Summary
Allergic asthma is a prominent disease especially during childhood. Indoor allergens, in general, and particularly house dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent sensitizers associated with ...allergic asthma. Available data show that 65–130 million people are mite‐sensitized world‐wide and as many as 50% of these are asthmatic. In fact, sensitization to HDM in the first years of life can produce devastating effects on pulmonary function leading to asthmatic syndromes that can be fatal. To date, there has been considerable research into the pathological pathways and structural changes associated with allergic asthma. However, limitations related to the disease heterogeneity and a lack of knowledge into its pathophysiology have impeded the generation of valuable data needed to appropriately phenotype patients and, subsequently, treat this disease. Here, we report a systematic and integral analysis of the disease, from airway remodelling to the immune response taking place throughout the disease stages. We present an overview of metabolomics, the management of complex multifactorial diseases through the analysis of all possible metabolites in a biological sample, obtaining a global interpretation of biological systems. Special interest is placed on the challenges to obtain biological samples and the methodological aspects to acquire relevant information, focusing on the identification of novel biomarkers associated with specific phenotypes of allergic asthma. We also present an overview of the metabolites cited in the literature, which have been related to inflammation and immune response in asthma and other allergy‐related diseases.
ABSTRACT Persistent and unresolved inflammation is a common underlying factor observed in several and seemingly unrelated human diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. ...Particularly, in atopic conditions, acute inflammatory responses such as those triggered by insect venom, food or drug allergies possess also a life‐threatening potential. However, respiratory allergies predominantly exhibit late immune responses associated with chronic inflammation, that can eventually progress into a severe phenotype displaying similar features as those observed in other chronic inflammatory diseases, as is the case of uncontrolled severe asthma. This review aims to explore the different facets and systems involved in chronic allergic inflammation, including processes such as tissue remodelling and immune cell dysregulation, as well as genetic, metabolic and microbiota alterations, which are common to other inflammatory conditions. Our goal here was to deepen on the understanding of an entangled disease as is chronic allergic inflammation and expose potential avenues for the development of better diagnostic and intervention strategies.
The changes in the nonanthocyanin phenolic composition during red wine malolactic fermentation carried out spontaneously and by four different starter cultures of the species Oenococcus oeni and ...Lactobacillus plantarum were examined to determine whether differences in nonanthocyanin polyphenolic compounds could be attributed to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain that performs this important step of the wine-making process. The polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and HPLC with electrospray ionization−mass spectrometry detection. The malolactic cultures selected for this study were indigenous wine LAB strains from the A.O.C. Rioja (Spain). Results showed different malolactic behaviors in relation to wine phenolic compositions for O. oeni and L. plantarum, and also, a diversity was found within each group. The hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, the flavonols and their glycosides, the flavanol monomers and oligomers, and trans-resveratrol and its glucoside were the main compounds modified by the different LAB. The wild LAB population exerted a greater impact in the wine content of some of these phenolic compounds than the inoculated selected monocultures of this study. Keywords: Wine; LAB; malolactic fermentation; Oenococcus oeni; Lactobacillus plantarum; nonanthocyanin polyphenolic compounds; HPLC-PAD; HPLC-(ESI)MS
The diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is defined by 3 criteria: (1) typical clinical signs and symptoms of acute, recurrent (episodic), and systemic mast cell activation (MCA); (2) ...increase in tryptase level to >20% + 2 ng/mL within 1-4 hours after onset of the acute crisis; and (3) response of MCA symptoms to antimediator therapy. Classification of MCAS requires highly sensitive and specific methodological approaches for the assessment of clonal bone marrow mast cells at low frequencies. The Spanish Network on Mastocytosis score has been used successfully as a predictive model for selecting MCAS candidates for bone marrow studies based on a high probability of an underlying clonal mast cell disorder. In this article, we propose a diagnostic algorithm and focus on the practical evaluation and management of patients with suspected MCAS.
Summary
Background
Fish allergy is becoming an important health problem in Spain, a country with the third highest level of fish consumption after Japan and Portugal. The most common fish allergens ...are parvalbumins. In our area, the most widely consumed fish species are lean, such as whiff (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and sole (Solea solea). Adverse reactions to fish are usually related to these species, a fact that is largely unknown to allergists in other countries.
Objective
The aim of this study was to identify and purify the major allergen implicated in allergic response to sole and evaluate the IgE cross‐reactivity of purified parvalbumins from whiff and sole, which are phylogenetically close, and more distant species (i.e. cod and salmon).
Methods
Eighteen Spanish fish‐allergic patients with a positive history of type I allergy to fish were recruited from the clinic. Total protein extracts and purified parvalbumins from whiff and sole were tested for their IgE‐binding properties by combining two‐dimensional Western blotting and mass spectrometry. The extent of cross‐reactivity between these parvalbumins along with cod and salmon parvalbumins was investigated by IgE ELISA inhibition assay.
Results
An IgE‐binding spot of approximately 14 kDa was identified as parvalbumin and confirmed as a major allergen in sole extract, which is recognized by almost 70% of the patients. Whiff parvalbumin was recognized by 83.4% of the patients. High cross‐reactivity was determined for all purified parvalbumins by IgE inhibition assay.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Sole and whiff parvalbumin were confirmed as major allergens. The parvalbumins of sole, whiff, cod and salmon were highly cross‐reactive, thus suggesting a high amino acid sequence identity between them.
Cite this as: M. Perez‐Gordo, J. Cuesta‐ Herranz, A. S. Maroto, B. Cases, M. D. Ibáñez, F. Vivanco and C. Pastor‐Vargas, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 750–758.
PDF
