The existing endeavor investigates on machinability characteristics through performance measurement of flank wear, surface quality and chip morphology during finish turning of AISI 52100 bearing ...steel (55 ± 1 HRC) under dry environment employing carbide insert coated along with various layers (TiN/TiCN/AhO3). Secondly the influence of machining variables viz. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on responses are assessed by ANOVA and modeled through quadratic regression and artificial neural network. Multiparametric optimization of cutting conditions has been obtained through Taguchi based grey relational analysis. Finally, tool life at ideal conditions has been evaluated through experiment. Based on the study, it is disclosed that coated carbide with multilayer insert outperformed during hard machining as wear at the flank surface and surface quality are within the benchmark cap of 0.3 mm and 1.6 microns respectively. From the chip morphology analysis, multilayer coated carbide insert generates lower temperature and maintains cutting edge sharpness and delays the growth of tool wear. ANN model using multilayered feed forward network yields accurate prediction of responses with minimum error percentage compared to QR model. The optimal parametric combination through GRA approach is found to be d1 (0.1 mm)-f1 (0.04 mm/rev)-v2 (110 m/min) and is greatly improved. Feed is the compelling aspect for multi-responses pursued by cutting speed. The tool life at optimized cutting condition is found to be approximately 19 minutes.
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•The availability of genomic data enables a very rapid global follow-up of COVID-19 progression.•Genomic surveillance integrates epidemiological and genomic data to track SARS-CoV-2 ...variants and their spread.•Genomics plays a significant role in the development of molecular diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine candidates.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly swept over the world, becoming one of the most devastating outbreaks in human history. Being the first pandemic in the post-genomic era, advancements in genomics contributed significantly to scientific understanding and public health response to COVID-19. Genomic technologies have been employed by researchers all over the world to better understand the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its origin, genomic diversity, and evolution. Worldwide genomic resources have greatly aided in the investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has ushered in a new era of genomic surveillance, wherein scientists are tracking the changes of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in real-time at the international and national levels. Availability of genomic and proteomic information enables the rapid development of molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. The advent of high-throughput sequencing and genome editing technologies led to the development of modern vaccines. We briefly discuss the impact of genomics in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in this review.
Traumatic penetrating spinal injuries with wooden objects are rare. A 6-year-old boy presented with history of fall from tree 1 month back. It resulted in a penetrating injury at the lumbosacral ...area, followed by a discharging sinus without any neurological deficit. Radiological imaging showed a foreign body at the spinous process level traversing L4-5 and is lodged in L3-4 intervertebral body causing listhesis of L3 over L4. The wooden stick was retrieved with a meticulous surgical procedure. Proper imaging and early surgery are necessary to prevent any complications and early recovery.Traumatic penetrating spinal injuries with wooden objects are rare. A 6-year-old boy presented with history of fall from tree 1 month back. It resulted in a penetrating injury at the lumbosacral area, followed by a discharging sinus without any neurological deficit. Radiological imaging showed a foreign body at the spinous process level traversing L4-5 and is lodged in L3-4 intervertebral body causing listhesis of L3 over L4. The wooden stick was retrieved with a meticulous surgical procedure. Proper imaging and early surgery are necessary to prevent any complications and early recovery.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a congenital tumor of early infancy. Eighty percent are present in the first month of life. It is considered to be an extragonadal germ cell tumor that can be diagnosed in ...utero. It is considered to be a rare tumor in infancy and childhood. Incidences in girls are more common as compared to boys. Association with other congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and urological manifestations may be present. Association with spinal dysraphism may be present. A complete systemic evaluation needs to be done before any surgical intervention. We hereby present you a case of a 5-day-old male child, born from a non-consanguineous marriage, who presented to us with a large swelling at the coccygeal region. The mass had a variegated consistency with an ear-like appendage over it with associated hair, bones, and necrotic tissue in it. The patient was evaluated with imaging (MRI) which revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass at the sacrococcygeal region with mild extension into the pre-sacral space suggesting sacrococcygeal teratoma. After a complete evaluation for congenital abnormal abnormalities of other sites, gross total excision of the mass was performed. The post-operative condition of the baby was uneventful. A biopsy of the mass revealed a mature cystic teratoma. The baby is under follow-up at present.
Background
The dorsal cutaneous appendage or so-called human tail is considered to be a cutaneous marker of underlying occult dysraphism.
Case presentation
We are presenting an unusual case of spinal ...dysraphism with a bony human tail at midthoracic region occurring in a newborn baby with tethered cord (conus at L4). Physical examination was unremarkable except for a thoracic appendage and a dermal sinus over coccyx region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of spine revealed bony outgrowth arising from D7 posterior element with multiple butterfly-shaped vertebrae found at D2 D4 D8 D9 D10 with low-lying conus at L4-L5 level. Surgical excision of the tail and untethering of the spinal cord along with excision of dermal sinus were performed. The infant had an uneventful postoperative period and was unchanged neurologically.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported in English literature till date.
Discussion
The specific features of this rare case of human tail treated surgically are discussed in light of the available literature.
Sufficient conditions are found for the existence of similar solutions of the mixed convection flow of a Powell-Eyring fluid over a nonlinear stretching permeable sur- face in the presence of ...magnetic field. To achieve this, one parameter linear group trans- formation is applied. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by use of a similarity transformation. These equations are solved by the homotopy analysis method （HAM） to obtain the approximate solutions. The effects of magnetic field, suction, and buoyancy on the Powell-Eyring fluid flow with heat transfer inside the boundary layer are analyzed. The effects of the non- Newtonian fluid （Powell-Eyring model） parameters ε and δon the skin friction and local heat transfer coefficients for the cases of aiding and opposite flows are investigated and discussed. It is observed that the momentum boundary layer thickness increases and the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with the increase in ε whereas the momentum boundary layer thickness decreases and thermal boundary layer thickness increases with the increase in δ for both the aiding and opposing mixed convection flows.
To determine if the consistency of pituitary adenomas can be predicted based on a preoperative MRI study and to assess the surgical outcome of firm pituitary adenomas.
One hundred consecutive ...patients with pituitary adenomas and suprasellar extension were operated by a transsphenoidal approach from July 2003 to December 2006. In addition to the neurological examination, the patients were evaluated by ophthalmological, endocrinological and radiological workups. The signal intensity of the lesion on T2WI and other dimensions of the tumors were included in the MRI study.
There were 52 male and 48 female patients with a mean age of 42.47 years. The mean diameter of the tumor was 32.97mm and the mean SSE was 14.95mm. Six out of 100 patients had firm adenomas peroperatively. Only one of the six patients had isointense SI on T2 WI. Of these 6 patients, total excision was performed in 1 patient, subtotal in 3 patients and partial excision in 2 patients. Among the six patients with firm adenomas, 4 had preoperative hypopituitarism (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between consistency and the postoperative permanent hypopituitarism (P<0.001). The average follow up was 43.5 months. The literature is reviewed and various aspects of pituitary adenoma consistency are discussed.
With the present study, the consistency of pituitary adenomas cannot be reliably predicted based on a preoperative MRI study. Patients with firm adenomas likely to have more incidence of preoperative hypopituitarism and postoperative permanent hypopituitarism.
•The review covers livestock genomics of South Asian cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, camel, horse, yak, mithun, and poultry.•Advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies led to ...the discovery of numerous SNP arrays for different livestock species.•The application of genomics in animal breeding has had the biggest economic impact on livestock production.
Livestock plays a central role in sustaining human livelihood in South Asia. There are numerous and distinct livestock species in South Asian countries. Several of them have experienced genetic development in recent years due to the application of genomic technologies and effective breeding programs. This review discusses genomic studies on cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, camel, yak, mithun, and poultry. The frontiers covered in this review are genetic diversity, admixture studies, selection signature research, QTL discovery, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection. The review concludes with recommendations for South Asian livestock systems to increasingly leverage genomic technologies, based on the lessons learned from the numerous case studies. This paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the dichotomy in the South Asian livestock sector and argues that a realistic approach to genomics in livestock can ensure long-term genetic advancements.
RNA editing in trypanosomes occurs by a series of enzymatic steps that are catalyzed by a macromolecular complex. The TbMP52 protein is shown to be a component of this complex, to have RNA ligase ...activity, and to be one of two adenylatable proteins in the complex. Regulated repression of TbMP52 blocks editing, which shows that it is a functional component of the editing complex. This repression is lethal in bloodforms of the parasite, indicating that editing is essential in the mammalian stage of the life cycle. The editing complex, which is present in all kinetoplastid parasites, may thus be a chemotherapeutic target.
Using modified sol-gel route the prepared bismuth doped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramic thin film is subjected to X-Ray diffraction followed by reitveld refinement using Maud (2.92) for structural ...analysis. The structural data are presented in the text. The micrographs of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) show randomly oriented and dense rod like microstructure. This type of microstructure is not yet reported and hence here it is presented for the first time in this material. The dielectric constant of the film is measured in the frequency range 100 Hz- 1 MHz with variation in temperature from 100 to 600 K. The observed typical relaxor behaviour of the material is confirmed by peaks broadening at low frequency with increasing temperature and the peaks shift to low frequency region with decreasing temperature. This relaxation behaviour arises due to space charge polarization. The broad band spectrum of high dielectric constant is seen over the studied temperature range.
•The importance of this research is to produce a high dielectric constant like materials with a cost effective and ease of doing process for different industrial application.•The materials Bi doped CCTO Thin film which was prepared by untraditional sol-gel route shows giant dielectric behaviour and relaxor in nature.
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