Le terme « baroque », qui désignait à l’origine une perle irrégulière, s’emploie maintenant couramment comme synonyme de « bizarre, fantaisiste, déplacé ». En ce sens, les œuvres littéraires ...francophones, produites hors de France, qui font l’objet des études de cet ouvrage, paraissent souvent baroques, et leurs auteurs se perçoivent volontiers comme des « irréguliers », par comparaison avec les écrivains de l’Hexagone dont l’identité semble mieux établie. Le terme « baroque » sert aussi à caractériser une époque de transition – et les styles foisonnants qui l’ont illustrée –, où les certitudes du moyen âge chrétien ne tenaient plus, mais sans qu’elles aient été remplacées encore par les valeurs des temps modernes. En cet autre sens, les nouvelles écritures francophones peuvent aussi être dites baroques. Elles témoignent en effet d’une époque qui a perdu ses repères, entre chaos et catastrophes – la postmodernité, diraient certains –, et d’une esthétique expressionniste, qui ne craint pas l’expérimentation sauvage et qui mêle allègrement les formes héritées du passé et les procédés d’avant-garde, le réel et l’imaginaire. Cet ouvrage permet de découvrir ces écritures « nouvelles, mais possédant déjà une histoire, avec des étapes reconnaissables, des courants successifs ; voire, une préhistoire, si l’on tient compte des importantes traditions orales » qui les ont engendrées.
Legume-based green manures (LGMs) are crops that are grown with the specific purpose of improving soil quality and consequently the long-term productivity of crops. Although the traditional focus has ...been on the supply of nitrogen (N) to the system, they have a wide range of potential benefits that include improving soil quality, reducing soil erosion and increasing the biodiversity of farmland. LGMs are a key component of organic farming systems where the use of synthetic N fertilizers is not permitted. However, increases in the cost of inputs, concerns about environmental impacts of intensive use of agrochemicals, and the recently announced measures for the 'greening' of the European Common Agricultural Policy have led to renewed interest in the use of LGMs more widely. In Europe, the legumes in LGMs may be annual or perennial plants, grown on their own or more often as part of crop mixtures with a range of other crop types such as grasses or brassicas. The legumes most commonly grown are the clovers ( spp.), particularly red and white clover. Other legumes that may be grown to suit particular local goals or constraints include spp. (lucerne (alfalfa) and black medic), trefoils ( spp.), vetches ( spp.), lupins ( spp.), other minor forage legumes and grain legumes. To maximize fertility building in organic farming systems, LGMs are grown in place of cash crops for some of the crop rotation. In more intensive systems, LGMs may be grown for short periods between phases of regular crop production. This chapter reviews the use of LGMs in Europe and considers factors that affect N fixation in them and the transfer of fixed N to following crops. It examines how they can be integrated into practical rotational cropping systems and whether the economics of this makes the use of LGMs profitable. However, LGMs will not be agronomically or economically viable in all systems, and in these cases other types of green manures may be more appropriate. As demand for multifunctional agricultural systems grows, and is increasingly required by European agricultural policies, so does the potential for greater use of LGMs.
We are developing a liquid xenon calorimeter for the MEG experiment. This experiment, to be performed at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Villigen (CH), was designed by an ...Italian-Japanese-Russian-Swiss collaboration to search for the /spl mu//sup +//spl rarr/e/sup +//spl gamma/ decay, forbidden in the standard model of electroweak and strong interactions. The photon four momentum is to be measured by an innovative C-shaped 800 litres liquid xenon calorimeter read by more than 800 photo-multiplier tubes. An absorption length for Xe scintillation light larger than 100 cm has been measured. The performance of such a detector has been measured using a large volume prototype (100 litres) in a test beam at PSI, using high energy photons from decays of neutral pions from a charge exchange reaction of negative pions on protons. A resolution of 5% FWHM was obtained.
Papa shares how she successfully handles the complexities of rearing a preemie. Although she went through lots of scary moments but she never lose hope to save her child.
