Instructional quality assessment is a systematic project involving a wide range. Restricted and influenced by many factors and conditions. How to accurately and effectively assess the instructional ...quality of teachers. The determination of the assessment system and method is very important. Some people think that the quality of teaching is “the total of the characteristics of tertiary education that can meet the obvious or implicit needs of individuals, groups, and society. These characteristics are shown through the goals, standards, and achievement levels required by the educated, educators, and social development. In this article, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used in classroom instructional quality assessment, and a classroom instructional quality assessment model is constructed. The experimental results of this article show that the accuracy rate of the algorithm based on BPNN reaches 89%, and the learning rate reaches 93%.
This study develops a sentiment analysis model for English academic discourse based on word information to effectively understand and analyze the sentiment tendencies in English literary texts. The ...structure of the model includes word embedding layer, character-level feature extraction, word-level feature extraction and feature fusion and classification layer. The word embedding layer realizes the mapping between word vectors and word vectors by microblogging pre-trained word vectors. The character-level feature extraction session uses a multi-window convolutional layer to capture N-Gram information. In contrast, the word-level feature extraction obtains deeper semantic information through a Bi-LSTM layer and fuses it with character-level information to enhance robustness. The feature fusion and classification layer further combines these features and determines the fusion weights through a linear layer to achieve sentiment classification. In performance tests, the model achieves 92.5% sentiment classification accuracy on the standard dataset, an improvement of about 6% compared to traditional methods. In particular, the accuracy is improved by 5% when dealing with text with sentiment polarity transition, showing good adaptability. In addition, using 657 positive and 679 negative sentiment words as seed words effectively expands the sentiment lexicon and enhances the comprehensiveness and accuracy of sentiment analysis.
Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of dysentery. Opium ...contains high concentrations of both morphine and codeine, along with thebaine, which is used in the synthesis of a number of semisynthetic opioid analgesics. Thus, it is not surprising that new agents were initially based upon the morphine scaffold. The concept of multiple opioid receptors was first suggested almost 50 years ago (Martin, 1967), opening the possibility of new classes of drugs, but the morphine-like agents have remained the mainstay in the medical management of pain. Termed mu, our understanding of these morphine-like agents and their receptors has undergone an evolution in thinking over the past 35 years. Early pharmacological studies identified three major classes of receptors, helped by the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides and receptor subtypes-primarily through the synthesis of novel agents. These chemical biologic approaches were then eclipsed by the molecular biology revolution, which now reveals a complexity of the morphine-like agents and their receptors that had not been previously appreciated.
A metal‐ and oxidant‐free electrochemical method for preparing selenomethyl‐substituted cyclic ethers or lactones via difunctionalization of olefines is presented. A series of ...selenomethyl‐substituted cyclic ethers, particularly 9‐ and 11‐ membered, selenomethyl‐substituted lactones (4‐6 membered), and selenomethyl‐substituted phthalides can be obtained via this reaction. This method features convenient operation, an electron as oxidant, and ammonium iodide as electrolyte, thereby making it a green synthesis method.
Improving the stability of sensitive catalytic systems is an emerging research topic in the catalysis field. However, the current design of heterogeneous catalysts mainly improves their catalytic ...performance. This paper presents a single‐atom catalyst (SAC) strategy to improve the cobalt‐catalysed fluorination of acyl chlorides. A stable Co−F intermediate can be formed through the oxidative fluorination of Co1−N4@NC SAC, which can replace the unstable high‐valent cobalt catalytic system and avoid the use of phosphine ligands. In the SAC system, KF can be employed as a fluorinating reagent to replace the AgF, which can be applied to various substrates and scale‐up conversion with high turnover numbers (TON=1.58×106). This work also shows that inorganic SACs have tremendous potential for organofluorine chemistry, and it provides a good reference for follow‐up studies on the structure‐activity relationship between catalyst design and chemical reaction mechanisms.
A Co single‐atom catalyst was synthesized via thermal decomposition of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). The Co1−N4@NC catalyst generated a stable Co−F intermediate in situ through an oxidative fluorination pathway to replace the substitution fluorination of the unstable high‐valent Co system. In the presence of Co−F intermediates, KF can be used to replace AgF. Co1−N4@NC exhibited ultrahigh catalytic activity for the fluorination of acyl chlorides.
•The paper surveys various optical inspection systems in the semiconductor industry.•The previous works are reviewed by the product categories and algorithm attributes.•The target inspection products ...include wafer, LCD, and LED.•Inspection algorithms include projection, filtering learning, and hybrid methods.•Total 56 previous systems are reviewed in this survey paper.
Automated visual inspection is an image-processing technique for quality control and production line automation. This paper reviews various optical inspection approaches in the semiconductor industry and categorize the previous literatures by the inspection algorithm and inspected products. The vision-based algorithms that had been adopted in the visual inspection systems include projection methods, filtering-based approaches, learning-based approaches, and hybrid methods. To discuss about the practical applications, the semiconductor industry covers the manufacturing and production of wafer, thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays, and light-emitting diodes. To improve the yield rate and reduce manufacturing costs, the inspection devices are widely installed in the design, layout, fabrication, assembly, and testing processes of production lines. To achieve a high robustness and computational efficiency of automated visual inspection, interdisciplinary knowledge between precision manufacturing and advanced image-processing techniques is required in the novel system design. This paper reviews multiple defect types of various inspected products which can be referenced for further implementations and improvements.
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of ultrasonography (US) for clinical imaging of peri‐implant tissues.
Material and Methods
Patients with ≥1 implant, a cone‐beam ...computed tomography (CBCT) scan, an US scan, and clinical photographs taken during the surgery were included. The crestal bone thickness (CBT) and facial bone level (FBL) were measured on both US and CBCT modalities, and direct FBL measurements were also made on clinical images. US measurements were compared with CBCT and direct readings.
Results
A total of eight implants from four patients were included. For FBL measurements, US and direct (r2 = 0.95) as well as US and CBCT (r2 = 0.85) were highly correlated, whereas CBCT correlated satisfactorily with the direct reading (r2 = 0.75). In one implant without facial bone, CBCT was not able to measure CBT and FBL accurately. The estimated bias for CBT readings was 0.17 ± 0.23 mm (p = .10) between US and CBCT. US blood flow imaging was successfully recorded and showed a wide dynamic range among patients with different degrees of clinical inflammation.
Conclusion
US is a feasible method to evaluate peri‐implant facial crestal bone dimensions. Additional US features, for example, functional blood flow imaging, may be useful to estimate the extent and severity of inflammation.
The anaerobic fermentation gas (AFG) with CO2 removed is a sustainable energy resource, and converting CO2 in AFG to value‐added chemicals can kill two birds with one stone. Herein, an ionic porous ...organic polymer (IPOP‐3) catalyst, with triply synergistic effect of its hydroxide anions, nitrogen activation sites and porous structure, is synthesized. IPOP‐3 exhibits an excellent ability to enrich and convert 50 vol.% CO2 by the reactions with various amines into corresponding formamides. The catalyst is also successfully applied to the N‐formylation of CO2 in AFG, and can be easily recovered and reused. The plausible mechanism for the catalytic N‐formylation is proposed. The hydroxide anion in IPOP‐3 activates the Si−H bond of phenyl silane which reacts with the captured CO2 to form formate anion to facilitate the subsequent conversion into formamide. Our work provides a new idea for the purification of AFG and the resource utilization of CO2.
Purification of Anaerobic Fermentation Gas and Utilization of CO2: Novel ionic porous organic polymer catalyst with triply synergistic catalytic effect is synthesized, and is successfully applied to the direct conversion of CO2 in anaerobic fermentation gas (AFG) into formamides via N‐formylation reaction. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused. This work provides a new idea for the purification of AFG together with the resource utilization of CO2.
Heroin, a mu agonist, acts through the mu opioid receptor. The mu opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, undergoes extensive alternative splicing, creating an array of splice variants that are conserved from ...rodent to humans. Increasing evidence suggests that these OPRM1 splice variants are pharmacologically important in mediating various actions of mu opioids, including analgesia, tolerance, physical dependence, rewarding behavior, as well as addiction. In the present study, we examine expression of the OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), one of the major brain regions involved in decision‐making and drug‐seeking behaviors, of male human heroin abusers and male rats that developed stable heroin‐seeking behavior using an intravenous heroin self‐administration (SA) model. The results show similar expression profiles among multiple OPRM1 splice variants in both human control subjects and saline control rats, illustrating conservation of OPRM1 alternative splicing from rodent to humans. Moreover, the expressions of several OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs were dysregulated in the postmortem mPFCs from heroin abusers compared to the control subjects. Similar patterns were observed in the rat heroin SA model. These findings suggest potential roles of the OPRM1 splice variants in heroin addiction that could be mechanistically explored using the rat heroin SA model.
Dysregulated expression of several OPRM1 splice variant mRNAs in the medial prefrontal cortex of male human heroin abusers was recaptured in heroin self‐administering male rats, suggesting potential roles of the OPRM1 splice variants in heroin addiction that could be mechanistically explored using the rat heroin self‐administration model.
Industrial waste gas is one of the major sources of atmospheric CO2, yet the direct conversion of the low concentrations of CO2 in waste gases into high value‐added chemicals have been a great ...challenge. Herein, a copper‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene porous polymer catalyst (Cu@NHC‐1) for the direct conversion of low concentration CO2 into oxazolidinones was successfully fabricated via a facile copolymerization process followed by the complexation with Cu(OAc)2. A continuous flow device was designed to deliver a continuous and stable carbon source for the reaction. Due to the triple synergistic effect of its porous structure, nitrogen activation sites and catalytic Cu center, Cu@NHC‐1 shows highly efficient and selective adsorption, activation, and conversion of the low concentration CO2 (30 vol%). Its practical application potential is demonstrated by the ability to successfully convert the CO2 in lime kiln waste gas into oxazolidinones in satisfactory yields under mild conditions.
Fuming value: A copper‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene porous polymer (Cu@NHC‐1) with triple synergistic catalytic effect on the conversion of CO2 via carboxylative cyclization was successfully fabricated to convert CO2 in lime kiln waste gas into value‐added oxazolidinones, providing a prospect for the direct utilization of low concentration CO2 in industrial waste gas.
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