Canine leishmaniosis is frequently associated with the development of renal disease. Its pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood. For this reason, this study aimed to describe the urinary ...proteome, and identify possible new biomarkers in dogs with kidney disease secondary to leishmaniosis. Urine samples were collected from 20 dogs, 5 from healthy dogs, and 15 from stages Leishvet III and IV. Urine samples were analyzed by UHPLC–MS/MS. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029165. A total of 951 proteins were obtained. After bioinformatic analysis, 93 urinary proteins were altered in the study group. Enrichment analysis performed on these proteins showed an overrepresentation of the complement activation pathway, among others. Finally, 12 discriminant variables were found in dogs with renal disease secondary to leishmaniosis, highlighting C4a anaphylatoxin, apolipoprotein A-I, haptoglobin, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, and beta-2-microglobulin. This study is the first to describe the urinary proteomics of dogs with renal disease caused by leishmaniosis, and it provides new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of this disease.
The objective of our study was to search for survival biomarkers (SB) and treatment response monitoring biomarkers (TRMB) in the urinary proteome of dogs with renal disease secondary to canine ...leishmaniosis (CanL), using UHPLC–MS/MS. The proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042578. Initially, a group of 12 dogs was evaluated and divided into survivors (SG; n = 6) and nonsurvivors (NSG; n = 6). A total of 972 proteins were obtained from the evaluated samples. Then, bioinformatic analysis reduced them to 6 proteins like potential SB increased in the NSG, specifically, Haemoglobin subunit Alpha 1, Complement Factor I, Complement C5, Fibrinogen beta chain (fragment), Peptidase S1 domain-containing protein, and Fibrinogen gamma chain. Afterwards, SG was used to search for TRMB, studying their urine at 0, 30, and 90 days, and 9 proteins that decreased after treatment were obtained: Apolipoprotein E, Cathepsin B, Cystatin B, Cystatin-C-like, Lysozyme, Monocyte differentiation CD14, Pancreatitis-associated precursor protein, Profilin, and Protein FAM3C. Finally, enrichment analysis provided information about the biological mechanisms in which these proteins are involved. In conclusion, this study provides 15 new candidate urinary biomarkers and an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney disease in CanL.
•In the search for biomarkers for kidney illness and canine leishmaniosis, urine is a useful biofluid.•UHPLC-MS/MS allows a large-scale urinary analysis in dogs with kidney disease.•The increase of 6 urinary proteins is related with no survival.•For monitoring of treatment response, 9 proteins show a great signification.•New pathogenic pathways in dogs with renal disease andleishmaniosis were described.
The present work aims to elucidate the possibility of injecting ozone into surface waters combined with urban wastewaters in order to improve the water quality of the High Atoyac Sub-basin (HAS) in ...Central Mexico. For this purpose, twenty physicochemical parameters, eight heavy metals, seven organic compounds, and one biological indicator were assessed in water from different sites of the studied area (the Alseseca River, the Atoyac River and the Valsequillo Reservoir). Results demonstrated that O3 injection led to the decrease of the aromatic fraction of organic molecules since the Spectral Absorption Coefficient at 254 nanometers (SAC254) reduction was found to be 31.7% in the Valsequillo Reservoir water samples. Maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was observed to be 60.2% from the Alseseca River with a 0.26 mg O3/mg initial COD dose. Among all the phthalates studied in the present work, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exhibited the highest concentration (5.8 μg/L in the Atoyac River). Treatment with O3 was not effective in eliminating fecal coliforms (FC) in waters that host high organic matter (OM) loads as opposed to waters with low OM. After the injection of 4.7 mg O3/mg COD in the VO3-AT water sample, a 90% removal of Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) was registered; while Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), and Cooper (Cu) showed a 73%, 67%, 81%, and 80% removal, respectively; Chromium (Cr) registered the highest removal (~100%). The present work demonstrated that while finding a suitable O3 dose to improve the quality of water in the HAS, the 5-days Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)/COD ratio (i.e., biodegradability) is more important than the overall OM removal percentage proving that O3 injection is a feasible process for the treatment of eutrophic waters from HAS.
Background and importanceEstablished treatment for advanced, recurrent or unresectable oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) includes systemic therapy, definitive chemotherapy and/or palliative ...treatment depending on the stage of the cancer. These drugs increase the therapeutic options available.Aim and objectivesTo determine if nivolumab, pembrolizumab and camrelizumab can be considered equivalent second-line therapeutic alternatives (ATE) by using a common comparator, for patients with unresectable and/or advanced ESCC.Material and methodsA bibliographic search was conducted to select phase III randomised clinical trials of second-line treatments for ESCC. Indirect comparisons were made by using the Bucher method using nivolumab as the reference drug and overall survival (OS) as the main variable. The maximum acceptable difference as a clinical non-inferiority standard Delta (Δ), and its inverse were set at 0.65 and 1.54, respectively. They were established by ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale.ResultsThree similar clinical trials were selected: ATTRACTION-3, KEYNOTE-181 and ESCORT, one for each drug evaluated.Limitations found: chemotherapy used as comparator: ATRACCTION-3 nivolumab vs paclitaxel/docetaxel; KEYNOTE-181 pembrolizumab vs paclitaxel/docetaxel/irinotecan; ESCORT camrelizumab vs docetaxel/irinotecan.KEYNOTE-181 study divides OS in patients with PDL-1 >10%, with ESCC and in all patients, with higher statistical significance (p<0.008) for the population with ESCC.After applying the Bucher method, the following hazard ratio (HR) values (95% CI) were obtained for OS: nivolumab 0.77 (0.62 to 0.96), pembrolizumab 0.77 (0.63 to 0.96) and camrelizumab 0.71 (0.57 to 0.87).The results of the comparison with nivolumab were adjusted pembrolizumab HR=1 (0.738–1.355) and adjusted camrelizumab HR=0.922 (0.694–1.225). The HR of OS for both drugs is within the limits of Δ and its 95% CI does not exceed the neutral value and the equivalence margin.According to the ATE Guide, it would fit with a type A therapeutic positioning, assuming that the OS variable studied for pembrolizumab does not meet statistical significance for patients with squamous histology.Conclusion and relevanceNivolumab, pembrolizumab and camrelizumab could be considered ATE. It is necessary to take into account that there is a certain degree of uncertainty in this positioning result.References and/or acknowledgementsConflict of interestNo conflict of interest
Assessment of water penetration risk in building facades throughout Brazil Domínguez-Hernández, J.; Pérez-Bella, J.M.; Alonso-Martínez, M. ...
Building research and information : the international journal of research, development and demonstration,
07/2017, Letnik:
45, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The penetration of atmospheric water (rain) into facades creates problems for building habitability and the durability of construction materials. This study analyses the exposure of Brazilian facades ...to the two main climate factors responsible for this penetration: wind-driven rain and driving rain wind pressure. Daily weather records (spanning 2005-14, from 171 weather stations) were analysed. Both exposure factors were combined to assess the risk of water penetration at each site. The relationships between the different exposure indices calculated from daily, monthly and annual records were determined and compared with results from other countries. From this analysis, detailed isopleth maps are provided that allow a graphical characterization of the moisture exposure conditions of facades anywhere in Brazil. A comprehensive characterization of the water penetration exposure in Brazilian enclosures is created and can be used to establish normative design requirements for actual climatic conditions in each area of the country. In general, an increased risk of penetration was identified in the flat areas of the South and Northeast regions of the country. The sites located in the Amazon basin present comparatively lower risks, despite a greater amount of rainfall, because the wind intensity is less in these inland areas.
El Código Técnico de la Edificación aprobado en 2006, asigna por primera vez en España diferentes requisitos básicos para los cerramientos verticales de edificación, destinados a limitar el riesgo de ...presencia inadecuada de humedad en el interior de los edificios. La solicitación por humedad, estimada mediante diversos parámetros climáticos, permite ajustar la exigencia de estos requisitos para cada emplazamiento y fachada. Sin embargo, estos parámetros presentan actualmente posibilidades de mejora que pueden dar lugar a una asignación más adecuada del grado de impermeabilidad y con ello, de los requisitos de diseño necesarios. Este artículo revisa estos parámetros climáticos, presenta otros utilizados internacionalmente para el mismo propósito y caracteriza en el territorio español los factores que determinan la solicitación por humedad, haciendo posible mejorar la prestacionalidad de los requisitos básicos impuestos para las fachadas de los edificios.
Recurrent bloodstream infections caused by a Gram-positive bacterium affected an immunocompromised child. Tsukamurella pulmonis was the microorganism identified by secA1 gene sequencing. Antibiotic ...treatment in combination with removal of the subcutaneous port healed the patient.
The accurate determination of a facade's watertightness performance is important for optimizing design. Different micro-climatic conditions can affect water penetration. The recently developed ...Bayesian method allows this performance to be estimated for any operating condition and location, based on the results of standardized watertightness tests. This performance-based method uses semi-empirical calculations for wind-driven rain, estimates of wind velocity based on the wind profile power law and analyses of the annual maximum climatic data. This method determines the return period of climatic conditions that each facade system can withstand. Alternative approximations are studied that may be implemented using the Bayesian method to obtain more precise or functional estimations: improved friction coefficients, peaks-over-threshold analyses or catch ratios from computational fluid dynamics (CFD), among others. The effects of these alternatives on the results of the Bayesian method were evaluated by analysing different case studies in two cities in Spain. This analysis suggests that the original formulation of the method underestimates watertightness performance and highlights the fundamental importance of wind velocity to estimate the performance of any facade accurately. This will provide greater precision for estimating facade performance and provides potential for introducing performance-based codes for watertightness.
A new method for determining the water tightness of building facades Pérez-Bella, J. M.; Domínguez-Hernández, J.; Rodríguez-Soria, B. ...
Building research and information : the international journal of research, development and demonstration,
08/2013, Letnik:
41, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Wind-driven rain and wind pressure are two fundamental climatic parameters affecting the penetration of water through building facades. Water tightness tests attempt to reproduce exposure extremes in ...order to evaluate the resistance to the passage of water through a facade. However, the exposure conditions for a given return period in a real situation can vary with each location and operating condition. Therefore, standardized test conditions may not be representative of all actual exposure conditions, which prevent a precise evaluation of the facade's performance under operating conditions that differ from test settings. A key challenge for water tightness tests is creating a correlation between standard exposure parameters used in testing and any actual exposure conditions. To address this concern, a new method is proposed that determines the return period associated with the tested exposure for the operating conditions of each facade. The new method is used to assess the adequacy of standardized test exposures (specified by EN 12865:2001 for European localities) on a specific facade at a site in Spain. The method estimates more rigorously the design return period related to water tightness performance of any facade and allows for an improvement of its design using the standardized test results.
La pluie battante et la pression du vent sont deux paramètres climatiques fondamentaux affectant la pénétration de l'eau à travers les façades des bâtiments. Les tests d'étanchéité à l'eau tentent de reproduire les conditions extrêmes d'exposition afin d'évaluer la résistance au passage de l'eau à travers une façade. Cependant, les conditions d'exposition pour une période de retour donnée dans une situation réelle peuvent varier avec chaque lieu et chaque condition d'exploitation. Par conséquent, les conditions de test normalisées peuvent ne pas être représentatives de toutes les conditions d'exposition réelles, ce qui empêche une évaluation précise des performances de la façade dans des conditions d'exploitation qui diffèrent des paramètres de test. L'une des principales difficultés pour les tests d'étanchéité à l'eau est d'établir une corrélation entre les paramètres d'exposition standard utilisés pour effectuer les tests et n'importe quelles conditions d'exposition réelles. Pour faire face à cette préoccupation, il est proposé une nouvelle méthode qui détermine la période de retour associée à l'exposition testée pour les conditions d'exploitation de chaque façade. Cette nouvelle méthode est utilisée pour évaluer l'adéquation des expositions des tests normalisés (spécifiées par la norme EN 12865 : 2001 pour les localités européennes) par rapport à une façade spécifique d'un site situé en Espagne. La méthode estime de manière plus rigoureuse la période de retour de conception en lien avec les performances d'étanchéité à l'eau de n'importe quelle façade et permet d'en améliorer la conception en utilisant les résultats des tests normalisés.
Mots clés: enveloppe des bâtiments, charges climatiques, conception des façades, paramètres de test, étanchéité à l'eau
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