This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of the cell‐free culture supernatant of Lactobacillus curvatus Wikim 38 (LC38‐CS) on RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and bone ...loss in a mice model of ovariectomy‐induced post‐menopausal osteoporosis. LC38‐CS inhibited the RANKL‐induced differentiation of bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) into osteoclasts in a dose‐dependent manner. F‐actin ring formation and bone resorption were also reduced by LC38‐CS treatment of RANKL‐treated BMDMs. In addition, LC38‐CS decreased the RANKL‐induced activation of the TRAF6/NF‐κB/MAPKs axis at the early stage and the expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes in BMDMs treated with RANKL. PRMT1 and ADMA levels, new biomarkers for osteoclastogenesis, were decreased by LC38‐CS treatment. The administration of LC38‐CS increased bone volume and bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice in μ‐CT analysis. These findings suggest that LC38‐CS inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation by the downregulation of molecular mechanisms and exerted anti‐osteoporotic effects.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Half of women older than 50 years will experience an osteoporosis‐related fracture in their lifetime, and thus novel therapies are needed to combat post‐menopausal bone loss. Recent studies suggest an important role for microbiota in regulating bone health. This study proposes that the administration of postbiotic of Lactobacillus curvatus Wikim 38, may be a therapeutic candidate for destructive bone diseases.
The Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS) collaboration has developed low-background NaI(Tl) crystals that are suitable for the direct detection of WIMP dark matter. Building on experience accumulated ...during the KIMS-CsI programs, the KIMS-NaI experiment will consist of a 200 kg NaI(Tl) crystal array surrounded by layers of shielding structures and will be operated at the Yangyang underground laboratory. The goal is to provide an unambiguous test of the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation signature. Measurements of six prototype crystals show progress in the reduction of internal contamination from radioisotopes. Based on our understanding of these measurements, we expect to achieve a background level in the final detector configuration that is less than 1 count/day/keV/kg for recoil energies around 2 keV. The annual modulation sensitivity for the KIMS-NaI experiment shows that an unambiguous 7
σ
test of the DAMA/LIBRA signature would be possible with a 600 kg year exposure with this system.
Background: Although recent studies suggest high accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting residual tumor extent after neo-adjuvant systemic treatment (NST), its use is still ...controversial. In this study, we aimed to identify predictive factors of MRI accuracy after NST to determine a subgroup of patients in whom the use of MRI provides best additional benefit. Materials and methods: Clinicopathologic and molecular profiles of breast cancer patients were investigated and their relationships with MRI accuracy were analyzed. Results: From January 2006 to February 2008, 195 patients received NST and preoperative MRI. In overall, MRI predicted residual tumor extent with higher accuracy than ultrasonography. Triple-negative (TN) tumors showed highest correlation between MRI-measured and pathologic tumor size (r = 0.781) when compared with other subtypes. Multivariate analysis showed age and HER2 expression status as independent factors predicting MRI accuracy. When patients were classified based on their age and HER2 status, relatively older patients (>45) with HER2-negative tumors showed highest MRI accuracy. This finding was further validated using an independent cohort of 63 consecutive patients. Conclusion: Age and HER2 status independently affected MRI accuracy after NST. This observation may guide more tailored approach in using MRI in breast cancer patients undergoing NST.
► Conventional parameter extraction methodologies were revisited for the electrical characterization of JLT devices. ► Interestingly, two slopes in the Y-function of wide planar JLT devices were ...observed. ► Vth and Vfb of JLT devices were also extracted from two peaks in dgm/dVgf and dCgc/dVgf plots. ► The unique electrical properties of JLT devices are due to bulk neutral and surface accumulation channel. ► In addition, the variation of electrical parameters with gate length, doping level and back-gating in JLTs was discussed.
Several electrical parameters characterize device performance, electron transport and doping level in MOS transistors. In this paper, Junctionless Transistors (JLTs) fabricated on (100) silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer with 145nm thick BOX and 9nm silicon thickness were considered. Parameter extraction methodologies were revisited in order to account for the unique electrical properties of JLT devices. The deduced parameters, such as threshold voltage, flat-band voltage, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), low field mobility and channel doping level, are shown to reveal the specific features of JLT compared to conventional inversion-mode transistors.
The COSINE-100 dark matter search experiment is an array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors located in the Yangyang Underground Laboratory (Y2L). To understand measured backgrounds in the NaI(Tl) crystals ...we have performed Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit and developed background models for each crystal that consider contributions from both internal and external sources, including cosmogenic nuclides. The background models are based on comparisons of measurement data with Monte Carlo simulations that are guided by a campaign of material assays and are used to evaluate backgrounds and identify their sources. The average background level for the six crystals (70 kg total mass) that are studied is 3.5 counts/day/keV/kg in the (2–6) keV energy interval. The dominant contributors in this energy region are found to be
210
Pb and
3
H.
A
bstract
Limits on the cross section for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) elastic scattering on nuclei in NaI(Tl) detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory are obtained from a ...2967.4 kg·day data exposure. The nuclei recoiling from the scattering process are identified by the pulse shape of the scintillation light signals that they produce. The data are consistent with a no nuclear-recoil hypothesis, and WIMP-mass-dependent 90% confidence-level upper-limits are set on WIMP-nuclei elastic scattering cross sections. These limits partially exclude the DAMA/LIBRA allowed region for WIMP-sodium interactions with the same NaI(Tl) target material. The 90% confidence level upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section is 3.26×10
−4
pb for a WIMP mass of 10 GeV/c
2
.
Summary
Background
It remains unclear whether initial compact lipiodol uptake after transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is associated with improved survival in patients with hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC).
Aim
To reveal the clinical relevance of compact lipiodolisation after TACE.
Methods
We studied 490 patients with unresectable HCC who had first been treated with TACE. Compact lipiodolisation was defined as the absence of an arterial enhancing lesion, reflecting complete lipiodol uptake, as assessed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) 1 month after treatment. The rate of initial compact lipiodolisation was analysed according to multiplicity and size of tumour, and survival of patients who achieved compact lipiodolisation was compared to that of patients who did not.
Results
Of the 490 patients, 409 (83.5%) were in Child–Pugh class A and 81 (16.5%) in class B. The rate of initial compact lipiodolisation in single HCCs was higher than that in multinodular HCCs (33.7% vs. 14.6%, P < 0.001). Among single HCCs, the rate of compact lipiodolisation in tumours ≤5, 5–10 and >10 cm was 46.6%, 13.6%, and 0% respectively. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of patients with compact uptake were 92.7%, 70.7% and 52.4% compared to 60.8%, 28.0% and 16.9% in patients with noncompact lipiodolisation. Multivariate analysis revealed that Child–Pugh class, alpha‐fetoprotein level, tumour node metastasis stage, portal vein thrombosis and initial compact lipiodolisation were independent predictors of survival.
Conclusions
Initial compact lipiodol uptake after transarterial chemoembolisation is associated with improved survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Accordingly, initial complete lipiodolisation should be considered a relevant therapeutic target.
Background
Few studies have investigated the incidence of anaphylaxis induced by individual or structurally similar cephalosporins. The aims of the study were to assess the incidence of ...cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis and evaluate the clinical efficacy of screening skin tests.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we obtained information on total cephalosporin use and cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis in intravenous cephalosporin recipients in 12 general hospitals between 2013 and 2015. Cephalosporins were divided into 4 groups according to similar side‐chain structures. The incidence of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis was assessed for each cephalosporin, cephalosporin generation, and side‐chain group. To verify the efficacy of screening intradermal tests (IDT) with cephalosporin, the 12 hospitals were assigned to the intervention or control group depending on whether they performed screening IDT before the administration of cephalosporins.
Results
We identified 76 cases of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis with 1 123 345 exposures to intravenous cephalosporins (6.8 per 100 000 exposures), and the incidence of fatal anaphylaxis by cephalosporin was 0.1 cases per 100 000 exposures. The highest incidences of anaphylaxis occurred in the ceftizoxime (13.0 cases per 100 000 exposures) and side‐chain group 1 (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime; 9.3 per 100 000). There was no case of anaphylaxis induced by cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefminox, and cefotiam. The clinical effectiveness of routine screening IDT was not significant (P = .06).
Conclusions
The incidence of cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis differed according to individual drugs and side‐chain structure. Screening IDT showed no clinical efficacy at a population level.
Among total 1 140 354 cephalosporin treatment courses from 12 hours hospitals, the incidence of cephalosporin induced anaphylaxis was 6.8 per 100 000 exposures and the related fatality was 1.3%. The incidence of cephalosporin induced anaphylaxis varies with each drug type, and the highest incidences of anaphylaxis occurred in the ceftizoxime (13.0 cases per 100 000 exposures). Screening intradermal tests with cephalosporin failed to show preventive effect on cephalosporin‐induced anaphylaxis.
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