Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a growing health problem, and its treatment is a challenge. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the perceptions, knowledge, and ...clinical experiences of MIH in general dental practitioners (GDPs) and paediatric dentists (PDs) in Spain.
All dentists belonging to the College of Dentists of the Region of Murcia, in the South-East of Spain, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a two-part questionnaire including sociodemographic profiles and knowledge, experience, and perceptions of MIH. Data were analysed using Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Cramer's V test.
The overall response rate was 18.6% (214/1147). Most respondents were aged 31-40 years (44.86%), with more than 15 years of professional experience (39.72%). They worked mainly in the private sector (84.58%) and were licensed in dentistry (74.30%): 95.45% of PDs had detected an increase in the incidence of MIH in recent years (p < 0.001). Only 23.80% of GDPs claimed to have made a training course on MIH. With respect to the aetiology, chronic medical conditions (p = 0.029) and environmental pollutants (p = 0.008) were the only factors that showed significant between-group differences. Durability (p = 0.009) and remineralization potential (p = 0.018) were the factors where there was a between-group difference in the choice of the restoration material. In the case of post-eruptive fractures and opacities, the preferred material for both groups was resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC). However, in incisor lesions, composite was the material of choice for both groups, with significant differences (p = 0.032) in the use of glass ionomer. Most respondents expressed a need for continuing education on MIH.
Spanish dentists perceived an increase in the incidence of MIH. The material of choice was RMGIC for non-aesthetic sectors and composite for incisors. Dentists believe it is difficult or very difficult to manage MIH, since the long-term success of restorations of MIH lesions is compromised because resin adhesion is not good. Both GDPs and PDs believe they need more training on the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH.
Selective laser melting additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can be used to fabricate complete-arch cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) implant-supported prostheses. However, the discrepancy at the ...implant-prosthesis interface with these fabrication techniques and after ceramic veneering remains unclear.
The purpose of the present in vitro investigation was to measure the discrepancy at the implant abutment-prosthesis interface before and after the ceramic veneering of frameworks fabricated by using subtractive and selective laser melting AM technologies.
A completely edentulous cast with 6 implant abutment replicas (Multi-unit Abutment RP Replicas; Nobel Biocare Services AG) was prepared. A total of 20 Co-Cr frameworks were fabricated using subtractive or computer numerical control milling (CNC group) and additive (AM group) technologies (n=10). A coordinate measurement machine was used to measure the linear and angular discrepancy at the implant abutment-prosthesis interface. Subsequently, a ceramic veneer was applied to each framework following the same standardized protocol. A bonding layer (Chromium-Cobalt Bonding; Bredent), 2 opaquer layers (Powder opaque and liquid UF; Creation CC), a layer of dentin ceramic (Dentine A3; Creation CC), a layer of enamel ceramic (Enamel S-59; Creation CC), and a glaze layer (Glaze paste and Liquid GL; Creation CC) were applied following the manufacturer’s firing protocol. Coordinate measurement machine assessment was repeated to measure the linear and angular discrepancies after ceramic veneering procedures. Data were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signedrank and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05).
No statistically significant differences (P>.05) were demonstrated in assessing the discrepancies at the implant abutment-prosthesis interface between the groups except for the XZ angle of the CNC group (P<.05). Ceramic techniques produced significantly higher linear and angular discrepancies in both groups (P<.001) with a mean ±standard deviation increase in the 3-dimensional gap of 36.9 ±15.6 μm in the CNC group and 38.9 ±16.6 μm in the AM group. The AM group presented significantly higher discrepancy in the x-axis than the CNC group (P<.001).
Manufacturing procedures did not significantly influence the discrepancy at the implant abutment-prosthesis interface, which was significantly increased after ceramic veneering, except for the XZ angle of the CNC group. The differences between the discrepancies at the implant abutment-prosthesis interface before and after ceramic application revealed no significant discrepancies among the groups, except in the AM group that presented a significantly higher discrepancy on the x-axis compared with the CNC group.
The establishment of the rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis relies on the interchange of molecular signals between the two symbionts. We have previously studied by RNA-seq the effect of the ...symbiotic regulators NodD1, SyrM, and TtsI on the expression of the symbiotic genes (the
regulon) of
HH103 upon treatment with the isoflavone genistein. In this work we have further investigated this regulatory network by incorporating new RNA-seq data of HH103 mutants in two other regulatory genes,
and
. Both genes code for global regulators with a predominant repressor effect on the
regulon, although NodD2 acts as an activator of a small number of HH103 symbiotic genes.
By combining RNA-seq data, qPCR experiments, and b-galactosidase assays of HH103 mutants harbouring a
gene inserted into a regulatory gene, we have analysed the regulatory relations between the
,
,
,
, and
genes, confirming previous data and discovering previously unknown relations.
Previously we showed that HH103 mutants in the
,
,
, or
genes gain effective nodulation with
, a model legume, although with different symbiotic performances. Here we show that the combinations of mutations in these genes led, in most cases, to a decrease in symbiotic effectiveness, although all of them retained the ability to induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. In fact, the
,
, and
single and double mutants share a set of Nod factors, either overproduced by them or not generated by the wild-type strain, that might be responsible for gaining effective nodulation with
.
Objective: Current studies have shown that older people's quality of life (QoL) is more associated to individual's sense of happiness and subjective life satisfaction than to objective problems. CASP ...scale conceptualizes QoL based on a psycho-sociological perspective. Originally, CASP consisted of 19 items (four factors: Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure). Later, it was proposed a shorter version (12 items and three factors). The aim of this study was to assess the structure of the CASP-12 SHARE version using confirmatory factor analysis.
Method: The CASP structures traditionally proposed were checked and tested in a sample of 1108 people aged 60 years and over.
Results: The three factor model (1) pleasure, (2) self-realization and (3) autonomy and control showed a good overall fit (CFI = .932; TLI = .912; RMSEA = .067). An adequate internal consistency was also obtained.
Conclusion: This is the first study that explored the psychometric properties and validated the well-fitting three factor structure for the CASP-12 in a large population sample of older people from Spain. The results support a multidimensional model for the CASP-12 composed by three factors. It has potential to be used as a multidimensional tool to assess QoL in older people.
Hypertension is an important factor of cardiovascular diseases and contributes to their negative consequences including mortality. The World Health Organization estimated that 54% of strokes and 47% ...of cases of ischemic heart illness are related to high blood pressure. Recently,
(HS) and
(LC) have attracted scientific interest, and they are recognized for their high content of polyphenols as these may prevent several disease factors, such as hypertension. The aim of the present study is to determine if supplementation with an HS-LC blend (MetabolAid
) may be effective for the treatment of type 1 hypertensive sedentary populations. A total of 80 type 1 hypertensive subjects of both sexes were included in the study and were treated with placebo or the HS-LC extract, and both groups were treated over 84 days. The blood pressure (diastolic, systolic, and pulse pressure) was measured throughout the day, for each of the days of the study duration and determined using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). Physical activity was determined throughout the study to ensure similar conditions related to exercise. The results showed the capacity for reducing the blood pressure parameters in the case of the HS-LC extract. The daily consumption of the HS-LC extract but not the placebo over 84 days was able to reduce the daytime parameters related to blood pressure. The most remarkable results were observed in the measurements performed during the daytime, especially in the systolic blood pressure showing statistically significant variation.
The net impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia on overall mortality (OM) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) remains a matter of ...debate. This was a retrospective, multicenter, noninterventional study finally including 749 patients. CMV DNA monitoring was conducted by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Clinical outcomes of interest were OM and NRM through day 365 after allo‐HSCT. The cumulative incidence of CMV DNAemia in this cohort was 52.6%. A total of 306 out of 382 patients with CMV DNAemia received preemptive antiviral therapy (PET). PET use for CMV DNAemia, but not the occurrence of CMV DNAemia, taken as a qualitative variable, was associated with increased OM and NRM in univariate but not in adjusted models. A subcohort analysis including patients monitored by the COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS Taqman CMV Test showed that OM and NRM were comparable in patients in whom either low or high plasma CMV DNA threshold (<500 vs ≥500 IU/mL) was used for PET initiation. In conclusion, CMV DNAemia was not associated with increased OM and NRM in allo‐HSCT recipients. The potential impact of PET use on mortality was not proven but merits further research.
Among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, cytomegalovirus DNAemia, considered as a qualitative variable, is not associated with increased all‐cause or nonrelapse mortality, irrespective of the threshold of CMV DNA used to trigger preemptive antiviral therapy.
The aim of a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was to assess the effect of daily supplementation with a natural extract of
L. (4 × 500 mg capsules/day; total 2 g per day) ...combined with a moderate-intensity training program (1 h session/3 times a week) on skeletal muscle fitness in adults over 50 years of age. Muscle strength assessed by isokinetic and isometric dynamometry improved significantly in the experimental (
= 23) and the placebo (
= 22) groups, but the magnitude of improvement was higher in the experimental group, with between-group differences in almost all variables, including isokinetic at 60° s
in knee extension, peak torque (
< 0.007); total work per repetition maximum (
< 0.009); isokinetic at 180°s
in knee extension, peak torque (
< 0.002); total work (
< 0.007); total work per repetition maximum (
< 0.005); average power (
< 0.027); isometric in knee extension, peak torque (
< 0.005); and average peak torque (
< 0.002). Similar findings were observed for muscle quality. Changes in quality of life (SF-36) were not found, except for improvements in the role physical (
< 0.023) and role emotional (
< 0.001) domains, likely as a result of the physical training sessions. A nutritional survey did not revealed changes in dietary habits. No adverse events were recorded. In subjects over 50 years of age, moderate-intensity strength training combined with daily supplementation for 12 weeks with a natural extract of
L. improved muscle-related variables and muscle quality. Maintaining muscle health is a key component of healthy aging.
Purpose
To compare the accuracy of implant analog positions on complete edentulous maxillary casts made of either dental stone or additive manufactured polymers using a coordinate measuring machine ...(CMM).
Material and Methods
A completely edentulous maxillary model of a patient with 7 implant analogs was obtained. From this model, two types of casts were duplicated, namely conventional dental stone (CDS) using a custom tray impression technique after splinting (N = 5) and polymer cast using additive manufacturing based on the STL file generated. Polymer casts (N = 20; n = 5 per group) were fabricated using 4 different additive manufacturing technologies (multijet printing‐MJP1, direct light processing‐DLP, stereolithography‐SLA, multijet printing‐MJP2). CMM was used to measure the correct position of each implant, and distortion was calculated for each system at x‐, y‐, and z‐axes. Measurements were repeated 3 times per specimen in each axis yielding a total of 546 measurements. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Sheffé tests, and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05).
Results
Compared to CMM, the mean distortion (μm) ranged from 22.7 to 74.9, 23.4 to 49.1, and 11.0 to 85.8 in the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes, respectively. CDS method (x‐axis: 37.1; z‐axis: 27.62) showed a significant difference compared to DLP on the x‐axis (22.7) (p = 0.037) and to MJP1 on the z‐axis (11.0) (p = 0.003). Regardless of the cast system, x‐axes showed more distortion (42.6) compared to y‐ (34.6) and z‐axes (35.97). Among additive manufacturing technologies, MJP2 presented the highest (64.3 ± 83.6), and MJP1 (21.57 ± 16.3) and DLP (27.07 ± 20.23) the lowest distortion, which was not significantly different from CDS (32.3 ± 22.73) (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
For the fabrication of the definitive casts for implant prostheses, one of the multijet printing systems and direct light processing additive manufacturing technologies showed similar results to conventional dental stone. Clinical significance: Conventional dental stone casts could be accurately duplicated using some of the additive manufacturing technologies tested.
The high morbimortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in oncohematological diseases (OHD) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in the pre-vaccine era has made vaccination a priority ...in this group. After HSCT, the immune responses against common vaccines such as tetanus, varicella, rubella, and polio may be lost. However, the loss of immunity developed by COVID-19 vaccination after HSCT has not been completely defined. In this study, both humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed in 29 individuals with OHD who were vaccinated before receiving allogeneic (
= 11) or autologous (n = 18) HSCT. All participants had low but protective levels of neutralizing IgGs against SARS-CoV-2 after HSCT despite B-cell lymphopenia and immaturity. Although antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was impaired, direct cellular cytotoxicity was similar to healthy donors in participants with autologous-HSCT, in contrast to individuals with allogeneic-HSCT, which severely deteriorated. No significant changes were observed in the immune response before and after HSCT. During follow-up, all reported post-HSCT SARS-CoV-2 infections were mild. This data emphasizes that COVID-19 vaccination is effective, necessary, and safe for individuals with OHD and also supports the persistence of some degree of immune protection after HSCT, at least in the short term, when patients cannot yet be revaccinated.
Caring for older adults is a demanding task. Some professionals may find themselves in complex situations for which they may not be prepared. However, the repercussions of these difficult experiences ...will depend on personal factors. Resilience acts as a buffer against difficulties and experiences. However, its study with first-line caregivers in nursing homes is limited. This study aimed to validate the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2 (CD-RISC2), examine its psychometric properties, and analyze the variables associated with resilience (sociodemographic and professionals´ variables)
312 nursing home professionals participated in the study. Besides the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2, they answered questionnaires about good care, burnout, quality of life, person-centered care, and well-being.
The CD-RISC2 showed adequate reliability and test-retest reliability. Good support was found for convergent validity with perceived health, person-directed care, personal growth, life purpose, quality of life and good care, and for discriminant validity with burnout.
To our knowledge, this is the first study that validates the CD-RISC2 Spanish version with front-line workers in nursing homes showing adequate psychometric properties
An abbreviated, simpler, self-assessed version may be more useful than longer versions, especially with professionals with a heavy workload, such as direct care staff in nursing homes.
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