In order to understand of the processes controlling phytoplankton successions in the NE Black Sea, long-term data series are needed. We compiled 15 years (2002–2017) of measurements from which the ...existence emerges of a tight link between phytoplankton species dominance and nutrients concentrations. The latter is strongly influenced by wind direction. The link between algal dominance and nutrients is mediated by the growth strategy adopted by algal species. In spring, when nutrients are abundant, small diatoms such as Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima, with a “rapid growth strategy”, prevail. In late spring and early summer, when N is low and P and Si are high, coccolithophorids such as Emiliania huxhleyi dominate, thanks to an “affinity growth strategy”. Large diatoms, especially Pseudosolenia calcar-avis, dominate in summer and autumn, when their “storage growth strategy” allows the exploitation of discontinuous upwelling of nutrients. These seasonal changes of dominant species influence the structure of the food web.
•A 15-years data series was used to describe phytoplankton dynamics in the Black Sea.•The seasonal changes of phytoplankton are primarily driven by nutrients and winds.•The growth strategy determines species dominance in different nutritional regimes.
We compared membrane permeabilization by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) in HEK293 cells with and without assembled CaV1.3 L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC). Individual cells were ...subjected to one 300-ns pulse at 0 (sham exposure); 1.4; 1.8; or 2.3 kV/cm, and membrane permeabilization was evaluated by measuring whole-cell currents and by optical monitoring of cytosolic Ca2+. nsPEF had either no effect (0 and 1.4 kV/cm), or caused a lasting (>80 s) increase in the membrane conductance in about 50% of cells (1.8 kV/cm), or in all cells (2.3 kV/cm). The conductance pathway opened by nsPEF showed strong inward rectification, with maximum conductance increase for the inward current at the most negative membrane potentials. Although these potentials were below the depolarization threshold for VGCC activation, the increase in conductance in cells which expressed VGCC (VGCC+ cells) was about twofold greater than in cells which did not (VGCC− cells). Among VGCC+ cells, the nsPEF-induced increase in membrane conductance showed a positive correlation with the amplitude of VGCC current measured in the same cells prior to nsPEF exposure. These findings demonstrate that the expression of VGCC makes cells more susceptible to membrane permeabilization by nsPEF. Time-lapse imaging of nsPEF-induced Ca2+ transients confirmed permeabilization by a single 300-ns pulse at 1.8 or 2.3 kV/cm, but not at 1.4 kV/cm, and the transients were expectedly larger in VGCC+ cells. However, it remains to be established whether larger transients reflected additional Ca2+ entry through VGCC, or were a result of more severe electropermeabilization of VGCC+ cells.
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•300-ns pulses at 1.8 and 2.3 kV/cm caused permeabilization in HEK2913 cells.•The increase in inwardly rectifying membrane conductance persisted for over 80 s.•Effect was stronger in cells which expressed more voltage gated Ca2+ channels.•Exposure caused lasting inhibition of voltage-gated current through Ca2+ channels.
Metastatic disease is a major and difficult-to-treat complication of lung cancer. Considering insufficient effectiveness of existing therapies and taking into account the current problem of lung ...cancer chemoresistance, it is necessary to continue the development of new treatments.
Previously, we have demonstrated the antitumor effects of reprogrammed CD8
T-cells (rCD8
T-cells) from the spleen in mice with orthotopic lung carcinoma. Reprogramming was conducted by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway through MEKi and the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1. Concurrently, CD8
T-cells were trained in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. We suggested that rCD8
T-cells isolated from the spleen might impede the development of metastatic disease.
The present study has indicated that the reprogramming procedure enhances the survival and cytotoxicity of splenic CD8
T-cells in LLC culture. In an LLC model of spontaneous metastasis, splenic rCD8 + T-cell therapy augmented the numbers of CD8
T-cells and CD4
T-cells in the lungs of mice. These changes can account for the partial reduction of tumors in the lungs and the mitigation of metastatic activity.
Our proposed reprogramming method enhances the antitumor activity of CD8
T-cells isolated from the spleen and could be valuable in formulating an approach to treating metastatic disease in patients with lung cancer.
We studied the effects of the extract of the terrestrial part of
Aconitum baicalense
in BALB/c female mice at the early stages after the injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The extract reduced ...inflammatory activity and tumor growth in the mammary gland. The antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract are based on the inhibition of cancer stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and hematopoietic progenitor cells that promote inflammation. The extract of
A. baicalense
disrupted the recruitment of epithelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis precursors to the mammary gland preventing neovascularization and transformation of epithelial cells into tumor cells.
Abstract
The article addresses the relevant issue of today – digitalization of geographic higher education. The future of geographic education in the digital world depends on the use of digital ...technologies, which are dramatically changing approaches to teaching geography. The generalization of scientific literature and the analysis of pedagogical experience allow the authors to define the concept digitalization of geographic. The article explores some challenges in the implementation of digital technologies in geographic disciplines in higher education: narrowing geographic education digitalization to the use of various gadgets; the application of general purpose digital technologies; underestimation of GIS technologies during the study of geography; occasional use of VR, AR technologies and mobile applications of geographic and cartographic content; the lack of educational and methodological support and proper technological availability. The authors pay special attention to the prospects for the development of geographic education digitalization, which are envisioned in the introduction of “Digitalization of geographic education” into the curriculum of future geography teachers training; the use of high-quality free educational resources (ArcGIS Online, QGIS); the creation of own geo-information platforms (“Digital Geography”); and updating of the material and technical base of the scientific research laboratory on the methodology of teaching geo-information technologies.
Various stem cells were studied in female BALB/c mice at the early terms after administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to search early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. At these terms, ...damage to the epithelium and endothelium, inflammation, and fibrosis were observed in the mammary gland, but the tumor was not detected. Cancer stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), hematopoietic progenitor cells, angiogenic precursors, and epithelial progenitor cells were found in the blood and mammary gland. Cancer stem cells (CD44
+
CD24
—
) are proposed as the early diagnostic marker of breast cancer, and short-living HSC, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and angiogenic precursors (CD45—CD117
+
FLK-1
+
) as predictors of the formation of tumor microenvironment.
The responses of tumor stem cells and various populations of CD4 and CD8 T cells of young and aged C57BL/6 mice were studied in a lung cancer model. Using Lewis lung carcinoma cell line, an ...orthotopic model of lung cancer was modeled. Cancer stem cells, circulating tumor cells, and various populations of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the blood and lung tissue were studied by cytometry. We revealed age-related differences in the content of various populations of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the blood and lungs of intact young and aged mice. Age-related features of the reaction of various populations of cancer stem cells and CD4 and CD8 T cells in the blood and lungs of animals in the Lewis lung carcinoma were shown.
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