Trichlorfon (TF) is commonly used as an antiparasitic agent in aquaculture. A chiral HPLC method for the detection of the two TF enantiomers in fish was developed using metolcarb as an internal ...standard. Both the enantiospecific behavior of
R
-(−)-TF and
S
-(+)-TF and the formation of the toxic metabolite dichlorvos during fish storage were investigated using the developed HPLC method. Results showed that the degradation of
R
-(−)-TF and
S
-(+)-TF during fish storage was enantiospecific at both 18 °C and 25 °C, with
R
-(−)-TF being preferentially degraded. However, no enantiospecific behavior of TF enantiomers was observed when fish was stored at either −18 °C or 4 °C. In addition, dichlorvos formation was detected in TF-contaminated fish at a range of storage temperatures. Furthermore, microbial activity was found to play an important role in the degradation of TF enantiomers and in the formation of dichlorvos, and contributed to the enantiospecific behavior of TF enantiomers during storage.
Degradation of TF enantiomers and generation of dichlorvos in fish at different storage temperatures. (a) Fish was stored at 18 °C, and (b) fish was stored at 25 °C.
A new method for the isolation and enrichment of ofloxacin enantiomers from fish samples was developed using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs). These polymers can be easily collected ...and rapidly separated using an external magnetic field, and also exhibit a high specific recognition for ofloxacin enantiomers. The preparation of amino-functionalized MMIPs was carried out via suspension polymerization and a ring-opening reaction using rac-ofloxacin as a template, ethylenediamine as an active group, glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate as functional monomers, divinylbenzene as a cross-linker, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic cores. The characteristics of the MMIPs were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Furthermore, the adsorption properties were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The conditions for use of these MMIPs as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbents, including pH, adsorption time, desorption time, and eluent, were investigated in detail. An extraction method using MMIPs coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ofloxacin enantiomers in fish samples. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the developed method were 0.059 and 0.067 μg*mL-1 for levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin, respectively. The recovery of ofloxacin enantiomers ranged from 79.2% ± 5.6% to 84.4% ± 4.6% and ofloxacin enantiomers had good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.25-5.0 μg*mL-1 (R2 > 0.999). The obtained results demonstrate that MSPE-HPLC is a promising approach for preconcentration, purification, and simultaneous separation of ofloxacin enantiomers in biomatrix samples.
A rapid, sensitive, and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (HPLC-MS-MS) for the determination of coumatetralyl in human serum using warfarin as an ...internal standard has been developed and validated. Coumatetralyl and the internal standard were extracted from the human serum samples by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, followed by separation on a XDB C18 reversed-phase column (150mmX2.1mm i.d., 5mum) using a mobile phase consisting of acetic acid-ammonium acetate (5mmol/L, pH=4.5)/methanol (20:80, v/v) at a constant flow rate of 0.40mL/min. Coumatetralyl and the internal standard were ionized by negative ion pneumatically assisted electrospray and detected in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using precurso{http://www.informaworld.com/cache/entities/20/000000/ffffff/arial/ tp/21920072.png}product ion combinations at m/z 291- > 247 and 307- > 161, respectively. The calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9945) in the concentration range of 0.5~100.0ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5ng/mL in human serum. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.3 and 11.0%, respectively. The mean extraction recovery was 87.9% for coumatetralyl and 90.1% for the internal standard. This method is found to be able to determine trace coumatetralyl in human serum and can be used for the diagnosis of poisoned human beings.
Aims
Human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) has shown favorable efficacies in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment. We sought confirmation of the safety and efficacy of HUK for AIS in a large ...population.
Methods
RESK study enrolled patients with AIS of anterior circulation to receive HUK infusion. The primary endpoint was the incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints assessed neurological and functional improvements and stroke recurrent rate.
Results
Of 1206 eligible patients, 1202 patients received at least one dose of HUK infusion and 983 (81.5%) completed the study. The incidence of treatment‐emergent AEs and serious AEs were 55.99% and 2.41%, respectively. Pre‐specified AEs of special interest occurred in 21.71% of patients, but the majority were mild and unrelated to therapy. Hypertension, age, treatment time, and drug combination were identified to be associated with drug‐related blood pressure reduction. Neurological and functional evaluations revealed favorable outcomes from baseline to post‐treatment assessment. The cumulative recurrence rate of stroke was 2.50% during the 90‐day assessment.
Conclusion
HUK had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in AIS patients. Besides, HUK demonstrated the neurological and functional improvements in AIS, further confirming its clinical efficacy in a real‐world large population.
In the prospective, multicenter, phase IV study (RESK study), eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) received human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) infusion. The results demonstrated that HUK had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in AIS patients. Besides, HUK demonstrated the neurological and functional improvements in AIS, further confirming its clinical efficacy in a real‐world large population.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the infusion of blood or blood system.
To explore the mechanism of TLR4-mediated T cell immune effect in TRALI.
In this animal study, a mouse model of ...LPS-induced TRALI was established. Sixty adult C57/BL6 mice (wild-type, WT) were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) normal WT type, 2) LPS control group of WT type lipopolysaccharide, 3) WT type TRALI group (LPS + MHC-I mAb), 4) (TLR4 antibody) lipopolysaccharide LPS control group, 5) (TLR4 antibody) TRALI group (LPS + MHC-I mAb). Mice were injected with LPS (0.1 mg/kg) and MHC-I mAb (2 mg/kg) into the tail vein. H&E staining was performed to detect pathological features. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the level of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue homogenate supernatant were measured. Blood, spleen single-cell suspension, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to detect the ratio of Treg and Th17 cells by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and WB were used to detect mRNA or protein expression.
TLR4 mAb treatment alleviated the pathogenesis of LPS-induced TRALI in vivo, the MPO activity, and the level of proinflammatory factors in lung tissues. TLR4 exerted its function by changing of Treg/Th17 ratio via the SLIT2/ROBO4 signaling pathway and downregulating CDH5 and SETSIP.
TLR4 mediates immune response in the LPS-induced TRALI model through the SLIT2/ROBO4 signaling pathway.
In order to eliminate or reduce inter-user interference (IUI) and inter-cell interference (ICI), a power allocation algorithm based on leakage signal-to-noise ratio (SLNR) precoding is proposed for ...multi-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) downlink system. The optimization problem can be divided into two subproblems: precoding design and power allocation. Firstly, the optimal precoding matrix can be obtained according to the maximization of SLNR criterion. Then Lagrange multiplier algorithm is used to find the optimal power allocation matrix, so as to improve the energy efficiency of the system. Simulation results show that compared with zero-forcing (ZF) combined with equal power allocation algorithm and block diagonal (BD) combined with water filling algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the bit error rate (BER) performance and achieve higher energy efficiency.
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