Migrating birds optimization (MBO) is a newly reported metaheuristic that has been proved effective in dealing with combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we propose an enhanced MBO ...(EMBO) to solve a lot-streaming flow shop scheduling problem with setup times, in which job-splitting and job scheduling are considered simultaneously. The objective is to minimize the makespan. In EMBO, a two-stage vector is employed to represent solutions in the swarm. Borrowing idea from artificial bee colony, a special neighbor structure is designed to create new candidates. Moreover, attempting to jump out of the local best, a new solution update scheme is introduced. Numerical tests are conducted and comparisons with other recent algorithms show the superiority of the proposed EMBO.
The multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP) is a famous NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with strong engineering backgrounds. In this paper, we propose an improved migrating birds ...optimization (IMBO) to solve the MKP. In IMBO, to guarantee the initial swarm with a certain level of quality and diversity, we generate some meaningful solutions while other individuals are constructed randomly. In addition, considering the characteristics of MBO and MKP, an effective sharing scheme (NSS) is designed to deliver useful information to the following individual. Numerical experiments are performed and comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IMBO for solving the MKP.
Fruit Fly algorithm (FFO) is a recently reported metaheuristics originally designed for function optimization problems. This paper proposes an effective FFO to solve the hybrid flowshop scheduling ...(HFS) problem with the aim of makespan optimization (minimization). In presented FFO, we utilize the permutation-based representation and operators. The presented FFO can directly explore the discrete solution space of the HFS problem. Extensive comparisons are carried out with well-known meta-heuristics. The results show that the developed FFO is very effective for the considered HFS problem.
To investigate the obstructive site and the dynamic change of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) during sleep and wakefulness.
After being deprived of ...sleeping for 20 hours, sequential midline sagittal images of the upper airway were obtained in 21 patients during sleep and wakefulness with dynamic MRI. The obstructive state was studied according to hypopnea (< 10 s) and apnea (> or = 10 s). The length of obstruction site was measured and the dynamic characteristics of obstruction was observed. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test.
The obstruction at the level of the palatopharynx in patients with hypopnea during wakefulness was similar to that in patients with apnea during sleep. The maximal length (6.61 +/- 1.23) cm, the minimal length (0.95 +/- 0.22) cm and maximal length difference (5.66 +/- 1.27) cm related to apnea during sleep were longer than those correlated with hypopnea (2.99 +/- 0.51) cm, (0.72 +/- 0.23) cm, (2.27 +/- 0.67) c
To investigate the effect of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) on oxidation-antioxidation function of rat nerve tissues.
Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, the low-dosage ...exposure group and the high-dosage group, 10 rats each. The rats of the two exposure groups were administered with CS(2) by gavage at a dosage of 300 or 500 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1), 5 times every week for continuous 12 weeks. The alterations in glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), hydrogen peroxidase (CAT) and total anti-oxidation (T-AOC) in cerebrum, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve of CS(2)-treated animals were assayed.
The results showed that the contents of MDA and ROS in nerve tissues of CS(2)-treated groups increased significantly except ROS in spinal cord and sciatic nerve of low dose group. The content of MDA was increased by 20.7% and 33.6% respectively in the cerebrum of the rats of the low-dosage group and the high-dosa
To investigate the effect of IL-17 on the expression of collagen I/III in cardiac fibroblasts and analyze its molecular mechanism.
Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from 7-14-day-old BALB/c mice and ...cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were collected after IL-17 treatment for 0, 24, 48, 72 h. IL-17 receptors on cardiac fibroblasts were detected by PCR; the collagen I/III expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence; the PKCβ, Erk1/2, NF-κB phosphorylation were investigated by Western blotting.
IL-17RA/C was expressed on cardiac fibroblasts; after 24 h of IL-17 stimulation, the collagen I/III expression obviously increased; Western blotting showed that PKCβ, Erk1/2 and NF-κB were phosphorylated on 30, 45, 45 min, respectively.
IL-17 could induce the expression of collagen I/III in cardiac fibroblasts, which might be related with PKCβ-ERK1/2-NF-κB phosphorylation.
The molecular mechanisms of aluminum (Al) toxicity and tolerance in plants have been the focus of ongoing research in the area of stress phytophysiology. Recent studies have described Al-induced ...apoptosis-like cell death in plant and animal cells. In this study, we show that yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) exposed to low effective concentrations of Al for short times undergoes enhanced cell division in a manner that is dose and cell density dependent. At higher concentrations of Al or longer exposure times, Al induces cell death and growth inhibition. Several apoptotic features appear during Al treatment, including cell shrinkage, vacuolation, chromatin marginalization, nuclear fragmentation, DNA degradation, and DNA strand breaks, as well as concomitant cell aggregation. Yeast strains expressing Ced-9, Bcl-2, and PpBI-1 (a plant Bax inhibitor-1 isolated from Phyllostachys praecox), respectively, display more resistance to Al toxicity compared with control cells. Data from flow cytometric studies show these three antiapoptotic members do not affect reactive oxygen species levels, but decrease calcium ion (Ca(2+)) signals in response to Al stress, although both intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) levels were increased. The data presented suggest that manipulation of the negative regulation process of programmed cell death may provide a novel mechanism for conferring Al tolerance.
O1 Changes in peripheral refraction associated with decreased ocular axial growth rate in marmosets
Alexandra Benavente-Perez, Ann Nour, Tobin Ansel, Kathleen Abarr, Luying Yan, Keisha Roden, David ...Troilo
O2 PPARα activation suppresses myopia development by increasing scleral collagen synthesis--a new drug target to suppress myopia development
Chanyi Lu, Miaozhen Pan, Min Zheng, Jia Qu, Xiangtian Zhou
O3 Evidence and possibilities for local ocular growth regulating signal pathways
Christine F Wildsoet
O4 Myopia researches at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Fan Lu, Xiangtian Zhou, Jie Chen, Jinhua Bao, Liang Hu, Qinmei Wang, Zibing Jin, Jia Qu
O5 Color, temporal contrast and myopia
Frances Rucker, Stephanie Britton, Stephan Hanowsky, Molly Spatcher
O6 The impact of atropine usage on visual function and reading performance in myopic school children in Taiwan
Hui-Ying Kuo, Ching-Hsiu Ke, I-Hsin Kuo, Chien-Chun Peng, Han-Yin Sun
O7 Increased time outdoors prevents the onset of myopia: evidence from randomised clinical trials
Ian G Morgan
O8 Environmental risk factors and gene-environment interactions for myopia in the ALSPAC cohort
Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Rupal L. Shah, Cathy Williams
O9 Retinal metabolic profiling identifies declines in FP receptor-linked signaling as contributors to form-deprived myopic development in guinea pigs
Jinglei Yang, Peter S. Reinach, Sen Zhang, Miaozhen Pan, Wenfeng Sun, Bo Liu, Xiangtian Zhou
O10 The study of peripheral refraction in moderate and high myopes after one month of wearing orthokeratology lens
Jun Jiang, Haoran Wu, Fan Lu
O11 Axial length of school children around the earth’s equatorial area and factors affecting the axial length
Kazuo Tsubota, Hiroko Ozawa, Hidemasa Torii, Shigemasa Takamizawa, Toshihide Kurihara, Kazuno Negishi
O12 Processing of defocus in the chicken retina by retinal ganglion cells
Klaus Graef, Daniel Rathbun, Frank Schaeffel
O13 Blue SAD light protects against form deprivation myopia in chickens, by local signaling within the retina
Ladan Ghodsi, William K. Stell
O14 Contributions of ON and OFF pathways to emmetropization and form deprivation myopia in mice
Machelle T. Pardue, Ranjay Chakraborty, Han na Park, Curran S. Sidhu, P. Michael Iuvone
O15 Response of the human choroid to defocus
Michael J Collins
O16 What can RNA sequencing tell us about myopic sclera?
Nethrajeith Srinvasalu, Sally A McFadden, Paul N Baird
O17 Overview of dopamine, retinal function, and myopia
P. Michael Iuvone
O18 The eye as a "robust" optical system and myopia
Pablo Artal
O19 Effect of discontinuation of orthokeratology lens wear on axial elongation in children
Pauline Cho, SW Cheung
O20 Myopia prevention in Taiwan
Pei-Chang Wu
O21 Alternatives to ultraviolet light and riboflavin for in vivo crosslinking of scleral collagen
Quan V. Hoang, Sally A. McFadden
O22 Absence of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) alters normal refractive development in mice
Ranjay Chakraborty, Duk C. Lee, Erica G. Landis, Michael A. Bergen, Curran Sidhu, Samer Hattar, P. Michael Iuvone, Richard A. Stone, Machelle T. Pardue
O23 Scleral micro-RNAs in myopia development and their potential as therapeutic targets
Ravi Metlapally
O24 Effects of the long-wavelength filtered continuous spectrum on emmetropization in juvenile guinea pigs
Ruiqin Li, Qinglin Xu, Hong Zhon, Chenglin Pan, Weizhon Lan, Xiaoning Li, Ling Chen, Zhikuan Yang
O25 Ocular and environmental factors associated with eye growth in childhood
Scott A. Read
O26 Overview- prevention and prediction of myopia and pathologic myopia
Seang-Mei Saw
O27 New insights into the roles of retinal dopamine in form-deprivation myopia and refractive development in C57BL/6 mice
Shi-Jun Weng, Xiao-Hua Wu, Kang-Wei Qian, Yun-Yun Li, Guo-Zhong Xu, Furong Huang, Xiangtian Zhou, Jia Qu, Xiong-Li Yang, Yong-Mei Zhong
O28 The effects of the adenosine antagonist, 7-methylxanthine, on refractive development in rhesus monkeys
Earl L Smith III, Baskar Arumugam, Li-Fang Hung, Lisa A. Ostrin, Klaus Trier, Monica Jong, Brien A. Holden
O29 Application of SWATH™ based next generation proteomics (NGP) in studying eye growth: opportunities and challenges
Thomas Chuen Lam, Bing Zuo, Samantha Shan, Sally A. McFadden, Dennis Yan-yin Tse, Jingfang Bian, King-Kit Li, Quan Liu, Chi-ho To
O30 How could emmetropization make use of longitudinal chromatic aberration?
Timothy J. Gawne, John T. Siegwart Jr., Alexander H. Ward, Thomas T. Norton
O31 Balance effect of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor subtype activation on refraction development
Xiangtian Zhou
O32 BMP gene expression changes in chick rpe in response to visual manipulations
Yan Zhang, Yue Liu, Carol Ho, Eileen Phan, Abraham Hang, Emily Eng, Christine Wildsoet
OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, has been shown as an effective activator to induce human monocyte-derived dendritic cells maturation. During this process, the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 ...plays an important role. However, the signaling pathway involved in has not been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms, by which OK-432 induced maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). We observed that exposure of immature MoDCs to OK-432 activated the p38 MAPK and NF-kB pathway, accompanied up-regulated the surface expression of maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR, increased secretion of TNF-a, IL-12 and chemokine, IP-10. In addition, T cells stimulatory capacity was also enhanced. The maturation of MoDCs stimulated by OK-432 was inhibited by treatment with p38 pathway inhibitor, SB203580, or NF-kB pathway inhibitor, BAY-117082. Whereas, blocking of JNK pathway with SP600125 or ERK pathway with PD98059 did not influence OK-432-induced DCs maturation. Taken together, our data indicated that OK-432-induced DCs maturation was due, at least partly to the activation of p38 and NF-kB pathway.
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