4.75μm using picosecond optical pulses. We observed and ...measured the three and four-photon absorption coefficients as well as the Kerr nonlinear refractive index. The dynamics of the spectral broadening suggests that, in addition to multiphoton absorption, the corresponding higher order nonlinear refractive phenomena also needs to be included when high optical pulse intensities are used at mid-infrared wavelengths in this material.
Introduction Chile experiences a growing prevalence of DM2 in its adult population over time. The country has prioritised the diagnosis and treatment of DM2 through a universal health care package, ...largely focused on the clinical dimensions of the disease. We analysed the significance of socioeconomic variables in the prevalence of DM2, as well as its related dimensions of presence of complications (diabetic foot and ophthalmologic complications), attendance to health checks and acquisition of recommended lifestyle changes due to this condition. Methods Secondary analysis of the national health survey (ENS) 2016–2017 (n = 6,233 respondents). Crude and income-adjusted odds of reporting DM2 was estimated, as well as the relationship between complications due to diabetes and a number of clinical and sociodemographic variables using weighted log-linear multiple regression models. Results We found a clear social gradient of the prevalence of DM2 by household income quintiles and educational level in the adult population. Income quintile and educational level gradients remained significantly associated with the presence of complications and attendance to health checks. We found no significant association, however; between income quintile and reported lifestyle change. The association between complications due to DM2 and socioeconomic variables, particularly income, remained relevant even after adjusting for all sociodemographic variables. Conclusion This is the first study to analyse the association between DM2 and socioeconomic variables in Chile, useful for monitoring and policy planning. Income was strongly associated with DM2 prevalence and with related clinical variables (complications and attendance to health checks). Age, health care provision and educational level were also relevant factors, but lost significance in the fully adjusted model.
Abstract
Dumbbell‐shaped systems based on PAHs‐BODIPY‐triarylamine hybrids TM‐(01‐04) are designed as novel and highly efficient hole‐transporting materials for usage in planar inverted perovskite ...solar cells. BODIPY is employed as a bridge between the PAH units, and the effects of the conjugated
π
‐system's covalent attachment and size are investigated. Fluorescence quenching, 3D fluorescence heat maps, and theoretical studies support energy transfer within the moieties. The systems are extremely resistant to UVC 254 nm germicidal light sources and present remarkable thermal stability at degradation temperatures exceeding 350 °C. Integrating these systems into perovskite solar cells results in outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE), with TM‐02‐based devices exhibiting a PCE of 20.26%. The devices base on TM‐01, TM‐03, and TM‐04 achieve PCE values of 16.98%, 17.58%, and 18.80%, respectively. The long‐term stability of these devices is measured for 600 h, with initial efficiency retention between 94% and 86%. The TM‐04‐based device presents noticeable stability of 94%, better than the reference polymer PTAA with 91%. These findings highlight the exciting potential of dumbbell‐shaped systems based on PAHs‐BODIPY‐triarylamine derivatives for next‐generation photovoltaics.
The present work studies the effect of Mn doping on the crystalline structure of the Hap synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 200 °C for 24 h, from Ca(OH)
2
and (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
, incorporating ...MnCl
2
to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %wt of Mn concentrations. Samples were characterized by the X-Ray Diffraction technique, which revealed the diffraction peaks that corresponded to the hexagonal and monoclinic phase of the Hap; it was observed that the average size of crystallite decreased from 23.67 to 22.69 nm as the concentration of Mn increased. TEM shows that in all samples, there are two distributions of particle sizes; one corresponds to nanorods with several tens of nanometers in length, and the other in which the diameter and length are very close. FTIR analysis revealed absorption bands corresponding to the PO
4
−3
and OH
−
groups characteristic of the Hap. It was possible to establish a substitution mechanism between the Mn and the ions of Ca
+2
of the Hap. From the Alamar blue test, a cell viability of 86.88% ± 5 corresponding to the sample of Hap at 1.5 %wt Mn was obtained, considered non-cytotoxic according to ISO 10993-5. It also evaluated and demonstrated the good osteoinductive properties of the materials, which were verified by histology and immunofluorescence expression of osteogenic markers. Adhesion, viability, biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties, make these materials candidates for future applications in bone tissue engineering with likely uses in regenerative medicine.
Graphical Abstract
We compute the neutral pion mass dependence on a magnetic field in the weak field approximation at one-loop order. The calculation is carried out within the linear sigma model coupled to quarks and ...using Schwinger’s proper-time representation for the charged particle propagators. We find that the neutral pion mass decreases with the field strength provided the boson self-coupling magnetic field corrections are also included. The calculation should be regarded as the setting of the trend for the neutral pion mass as the magnetic field is turned on.
New pyridine‐based chalcones 4a–h and pyrazolines 5a–h (N‐acetyl), 6a–h (N‐phenyl), and 7a–h (N‐4‐chlorophenyl) were synthesized and evaluated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) against 60 ...different human cancer cell lines. Pyrazolines 6a, 6c–h, and 7a–h satisfied the pre‐determined threshold inhibition criteria, obtaining that compounds 6c and 6f exhibited high antiproliferative activity, reaching submicromolar GI50 values from 0.38 to 0.45 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 7g (4‐CH3) exhibited the highest cytostatic activity of these series against different cancer cell lines from leukemia, nonsmall cell lung, colon, ovarian, renal, and prostate cancer, with LC50 values ranging from 5.41 to 8.35 μM, showing better cytotoxic activity than doxorubicin. Furthermore, the compounds were tested for antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. Chalcone 4c was the most active with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 2 μg/mL against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while the pyrazoline 6h showed a MIC = 8 μg/mL against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. For anti‐Plasmodium falciparum activity, the chalcones display higher activity with EC50 values ranging from 10.26 to 10.94 μg/mL. Docking studies were conducted against relevant proteins from P. falciparum, exhibiting the minimum binding energy with plasmepsin II. In vivo toxicity assay in Galleria mellonella suggests that most compounds are low or nontoxic.
A series of pyrazolines bearing the pyridine moiety (5/6/7) were synthesized by cyclocondensation of the new chalcones 4a–g. The N‐arylpyrazolines exhibited significant anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines and the N‐acetylpyrazolines and chalcones showed better antiplasmodial and antibacterial activity.
Modern agriculture intensely selects aboveground plant structures, while often neglecting belowground features, and evolutionary tradeoffs between these traits are predicted to disrupt host control ...over microbiota. Moreover, drift, inbreeding, and relaxed selection for symbiosis in crops might degrade plant mechanisms that support beneficial microbes. We studied the impact of domestication on the nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis between cowpea and root‐nodulating Bradyrhizobium. We combined genome‐wide analyses with a greenhouse inoculation study to investigate genomic diversity, heritability, and symbiosis trait variation among wild and early‐domesticated cowpea genotypes. Cowpeas experienced modest decreases in genome‐wide diversity during early domestication. Nonetheless, domesticated cowpeas responded efficiently to variation in symbiotic effectiveness, by forming more root nodules with nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia and sanctioning nonfixing strains. Domesticated populations invested a larger proportion of host tissues into root nodules than wild cowpeas. Unlike soybean and wheat, cowpea showed no compelling evidence for degradation of symbiosis during domestication. Domesticated cowpeas experienced a less severe bottleneck than these crops and the low nutrient conditions in Africa where cowpea landraces were developed likely favored plant genotypes that gain substantial benefits from symbiosis. Breeders have largely neglected symbiosis traits, but artificial selection for improved plant responses to microbiota could increase plant performance and sustainability.
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