To investigate the clinical situation, treatment methods, and clinical predictors of surgical intervention in children with magnetic foreign bodies in the digestive tract.
From January 2019 to June ...2022, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 72 children who ingested magnetic foreign bodies inadvertently in our hospital, including their general information, admissions, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods, as well as pertinent literature and statistical data. Following software processing, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the independent risk factors of this study.
In this study, 16 patients (22.2%) were discharged smoothly following conservative treatment and 19 patients (26.4%) were cured by gastroscopy. The remaining 37 patients (51.4%) were underwent surgery, in which 26 cases developed gastrointestinal perforation. There were statistical differences between surgery group and non- surgery group in the days of eating by mistake, clinical manifestations (nausea and vomiting, intermittent abdominal pain, abdominal muscle tension) and movement trajectory by every 24-h radiograph (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that intermittent abdominal pain and abdominal muscle tension were independent risk factors for surgical treatment.
Magnetic foreign bodies seriously endanger children's health. This study offers a single-center basis for the choice of surgical opportunity for intestinal obstruction or perforation caused by magnetic foreign bodies. Clinicians need immediate surgical intervention if the child shows symptoms of abdominal pain or abdominal tension.
Ghrelin has a protective function in the nervous system, including anti‑inflammatory and antiapoptotic. The objective of the present study was to examine the anti‑inflammatory effects of the ghrelin ...on nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) gene and protein expression in an epileptic seizure model. Epileptic seizures were induced in healthy male Wistar rats (~3 weeks old) with 300 mg/kg pilocarpine, and brains from rats with Racine stage IV or V seizures were investigated further in the present study. The effect of ghrelin treatment on TNF‑α and NF‑κB protein and mRNA expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and semi‑quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. TNF‑α and NF‑κB protein and mRNA expression were significantly increased in the pilocarpine and the pilocarpine + saline groups compared with the control group. Ghrelin intervention significantly decreased TNF‑α and NF‑κB protein and mRNA expression compared with the pilocarpine and the pilocarpine + saline groups, although it did not reduce expression levels to those seen in the normal control group. Ghrelin reduces inflammation in cortical neurons following epileptic seizure, and therefore may reduce necrosis and the loss of nerve cells, preserving the normal function of the cortex. Ghrelin may alleviate cortex inflammation reaction by adjusting the TNF‑α and NF‑κB so as to reduce child epilepsy attack repeatedly. The findings of the present study may contribute to the clarification of the role of Ghrelin in the brain in seizure‑induced immune system physiology and may also present novel approaches to the etiology and treatment of epileptic seizures.
Multiple access and transmission enhancement in support of carrier aggregation techniques has been actively studied in the 3GPP LTEAdvanced standardization process of the nextgeneration mobile ...broadband communication systems. By means of carrier aggregation, users can access a total bandwidth of up to 100 MHz in order to meet the IMT-Advanced requirements. This article first introduces and compares several uplink multiple access schemes in LTE-Advanced standard. Technical challenges arising from the use of carrier aggregation is then addressed, with focus on reference signals design for uplink transmission. Meanwhile, various candidate options are summarized and compared in terms of their system performance, computational complexity, and design flexibility. The article further proceeds to investigate the link performance with carrier aggregation, taking into account the presence of frequency offset and fast fading in the uplink channel. Numerical results are also presented, which indicate that advanced signal processing algorithms should be further studied and optimized to ensure reliable operation of the 3GPP LTE-Advanced in high mobility.
The terahertz(THz) band lies between microwave and infrared rays in wavelength and consists of non-ionizing radiation. Both domestic and foreign research institutions, including the army, have ...attached considerable importance to the research and development of THz technology because this radiation exhibits both photon-like and electron-like properties, which grant it considerable application value and potential. With the rapid development of THz technology and related applications, studies of the biological effects of THz radiation have become a major focus in the field of life sciences. Research in this field has only just begun, both at home and abroad. In this paper, research progress with respect to THz radiation, including its biological effects, mechanisms and methods of protection, will be reviewed.
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether microwave exposure would affect the N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor （NMDAR） signaling pathway to establish whether this plays a role in ...synaptic plasticity impairment.
Methods 48 male Wistar rats were exposed to 30 mW/cm^2 microwave for 10 min every other day for three times. Hippocampal structure was observed through H＆E staining and transmission electron microscope. PC12 cells were exposed to 30 mW/cm^2 microwave for 5 min and the synapse morphology was visualized with scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The release of amino acid neurotransmitters and calcium influx were detected. The expressions of several key NMDAR signaling molecules were evaluated.
Results Microwave exposure caused injury in rat hippocampal structure and PC12 cells, especially the structure and quantity of synapses. The ratio of glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitters was increased and the intracellular calcium level was elevated in PC12 cells. A significant change in NMDAR subunits （NR1, NR2A, and NR2B） and related signaling molecules （CaZ＋/calmodulin-dependent kinase II gamma and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein） were examined.
Conclusion 30 mW/cm^2 microwave exposure resulted in alterations of synaptic structure, amino acid neurotransmitter release and calcium influx. NMDAR signaling molecules were closely associated with impaired synaptic plasticity.
Background： Microwave therapy is a minimal invasive procedure and has been employed in clinical practice for the treatment of various types of cancers. However, its therapeutic application in ...non-small-cell lung cancer and the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate its effect on Lewis lung carcinoma （LLC） tumor in vivo. Methods： Fifty LLC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were adopted to assess the effect of microwave radiation on the growth and apoptosis of LLC tumor in vivo. These mice were randomly assigned to 10 groups with 5 mice in each group. Five groups were treated by single pulse microwave at different doses for different time, and the other five groups were radiated by multiple-pulse treatment of a single dose. Apoptosis of cancer cells was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of proteins. Results： Single pulse of microwave radiation for 5 min had little effect on the mice. Only 15-min microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm2 significantly increased the mice body temperature （2.20 ± 0.82）℃ as compared with the other groups （0.78 ± 0.29 ℃, 1.24 ± 0.52 ℃, 0.78 ± 0.42 ℃, respectively）, but it did not affect the apoptosis of LLC tumor cells significantly. Continous microwave radiation exposure, single dose microwave radiation once per day for up to seven days, inhibited cell division and induced apoptosis of LLC tumor cells in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. It upregulated the protein levels of p53, Caspase 3, Bax and downregulated Bcl-2 protein. Conclusions： Multiple exposures of LLC-bearing mice to microwave radiation effectively induced tumor cell apoptosis at least partly by upregulating proapoptotic proteins and downregulating antiapoptotic proteins. Continuous radiation at low microwave intensity Ibr a short time per day is promising in treating non-small-cell lung cancer.
We report an experimental investigation of the influence of surface charges on the emission polarization properties of single CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods (DRs), which is important for their ...polarization-based practical applications. By covering the single DRs with N-type semiconductor indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles, the surface of single DRs is charged by ITO through interfacial electron transfer. This is confirmed by the experimental observations of the reduced photoluminescence intensities and lifetimes as well as the suppressing blinking. It is found that the full width at half maximum of histogram of polarization degrees of the single DRs is broadened from 0.24 (on glass) to 0.41 (in ITO). In order to explain the exprimental results, the band-edge exciton fine structure of single DRs is calculated by taking into account the sample parameters, the emission polarization, and the surface charges. The calculation results show that the level ordering of the emitting states determines the polarization degrees tending to increase or decrease under the influence of surface electrons. The surface electrons can induce an increase in the spacing between the emitting levels to change the populations and thus change the polarization degrees. In addition, different numbers of surface electrons may randomly distribute on the long CdSe/CdS rods, leading to the heterogeneous influences on the single DRs causing the broadening of polarization degrees also.
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