The development of methods for the 3D printing of multifunctional devices could impact areas ranging from wearable electronics and energy harvesting devices to smart prosthetics and human–machine ...interfaces. Recently, the development of stretchable electronic devices has accelerated, concomitant with advances in functional materials and fabrication processes. In particular, novel strategies have been developed to enable the intimate biointegration of wearable electronic devices with human skin in ways that bypass the mechanical and thermal restrictions of traditional microfabrication technologies. Here, a multimaterial, multiscale, and multifunctional 3D printing approach is employed to fabricate 3D tactile sensors under ambient conditions conformally onto freeform surfaces. The customized sensor is demonstrated with the capabilities of detecting and differentiating human movements, including pulse monitoring and finger motions. The custom 3D printing of functional materials and devices opens new routes for the biointegration of various sensors in wearable electronics systems, and toward advanced bionic skin applications.
A multifunctional three‐dimensional (3D) printing approach is employed to fabricate 3D tactile sensors under ambient conditions conformally onto freeform surfaces. The sensors can detect and differente human motions, including pulse monitoring and finger movements. This custom 3D printing of functional materials and devices opens new routes toward the biointegration of various sensors in wearable electronic systems.
Traumatic spinal injury (TSI) results from injury to bony, ligamentous, and/or neurologic structures of the spinal column and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The global burden of TSI ...is poorly understood, so we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global volume of TSI.
We performed a systematic review through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Databases on TSI studies reported from 2000 to 2016. Collected data were used to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the annual incidence of TSI across World Health Organization regions and World Bank income groups using random-effect models. Incorporating global population figures, the annual worldwide volume of TSI was estimated.
A total of 102 studies were included in the systematic review and 19 studies in the meta-analysis. The overall global incidence of TSI was 10.5 cases per 100,000 persons, resulting in an estimated 768,473 95% confidence interval, 597,213–939,732 new cases of TSI annually worldwide. The incidence of TSI was higher in low- and middle-income countries (8.72 per 100,000 persons) compared with high-income countries (13.69 per 100,000 persons). Road traffic accidents, followed by falls, were the most common mechanism of TSI worldwide. Overall, 48.8% of patients with TSI required surgery.
TSI is a major source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Largely preventable mechanisms, including road traffic accidents and falls, are the main causes of TSI globally. Further investigation is needed to delineate local and regional TSI incidences and causes, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
•TSI is a major source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world.•Males were more likely affected by TSI in all WHO regions and World Bank income levels.•Preventable mechanisms, including RTAs and falls, are main causes of TSI globally.•The neurosurgical community must work to strength global neurosurgical capacity to TSI management.
3D printed deformable sensors Zhu, Zhijie; Park, Hyun Soo; McAlpine, Michael C
Science advances,
06/2020, Letnik:
6, Številka:
25
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ability to directly print compliant biomedical devices on live human organs could benefit patient monitoring and wound treatment, which requires the 3D printer to adapt to the various ...deformations of the biological surface. We developed an in situ 3D printing system that estimates the motion and deformation of the target surface to adapt the toolpath in real time. With this printing system, a hydrogel-based sensor was printed on a porcine lung under respiration-induced deformation. The sensor was compliant to the tissue surface and provided continuous spatial mapping of deformation via electrical impedance tomography. This adaptive 3D printing approach may enhance robot-assisted medical treatments with additive manufacturing capabilities, enabling autonomous and direct printing of wearable electronics and biological materials on and inside the human body.
Asciminib is an allosteric inhibitor that binds a myristoyl site of the BCR-ABL1 protein, locking BCR-ABL1 into an inactive conformation through a mechanism distinct from those for all other ABL ...kinase inhibitors. Asciminib targets both native and mutated BCR-ABL1, including the gatekeeper T315I mutant. The safety and antileukemic activity of asciminib in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia are unknown.
In this phase 1, dose-escalation study, we enrolled 141 patients with chronic-phase and 9 with accelerated-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who had resistance to or unacceptable side effects from at least two previous ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose or the recommended dose (or both) of asciminib. Asciminib was administered once or twice daily (at doses of 10 to 200 mg). The median follow-up was 14 months.
Patients were heavily pretreated; 70% (105 of 150 patients) had received at least three TKIs. The maximum tolerated dose of asciminib was not reached. Among patients with chronic-phase CML, 34 (92%) with a hematologic relapse had a complete hematologic response; 31 (54%) without a complete cytogenetic response at baseline had a complete cytogenetic response. A major molecular response was achieved or maintained by 12 months in 48% of patients who could be evaluated, including 8 of 14 (57%) deemed to have resistance to or unacceptable side effects from ponatinib. A major molecular response was achieved or maintained by 12 months in 5 patients (28%) with a T315I mutation at baseline. Clinical responses were durable; a major molecular response was maintained in 40 of 44 patients. Dose-limiting toxic effects included asymptomatic elevations in the lipase level and clinical pancreatitis. Common adverse events included fatigue, headache, arthralgia, hypertension, and thrombocytopenia.
Asciminib was active in heavily pretreated patients with CML who had resistance to or unacceptable side effects from TKIs, including patients in whom ponatinib had failed and those with a T315I mutation. (Funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02081378.).
Inflammatory signals arising from the microenvironment have emerged as critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function during diverse processes including embryonic development, ...infectious diseases, and myelosuppressive injuries caused by irradiation and chemotherapy. However, the contributions of cellular subsets within the microenvironment that elicit niche-driven inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify endothelial cells as a crucial component in driving bone marrow (BM) inflammation and HSC dysfunction observed following myelosuppression. We demonstrate that sustained activation of endothelial MAPK causes NF-κB-dependent inflammatory stress response within the BM, leading to significant HSC dysfunction including loss of engraftment ability and a myeloid-biased output. These phenotypes are resolved upon inhibition of endothelial NF-κB signaling. We identify SCGF as a niche-derived factor that suppresses BM inflammation and enhances hematopoietic recovery following myelosuppression. Our findings demonstrate that chronic endothelial inflammation adversely impacts niche activity and HSC function which is reversible upon suppression of inflammation.
3D Printed Polymer Photodetectors Park, Sung Hyun; Su, Ruitao; Jeong, Jaewoo ...
Advanced materials,
08/2018, Letnik:
30, Številka:
40
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Extrusion‐based 3D printing, an emerging technology, has been previously used in the comprehensive fabrication of light‐emitting diodes using various functional inks, without cleanrooms or ...conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, polymer‐based photodetectors exhibiting high performance are fully 3D printed and thoroughly characterized. A semiconducting polymer ink is printed and optimized for the active layer of the photodetector, achieving an external quantum efficiency of 25.3%, which is comparable to that of microfabricated counterparts and yet created solely via a one‐pot custom built 3D‐printing tool housed under ambient conditions. The devices are integrated into image sensing arrays with high sensitivity and wide field of view, by 3D printing interconnected photodetectors directly on flexible substrates and hemispherical surfaces. This approach is further extended to create integrated multifunctional devices consisting of optically coupled photodetectors and light‐emitting diodes, demonstrating for the first time the multifunctional integration of multiple semiconducting device types which are fully 3D printed on a single platform. The 3D‐printed optoelectronic devices are made without conventional microfabrication facilities, allowing for flexibility in the design and manufacturing of next‐generation wearable and 3D‐structured optoelectronics, and validating the potential of 3D printing to achieve high‐performance integrated active electronic materials and devices.
Fully 3D‐printed polymer photodetectors are demonstrated on flexible substrates and hemispherical surfaces to integrate multidimensional image sensing arrays with high sensitivity and wide field of view. 3D printing multifunctional optoelectronic devices on a single platform is possible from a one‐pot, custom‐built extrusion‐based 3D manufacturing system. This work opens the possibility of the “off‐grid” printing of next‐generation wearable optoelectronic devices.
Compensation research has generally considered pay‐for‐performance (PFP) perceptions in terms of how people react to only a single PFP form or PFP systems as a whole, regardless of the complexity of ...the compensation system pertaining to the individual. Synthesizing construal level theory, expectancy theory, compensation activation theory, and Call and Ployhart's (2020) theory of firm value capture from employee job performance, we provide insights into how employees develop PFP perceptions when they are covered by a complex PFP system. We propose that (1) individuals shape PFP perceptions at different levels of mental construals, ranging from concrete to ; (2) concrete conceptualizations lead to specific, detailed, multidimensional perceptions of PFP system elements (i.e., expectancy, instrumentality, valence, and incentive‐intensity) while conceptualizations lead to more general perceptions with fewer perceived dimensions; (3) an individual's construal level can change over time because of characteristics of the PFP system as well as external events, and (4) construal levels have different implications for PFP system effectiveness at the individual and organizational levels. We also discuss how this theoretical approach provides a structure for enhancing our understanding of modern pay practices that helps to close the gap that currently exists between compensation theory and practice.
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