We aim to estimate school value-added dynamically in time. Our principal motivation for doing so is to establish school effectiveness persistence while taking into account the temporal dependence ...that typically exists in school performance from one year to the next. We propose two methods of incorporating temporal dependence in value-added models. In the first we model the random school effects that are commonly present in value-added models with an auto-regressive process. In the second approach, we incorporate dependence in value-added estimators by modeling the performance of one cohort based on the previous cohort's performance. An identification analysis allows us to make explicit the meaning of the corresponding value-added indicators: based on these meanings, we show that each model is useful for monitoring specific aspects of school persistence. Furthermore, we carefully detail how value-added can be estimated over time. We show through simulations that ignoring temporal dependence when it exists results in diminished efficiency in value-added estimation while incorporating it results in improved estimation (even when temporal dependence is weak). Finally, we illustrate the methodology by considering two cohorts from Chile's national standardized test in mathematics.We aim to estimate school value-added dynamically in time. Our principal motivation for doing so is to establish school effectiveness persistence while taking into account the temporal dependence that typically exists in school performance from one year to the next. We propose two methods of incorporating temporal dependence in value-added models. In the first we model the random school effects that are commonly present in value-added models with an auto-regressive process. In the second approach, we incorporate dependence in value-added estimators by modeling the performance of one cohort based on the previous cohort's performance. An identification analysis allows us to make explicit the meaning of the corresponding value-added indicators: based on these meanings, we show that each model is useful for monitoring specific aspects of school persistence. Furthermore, we carefully detail how value-added can be estimated over time. We show through simulations that ignoring temporal dependence when it exists results in diminished efficiency in value-added estimation while incorporating it results in improved estimation (even when temporal dependence is weak). Finally, we illustrate the methodology by considering two cohorts from Chile's national standardized test in mathematics.
Specific criteria/considerations for inclusion of new data include the following: publication in a peer-reviewed journal; large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial(s); nonrandomized data deemed ...important on the basis of results affecting current safety and efficacy assumptions; strength/weakness of research methodology and findings; likelihood of additional studies influencing current findings; impact on current and/or likelihood of need to develop new performance measure(s); request(s) and requirement(s) for review and update from the practice community, key stakeholders, and other sources free of relationships with industry or other potential bias; number of previous trials showing consistent results; and need for consistency with a new guideline or guideline revisions. Reviewer Representation Consultant Speaker's Bureau Ownership/Partnership/Principal Personal Research Institutional, Organizational, or Other Financial Benefit Expert Witness Hugh Calkins Official Reviewer-HRS and ACCF/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Medtronic None None Medtronic* None None A. John Camm Official Reviewer-ACCF Board of Trustees ARYx Pharmaceuticals Boehringer Ingelheim Daiichi Sankyo Medtronic Portola Pharmaceuticals None None None None 2009, Plaintiff arbitration procedure Christopher B. Granger Official Reviewer-AHA AstraZeneca Boehringer Ingelheim Bristol-Myers Squibb None None AstraZeneca* Boehringer Ingelheim Bristol-Myers Squibb* None None Jonathan L. Halperin Official Reviewer-AHA and ACCF/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines Lead Reviewer Boehringer Ingelheim Daiichi Sankyo Portola Pharmaceuticals None None None None None Bradley P. Knight Official Reviewer-HRS None Medtronic* None Medtronic* None None Allen J. Solomon Official Reviewer-ACCF Board of Governors None None None None None None Ralph G. Brindis Content Reviewer None None None None None None Mark S. Link Content Reviewer None None None None None None Frederick A. Masoudi Content Reviewer-ACCF/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures None None None None None None Robert L. McNamara Content Reviewer-ACCF/AHA Atrial Fibrillation Data Standards Committee Boehringer Ingelheim None None None None 2010, Defendant anticoagulation Paul J. Wang Content Reviewer-ACCF Electrophysiology Committee Medtronic None None None None None Appendix 2 Reviewer Relationships With Industry and Other Entities--2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update on the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (Update on Dabigatran) This table represents the relationships of reviewers with industry and other entities that were disclosed at the time of peer review and determined to be relevant.
Abstract
Objective
To compare the effectiveness of 2 clinical decision support (CDS) tools to avoid prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with heart failure (HF): ...a “commercial” and a locally “customized” alert.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2 CDS tools implemented within a large integrated health system. The commercial CDS tool was designed according to third-party drug content and EHR vendor specifications. The customized CDS tool underwent a user-centered design process informed by implementation science principles, with input from a cross disciplinary team. The customized CDS tool replaced the commercial CDS tool. Data were collected from the electronic health record via analytic reports and manual chart review. The primary outcome was effectiveness, defined as whether the clinician changed their behavior and did not prescribe an NSAID.
Results
A random sample of 366 alerts (183 per CDS tool) was evaluated that represented 355 unique patients. The commercial CDS tool was effective for 7 of 172 (4%) patients, while the customized CDS tool was effective for 81 of 183 (44%) patients. After adjusting for age, chronic kidney disease, ejection fraction, NYHA class, concurrent prescription of an opioid or acetaminophen, visit type (inpatient or outpatient), and clinician specialty, the customized alerts were at 24.3 times greater odds of effectiveness compared to the commercial alerts (OR: 24.3 CI: 10.20–58.06).
Conclusion
Investing additional resources to customize a CDS tool resulted in a CDS tool that was more effective at reducing the total number of NSAID orders placed for patients with HF compared to a commercially available CDS tool.
...sections on epidemiology, mechanisms and substrates, and clinical presentations are brief, because there are no recommendations for those sections. Guidant Medtronic Abbott Johnson & Johnson Dr. ...Mark Carlson *Content Reviewer--ACCF Clinical EP Committee None None *Atricure None Atricure Cameron Health St. Jude Medical St. Jude Medical Dr. Paolo Della Bella *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Andrew Epstein *Content Reviewer--ACC/AHA/HRS Pacemaker Guidelines Guidant Medtronic St. Jude Medical Guidant Medtronic St. Jude Medical None None None Dr. Sharon Hunt *Content Reviewer--ACC/AHA HF Guidelines, ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines None None None None None Dr. Guillaume Jondeau *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Alan Kadish *Content Reviewer--Individual Reviewer St. Jude Medical St. Jude Medical Medtronic St. Jude Medical None None Dr. Cecilia Linde *Content Reviewer--ESC *Medtronic None None None *St. Jude Medical Dr. Jonathan Linder *Content Reviewer--ACCF Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents None None *Targeson None None Dr. Christine Albert *Content Reviewer--AHA, ECG & Arrhythmias Committee None None None None None Dr. Carina Blomstrom-Lundquist *Content Reviewer--ESC, ACC/AHA/ESC Supraventricular Arrhythmias Guidelines None None None None None Dr. Ali Oto *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Alexander Parkomenko *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Richard Sutton *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Josep Brugada Terradellas *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Panos Vardas *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. Sami Viskin *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. David Wilber *Content Reviewer--Individual Reviewer Biosense/Webster BAND Guidant Medtronic St. Jude Medical *Medtronic None None Biosense/Webster Guidant Dr. Antonio ZaZa *Content Reviewer--ESC None None None None None Dr. L. Brent Mitchell *Organizational Reviewer--HRS None None None None None Dr. Thomas Munger *Organizational Reviewer--HRS None None None None None APPENDIX 2 External Peer Review Relationships With Industry for the ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death This table represents the relevant relationships of peer reviewers with industry to this topic that were disclosed at the time of peer review of this guideline.
ABSTRACT
V3890 Sgr is a recurrent nova that has been seen in outburst three times so far, with the most recent eruption occurring on 2019 August 27 ut. This latest outburst was followed in detail by ...the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, from less than a day after the eruption until the nova entered the Sun observing constraint, with a small number of additional observations after the constraint ended. The X-ray light curve shows initial hard shock emission, followed by an early start of the supersoft source phase around day 8.5, with the soft emission ceasing by day 26. Together with the peak blackbody temperature of the supersoft spectrum being ∼100 eV, these timings suggest the white dwarf mass to be high, $\sim 1.3\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$. The UV photometric light curve decays monotonically, with the decay rate changing a number of times, approximately simultaneously with variations in the X-ray emission. The UV grism spectra show both line and continuum emission, with emission lines of N, C, Mg, and O being notable. These UV spectra are best dereddened using a Small Magellanic Cloud extinction law. Optical spectra from SMARTS show evidence of interaction between the nova ejecta and wind from the donor star, as well as the extended atmosphere of the red giant being flash-ionized by the supersoft X-ray photons. Data from NICER reveal a transient 83 s quasi-periodic oscillation, with a modulation amplitude of 5 per cent, adding to the sample of novae that show such short variabilities during their supersoft phase.
•We employ UTAUT and test the moderating role of sex and TR in understanding student beliefs for using SNS for ISMs.•Social influence emerged as a significant predictor.•Males and high TR respondents ...are driven by interpersonal communications.•Females and low TR respondents are driven by effort expectancy.•Significant differences were found among the TR segments with regard to sex.
An understanding of students’ use of social networking sites (SNS) for expressive participation in Internet Social Movements (ISMs) is absent in the literature on the social psychology of student social networking behavior. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as a theoretical framework and survey data collected from 214 students in Spain, we empirically test the UTAUT theory in this context. Our results confirm that effort expectancy, social influence, and performance expectancy significantly affect students’ intentions to use SNS for expressive participation in Internet social movements. We also test the moderating effect of students’ sex and Technology Readiness (TR) on these UTAUT relationships. Our results show that the intention to use SNS is strongly influenced by effort expectancy for female students and students with self-reported low-levels of technology readiness. For male students and students with self-reportinghigh-levels of technology readiness, the relationship is strongly influenced by social influence. The implications of our findings for theory and practice are discussed.
A fraction of total cellular tissue factor procoagulant activity remains masked or “encrypted” in intact cells. Decryption of this activity partly involves the extracellular exposure of anionic ...phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine. Because of the potential association of tissue factor and phospholipid scramblase activity with lipid rafts, we have explored the role of lipid rafts in regulating factor VIIa/tissue factor activity. In HEK293 cells, tissue factor antigen was not stably associated with lipid rafts, yet disruption of rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin resulted in a 3-fold stimulation of tissue factor procoagulant activity. Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin was not associated with cytotoxicity and did not result in the exposure of additional tissue factor antigen. Factor VIIa/tissue factor activity decrypted with methyl-β-cyclodextrin was quantitatively similar to that obtained by using lytic concentrations of octyl glucoside but more sensitive to inhibition by cell surface tissue factor pathway inhibitor and the phospholipid binding protein, annexin V. Partial decryption of tissue factor was achieved with methyl-β-cyclodextrin prior to complete disruption of lipid rafts, suggesting the role of an enzyme localized to lipid rafts in the transbilayer transport of phosphatidylserine. We conclude that lipid rafts are required for the maintenance of cellular tissue factor in an encrypted state. (Blood. 2004;103:3038-3044)
Abstract
We report the Fermi LAT
γ
-ray detection of the 2021 outburst of the symbiotic recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. In this system, unlike classical novae from cataclysmic binaries, the ejecta from ...the white dwarf form shocks when interacting with the dense circumstellar wind environment of the red giant companion. We find the LAT spectra from 50 MeV to ∼20–23 GeV, the highest-energy photons detected in some subintervals, are consistent with
π
0
-decay emission from shocks in the ejecta as proposed by Tatischeff & Hernanz for its previous 2006 outburst. The LAT light curve displayed a fast rise to its peak >0.1 GeV flux of ≃6 × 10
−6
ph cm
−2
s
−1
beginning on day 0.745 after its optically constrained eruption epoch of 2021 August 8.50. The peak lasted for ∼1 day and exhibited a power-law decline up to the final LAT detection on day 45. We analyze the data on shorter timescales at early times and found evidence of an approximate doubling of emission over ∼200 minutes at day 2.2, possibly indicating a localized shock-acceleration event. Comparing the data collected by the American Association of Variable Star Observers, we measured a constant ratio of ∼ 2.8 × 10
−3
between the
γ
-ray and optical luminosities except for a ∼5×smaller ratio within the first day of the eruption likely indicating attenuation of
γ
rays by ejecta material and lower high-energy proton fluxes at the earliest stages of the shock development. The hard X-ray emission due to bremsstrahlung from shock-heated gas traced by the Swift-XRT 2–10 keV light curve peaked at day ∼6, later than at GeV and optical energies. Using X-ray derived temperatures to constrain the velocity profile, we find the hadronic model reproduces the observed >0.1 GeV light curve.
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