This study aimed to characterize the role of phosphorylation of caseins in selective allergy to goat milk (GM) and sheep milk (SM) in patients with good tolerance to cow milk (CM). We performed skin ...prick tests with milk and caseins from CM, GM, and SM and immunoblotting and specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E determinations with milk and casein from cow and GM and SM. Sensitization to milk and caseins from goat and sheep was demonstrated in all 3 patients by skin tests, determination of specific IgE, or both. Immunoblotting confirmed that GM/SM proteins but not CM proteins were involved in the allergic symptoms. IgE reacted with several protein bands from the caseins and milk extracts of both sheep and goat. Phosphorylation was involved in the different allergenicity of CM caseins. We report the implication of phosphorylation in the allergenicity of caseins involved in selective allergy to GM and SM.
The human gut microbiome establishes and matures during infancy, and dysregulation at this stage may lead to pathologies later in life. We conducted a multi-omics study comprising three generations ...of family members to investigate the early development of the gut microbiota. Fecal samples from 200 individuals, including infants (0-12 months old; 55% females, 45% males) and their respective mothers and grandmothers, were analyzed using two independent metabolomics platforms and metagenomics. For metabolomics, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry were applied. For metagenomics, both 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing were performed. Here we show that infants greatly vary from their elders in fecal microbiota populations, function, and metabolome. Infants have a less diverse microbiota than adults and present differences in several metabolite classes, such as short- and branched-chain fatty acids, which are associated with shifts in bacterial populations. These findings provide innovative biochemical insights into the shaping of the gut microbiome within the same generational line that could be beneficial in improving childhood health outcomes.
Non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy (non-IgE-GI-FA) is the name given to a series of pathologies whose main entities are food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food ...protein-induced enteropathy (FPE), and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). These are more uncommon than IgE-mediated food allergies, their mechanisms remain largely unknown, and their diagnosis is mainly done by clinical history, due to the lack of specific biomarkers. In this review, we present the latest advances found in the literature about clinical aspects, the current diagnosis, and treatment options of non-IgE-GI-FAs. We discuss the use of animal models, the analysis of gut microbiota, omics techniques, and fecal proteins with a focus on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of these pathologies and obtaining possible diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the unmet needs that researchers should tackle to advance in the knowledge of these barely explored pathologies.
From 1994 to 1995, 80 cases which belonged to 78 patients were diagnosed. The rate was 56.6 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year in 1994 and 51.2 in 1995. The ratio male/female was 2:1 for the two years. ...Diagnose in hospital was 73% and in health centre 27%. Acid-fast stain and/or positive culture of M. Tuberculosis (MT) and another mycobacteria were obtained in 82.5% cases. The MT resistances were about 3.6. It was usually placed in lungs in 69.2%. The 5.1% patients were positive for HIV. Only one patient died (1.8%) who suffered from a miliary form. The favorite administered treatment (78.2%) was six months with three drugs. The adenosine deaminase (ADA) was discriminate for 80% of pleuritis. The average stay was 17.6 days. Important differences in each town councils rates.
Microbiome and Allergic Diseases Pascal, Mariona; Perez-Gordo, Marina; Caballero, Teresa ...
Frontiers in immunology,
07/2018, Letnik:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Allergic diseases, such as respiratory, cutaneous, and food allergy, have dramatically increased in prevalence over the last few decades. Recent research points to a central role of the microbiome, ...which is highly influenced by multiple environmental and dietary factors. It is well established that the microbiome can modulate the immune response, from cellular development to organ and tissue formation exerting its effects through multiple interactions with both the innate and acquired branches of the immune system. It has been described at some extent changes in environment and nutrition produce dysbiosis in the gut but also in the skin, and lung microbiome, inducing qualitative and quantitative changes in composition and metabolic activity. Here, we review the potential role of the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiomes in allergic diseases. In the GIT, the microbiome has been proven to be important in developing either effector or tolerant responses to different antigens by balancing the activities of Th1 and Th2 cells. In the lung, the microbiome may play a role in driving asthma endotype polarization, by adjusting the balance between Th2 and Th17 patterns. Bacterial dysbiosis is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders of the skin, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Thus, the microbiome can be considered a therapeutical target for treating inflammatory diseases, such as allergy. Despite some limitations, interventions with probiotics, prebiotics, and/or synbiotics seem promising for the development of a preventive therapy by restoring altered microbiome functionality, or as an adjuvant in specific immunotherapy.
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