Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from ...Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). Moreover, NO release and iNOS activity were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by F1. Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release.
The peroxide bridge present in dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can be efficiently catalyzed by transition metals, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exhibit potent anti-tumor ...effects. In this study, we developed a novel nanocarrier system by loading DHA into hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) and incorporating a tumor microenvironment-sensitive gating system consisting of TA/Fe complex. This newly developed nanocarrier, termed HMSN-DHA@TA/Fe, demonstrated remarkable anti-tumor effects specifically within the tumor microenvironment. The release profile of HMSN-DHA@TA/Fe was evaluated, revealing a pH-responsive release mechanism, with a release rate of 42.5% observed at pH= 5. Importantly, cellular experiments demonstrated that the survival ratio of HMSN-DHA@TA/Fe on normal cells exceeded 85%. Conversely, the survival ratio of tumor cells was significantly reduced to only 50%, highlighting the selective cytotoxicity of the nanocarrier towards cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory efficacy of HMSN-DHA@TA/Fe against solid tumors was evaluated in vivo, demonstrating its potent anti-tumor activity. The nanocarrier exhibited a significant ability to suppress tumor growth, underscoring its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for solid tumors.
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•CMC/kC/AMMT composite beads were developed for the adsorption of MB dye.•The adsorption process has been conducted under different adsorption conditions.•CMC/kC/AMMT composite beads adsorb more MB ...dye than plain CMC and kC beads.•Results have been tested by using isotherm and classical kinetic models.•CMC/kC/AMMT composite beads were successfully reused for five adsorption-desorption cycles.
In the present study, new composite beads based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/k-carrageenan (kC)/activated montmorillonite (AMMT) were prepared for adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) as a dye model. The structure and morphology of the composite beads were investigated by FT-IR and SEM, while the thermal properties were tested using TGA. Factors affecting the removal percent of MB such as CMC/kC/AMMT ratios, initial MB concentration, pH medium, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and agitation speed were also explored. Results demonstrated that MB removal (%) exceeded 92% after 120 min using CMC/kC/AMMT (1:1:0.4 ratio) compared to 69% in case of free AMMT beads. Moreover, data obtained from isotherm studies were fitted well to Langmuir model (R2=0.999), and the kinetics of adsorption followed pseudo-second order model. Finally, the composite beads showed good reusability for MB dye removal with high efficiency. Results obtained from this study suggest that the prepared composite beads could be applied effectively for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.
Disulfiram (DSF) degrades to diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) in vivo and coordinates with copper ions to form CuET, which has higher antitumor activity. In this study, DSF@CuMSN-PDA nanoparticles were ...prepared using mesoporous silica with copper ions, DSF as a carrier, and polydopamine (PDA) as a gate system. The nanoparticles selectively released CuET into tumor tissue by taking advantage of the tumor microenvironment, where PDA could be degraded. The release ratio reached 79.17% at pH 5.0, indicating pH-responsive drug release from the nanoparticles. The PDA-gated system provided the nanoparticles with unique photothermal conversion performance and significantly improved antitumor efficiency. In vivo, antitumor experiments showed that the designed DSF@CuMSN-PDA nanoparticles combined with near-infrared light (808 nm, 1 W/cm
) irradiation effectively inhibited tumor growth in HCT116 cells by harnessing the combined potential of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy; a synergistic effect was achieved. Taken together, these results suggest that the designed DSF@CuMSN-PDA construct can be employed as a promising candidate for combined chemo-photothermal therapy.
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a hydrophobic drug with potential antitumor activity. The main challenge with using fucoxanthin as a therapeutic agent is its low bioavailability and poor physicochemical ...stability. To overcome these limitations, we designed a pH-targeted delivery system using alginate oligosaccharide-encapsulated aminated mesoporous silica (nMSN-FX-ALG). The drug release experiments indicated that nMSN-FX-ALG exhibited a high drug delivery efficiency. Under physiological environment at pH 5.5, the cumulative release rate of FX from nMSN-FX-ALG system reached 73.6% after 24 hours, demonstrating its pH-responsive drug release capability. This confirmed that nMSN-FX-ALG could achieve targeted drug release in tumor cells. Meanwhile, nMSN-FX-ALG markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect on HCT116 cells, reducing cell viability to 50%. Furthermore, the system exhibited a notable therapeutic effect, suggesting its potential for tumor treatment. This research provides valuable insights and guidance for the targeted delivery of fucoxanthin, offering promising prospects for its application in the field of tumor treatment.
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•The novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) can be used in methanol–water media.•The specific ionic liquid (IL) was used as the functional monomer to prepare MIP.•ILs are easily designable.•A ...larger quantity of ILs are facile to be designed as functional monomer for MIP.
A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) using the specific ionic liquid (i.e. 1-vinyl-3-carboxymethylimidazolium bromide, 1-vinyl-3-carboxyethylimidazolium bromide, 1-viny-3-carboxybutylimidazolium bromide, or 1-vinyl-3-carboxypentylimidazolium bromide) as functional monomer was prepared via precipitation polymerization, which can be used to selectively separate synephrine (SYN) from methanol–water media. Ionic liquids are facile to be designed with varying the cation or anion, which enables the specific ionic liquid to be effectively designed to be a functional monomer for the preparation of MIP. The MIP showed a good selectivity and high adsorption capacity for SYN in methanol–water media. The adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-first-order model, which meant that the adsorption kinetics described a diffusion-controlled process. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich model, indicating multilayer adsorption. Finally, the MIP were successfully applied as sorbent to selectively enrich and separate SYN from the extracts of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus with a relatively high recovery (80–90%).
Herein we report a new type of adsorbent for the efficient removal of Pb(II), which is prepared from cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and sodium alginate (SA) via a simple cross-linking method. During this ...process, the porous structure of the hydrogel beads was formed by the disintegration of calcium phosphate. The performance and structure of the prepared beads were systematically examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. Investigations revealed that the adsorption equilibrium was attained after approximately 120 min. In addition, 82% of Pb(II) ions were absorbed in the initial 40 min at 297 K. The adsorption process was consistent with a pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and the limit adsorption capacity reached 318.47 mg g−1. Acid treatment and regeneration experiments verified that the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on the beads was satisfactory, and the adsorption rate remained at >80% after 5 cycles. These results indicate that the prepared beads are potential adsorbents for water treatment.
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•Beads cellulose nanofiber alginate hydrogel beads were prepared by cross-linking.•In Pb(II) ion removal from aqueous solution, 82% of ions were adsorbed in 40 min.•A chemical adsorption mechanism via a single-layer process dominated.•The adsorption rate remained >80% (100% = 318.47 mg g−1) after 5 cycles.
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We synthesized composite microspheres from cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium alginate (SA), which were modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to ...introduce a high density of active amino sites onto the surface via the Schiff base reaction. We hypothesized that these (SA/CNC/PVA)@PEI microspheres would have a high adsorption capacity for aqueous diclofenac sodium (DS).
The PEI-modified composite microspheres were characterized and assessed and optimized for aqueous DS adsorption. In addition, the morphology and synthesis mechanism of the adsorbent were studied.
The adsorption process showed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (i.e., the process is driven by a chemical adsorption mechanism) and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (i.e., adsorption follows a single-layer process). Under the optimum experimental conditions (pH: 4.5, adsorption time: 50 min, temperature: 303 K), the maximum adsorption capacity was 418.4104 mg/g, which was relatively high compared to other reported adsorbents. Importantly, after five adsorption–desorption cycles, (SA/CNC/PVA)@PEI showed only a slight loss in adsorption capacity. Compared with other reported adsorbents, the core–shell composite has a good DS adsorptive capacity and high recyclability.
The ability to remove toxic heavy metals, such as Pb(II), from the environment is an important objective from both human-health and ecological perspectives. Herein, we describe the fabrication of a ...novel carboxymethylcellulose-coated metal organic material (MOF-5⁻CMC) adsorbent that removed lead ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We studied the functions of the contact time, pH, the original concentration of the Pb(II) solution, and adsorption temperature on adsorption capacity. MOF-5⁻CMC beads exhibit good adsorption performance; the maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm-model is 322.58 mg/g, and the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 120 min at a concentration of 300 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption equilibrium data are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.988). Thermodynamics experiments indicate that the adsorption process is both spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the adsorbent is reusable. We conclude that MOF-5⁻CMC is a good adsorbent that can be used to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.
Here, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used for modification of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The double bond on the side group of CMCS was polymerized and cross-linked with N-N′-bis(acryloyl) ...cysteamine (BAC), containing a disulfide bond, and modified with folic acid (FA) to obtain nanogels for the targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Effectiveness of DOX delivery and release were subsequently investigated. The drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of DOX were 94.77 ± 0.83% and 15.6 ± 0.12%, respectively. The particle size of the GCMCS-FA-DOX nanoparticles loaded with DOX was 220.4 ± 38.4 nm. The experimental results showed that GCMCS-FA-DOX had a high glutathione and pH response performance. GCMCS-FA-DOX showed an improved inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation compared to free DOX. GCMCS-FA-DOX significantly improved the efficiency of drug uptake by cells, and the cytotoxicity of GCMCS-FA-DOX in HCT-116 tumor cells was higher than that in HepG-2 tumor cells.
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