Infectious virus outbreaks pose a significant challenge to public healthcare systems. Early and accurate virus diagnosis is critical to prevent the spread of the virus, especially when no specific ...vaccine or effective medicine is available. In clinics, the most commonly used viral detection methods are molecular techniques that involve the measurement of nucleic acids or proteins biomarkers. However, most clinic‐based methods require complex infrastructure and expensive equipment, which are not suitable for low‐resource settings. Over the past years, smartphone‐based point‐of‐care testing (POCT) has rapidly emerged as a potential alternative to laboratory‐based clinical diagnosis. This review summarizes the latest development of virus detection. First, laboratory‐based and POCT‐based viral diagnostic techniques are compared, both of which rely on immunosensing and nucleic acid detection. Then, various smartphone‐based POCT diagnostic techniques, including optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and other types of biosensors are discussed. Moreover, this review covers the development of smartphone‐based POCT diagnostics for various viruses including COVID‐19, Ebola, influenza, Zika, HIV, et al. Finally, the prospects and challenges of smartphone‐based POCT diagnostics are discussed. It is believed that this review will aid researchers better understand the current challenges and prospects for achieving the ultimate goal of containing disease‐causing viruses worldwide.
This review summarizes the latest development of virus detection techniques, with the special focus on smartphone‐based viral diagnostics whose advances have enabled laboratory‐based molecular detections to be performed with plug‐and‐play stand‐alone devices. Discussion on challenges and future perspectives of smartphone‐based viral diagnostics is highlighted, which might push the development of mobile diagnostics forward with scientific and available guidance.
The development of cost-effective, portable, and ease-of-use sensing system for on-site genetic diagnostics is highly desirable for pathogen screening and infectious disease diagnosis. This study ...develops (1) a paper-based biochip which is able to integrate the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocols for simultaneous detection of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7,
Salmonella
spp., and
Staphylococcus aureus
, and (2) a stand-alone smartphone-based portable device which can control exactly 65 °C for isothermal amplification as well as collect and analyze the thus generated fluorescence signals. The reported sensing system has been successfully demonstrated for foodborne pathogen detection with a limit of detection of 2.8 × 10
−5
ng μL
−1
. Spiked milk samples with concentration as low as 10 CFU mL
−1
were successfully determined within 4 h, demonstrating the practicality of the reported sensing system in the fields. The reported sensing system featuring simplicity and reliability is ideally suited for genetic diagnostics in low resource settings.
Graphical abstract
We have proposed a signal dual-amplification electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) as chromophores confined with three-dimensional (3D) zinc ...oxalate metal−organic frameworks (Ru(bpy)32+@MOFs) for the detection of miRNA-21. The three-dimensional chromophore connectivity in zinc oxalate MOFs provided a network among Ru(bpy)32+ units, shielding the chromophores from solvent molecules and resulting in high Ru(II) complex emission efficiency. Additionally, we discovered that magnetic beads (MBs) used as carrier for enriched signals contribute to enhanced ECL intensity of the chromophore. To evaluate its clinical application, we applied this method to determine the concentration of miRNA-21 solutions ranging from 1.56 to 100 nM, obtaining a calibration curve of ECL intensity versus logarithm of concentration (logC) of miRNA-21 with a high correlation coefficient. This work demonstrates the construction of a signal amplification strategy ECL biosensor for miRNA using Ru(bpy)32+@MOF systems and its application in ECL detection for analyte methodology.
Display omitted
•A smartphone-based ECL device for point-of-need quantitation of the breast cancer tumor marker miRNA-21 was designed.•A signal dual-amplification ECL strategy based on Ru(bpy)32+@MOFs for the sensitive detection of miRNA-21 was developed.•Magnetic beads used as carrier for enriched signals contribute to enhanced ECL intensity of the chromophore.•The sensor was used to detection of miRNA in normal human serum samples.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) technology is highly desirable for clinical diagnosis, healthcare monitoring, food safety inspection, and environment surveillance, because it enables rapid detection ...anywhere, anytime, and by anyone. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been widely used in chemo-/bio analysis due to its advantages such as high sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity and easy to control, and is now attracting increasing attention for POCT applications. However, to realize the accurate on-site quantitation, it is still challenging to develop portable devices which can precisely collect, analyze, transmit and display the ECL signals. This review will focus on how to develop a portable ECL device by summarizing recent examples and analyzing their key components part by part. Then the possible solutions to the existing challenges in the development and applications of portable ECL devices are summarized and discussed in detail, followed by offering future perspectives. We attempted to provide an appealing viewpoint to inspire interested researchers to comprehend and explore portable ECL sensing systems for practical applications and even commercialization.
This review focus on how to develop a portable ECL device by summarizing recent examples and analyzing their key components part by part. Then the possible solutions to the existing challenges in the development and applications of portable ECL devices are summarized and discussed in detail, followed by offering future perspectives.
Display omitted
Point-of-care testing(POCT)technology is highly desirable for clinical diagnosis,healthcare monitoring,food safety inspection,and environment surveillance,because it enables rapid detection ...anywhere,any-time,and by anyone.Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)has been widely used in chemo-/bio analysis due to its advantages such as high sensitivity,simplicity,rapidity and easy to control,and is now attracting increasing attention for POCT applications.However,to realize the accurate on-site quantitation,it is still challenging to develop portable devices which can precisely collect,analyze,transmit and display the ECL signals.This review will focus on how to develop a portable ECL device by summarizing recent examples and analyzing their key components part by part.Then the possible solutions to the existing challenges in the development and applications of portable ECL devices are summarized and discussed in detail,followed by offering future perspectives.We attempted to provide an appealing viewpoint to inspire in-terested researchers to comprehend and explore portable ECL sensing systems for practical applications and even commercialization.
Virtual reality technology is an important direction of information technology development in the world today, and it has a wide range of applications in scientific research, teaching field and ...medical treatment. With the continuous development of computer technology, virtual reality technology has become one of the hot spots of research today, and it plays an important role in the virtual world. There are many ways to simulate the real earth environment at home and abroad. For example: using models for simulation, combining the results of simulation with the actual situation; identifying problems and solving them through the analysis of experimental phenomena and data, all these means can achieve good results, etc. However, the conclusions obtained by these means are often based on a large number of repeated experiments, while the actual situation is often complex and variable. When studying the design of virtual reality media interaction in this context, various factors need to be considered to have an impact on the results. In this paper, through the study of virtual reality training calculation system, using MATLAB, the prototype of partial differential equation numerical calculation, the application of the model in the virtual reality system has theoretical significance, at the same time this is also the basic method that can be referred to when studying practical problems.
This paper presents a simplified one-step method for preparing high-strength and degradable films, significantly enhancing the reuse value of waste cellulose fibers. By precisely controlling water ...evaporation, we successfully achieved partial dissolution of viscose fiber in ionic liquid (BMIMCl). This enabled the bonding of fiber surfaces, resulting in the formation of all-cellulose composite films through a straightforward thermal “welding” process. The film properties can be further improved by modifying the coagulation bath composition. We conducted a comprehensive study on the morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of all-cellulose composite films regenerated from different coagulation baths. XRD analysis revealed the coexistence of cellulose crystal phases I and II in the films. These composite films exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 25 MPa and a breaking elongation of 32% for the film regenerated in PEG coagulation bath. Moreover, the films demonstrated good thermal stability, resistance to chemical reagents, and a high light transmission rate of 80%. In a soil landfill degradation experiment spanning 90 days, the films exhibited a degradation rate of 93.4%. These films hold significant potential for applications in the field of specialized packaging materials. Overall, our work provides a promising and environmentally friendly approach for the recycling of waste cellulosic materials.
Display omitted
•The green solvent-ionic liquid (BMIMCl) was used to enable the rapid and high-value reuse of disposable cellulose fabric.•The self-strengthening of cellulose fabric was achieved through a micro-dissolving thermal “welding” process, which is cleaner, simpler, and more efficient.•The all-cellulose composite film was toughened by utilizing the polymer penetration method in the coagulation bath.
Both dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) have worldwide-scale commercial applications, resulting in their co-pollution in the ecosystems and posing ...combined health risks. However, there is a lack of toxicity studies for the interactions of DDT and TiO2 NP in the environmental relevant concentrations. In this study, we characterized the coexposures using a zebrafish waterborne exposure approach and evaluated the neurotoxicity response of the treated embryos or adults. Our results showed that DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure enhanced the DDT accumulation in vivo and increased the larval locomotor. The chronic DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure did not affect the overall survival rate, sex ratio and growth. However, DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure severely affected the adult locomotor activity, social contact, shoaling and aggressive behaviors compared to single treatment groups or controls. These adult behavioral deficits were accompanied by changes in neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) level in the brain and muscle tissues, as well as neural development genes expression activation of growth-associated protein 43 (gap43) and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (sv2) in the brain. The significantly increased ACH level and the activated neural genes expression in the DDT/TiO2 NP co-exposed fish may account for the observed hyperactivity and social deficits.
•DDT/TiO2 NP coexposure enhanced the compound bio-accumulation in zebrafish.•The coexposure induced zebrafish hyperactivity and social deficit.•The activation of neurotransmitter ACH and neural genes accounted for neurotoxicity.
