A number of labor markets and student placement systems can be modeled as many-to-one matching markets. We analyze the scope for manipulation in many-to-one matching markets under the student-optimal ...stable mechanism when the number of participants is large. Under some regularity conditions, we show that the fraction of participants with incentives to misrepresent their preferences when others are truthful approaches zero as the market becomes large. With an additional condition, truthful reporting by every participant is an approximate equilibrium under the student-optimal stable mechanism in large markets.
Several K-12 and university systems have adopted race-neutral affirmative action in place of race-based alternatives. This paper explores whether these plans are effective substitutes for racial ...quotas in Chicago Public Schools (CPS), which now employs a race-neutral, place-based affirmative action system at its selective exam high schools. The CPS plan is ineffective compared to plans that explicitly consider race: about three-quarters of the reduction in average entrance scores at the top schools could have been avoided with the same level of racial diversity. Moreover, the CPS plan is less effective at adding low-income students than was the previous system of racial quotas. We develop a theoretical framework that motivates quantifying the inefficiency of race-neutral policies based on the distortion in student preparedness they create for a given level of diversity and use it to evaluate several alternatives. The CPS plan can be improved in several ways, but no race-neutral policy restores minority representation to prior levels without substantially greater distortions, implying significant efficiency costs from prohibitions on the explicit use of race.
It is very difficult and expensive to replace sensor node battery in wireless sensor network in many critical conditions such as bridge supervising, resource exploration in hostile locations, and ...wildlife safety, etc. The natural choice in such situations is to maximize network lifetime. One such approach is to divide the sensing area of wireless sensor network into clusters to achieve high energy efficiency and to prolong network lifetime. In this paper, an Artificial Bee Colony Inspired Clustering Solution (ABCICS) is introduced. The proposed protocol selects the head of the cluster with optimal fitness function. The fitness function comprises the residual energy of node, node degree, node centrality, and distance from base station to node. When cluster-head with high energy node transmits the data to the base station, it further minimizes the energy consumption of the sensor network. The presented protocol is compared with LEACH, HSA-PSO, and MHACO-UC. Simulation experiments show the effectiveness of our approach to enhance the network lifetime.
Empirical and experimental evidence suggests different levels of sophistication among families in the Boston Public School student assignment plan. We analyze the preference revelation game induced ...by the Boston mechanism with sincere players who report their true preferences and sophisticated players who play a best response. We characterize the set of Nash equilibrium outcomes as the set of stable matchings of a modified economy, where sincere students lose priority to sophisticated students. Any sophisticated student weakly prefers her assignment under the Pareto-dominant Nash equilibrium of the Boston mechanism to her assignment under the recently adopted student-optimal stable mechanism. (JEL D82, I21)
The direct exposure of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is widely related to several adverse health effects. Therefore, an accurate amount of its usage is necessary required depending on the ...threshold limit. There have been a variety of sensors developed to measure an amount of VOC for safety use. Optical fiber-based VOC sensors offer huge advancements in technologies to overcome several limitations from the convectional VOC sensors that appeared over the past decade. Real-time monitoring and detection of VOCs are important to maintain a safe and healthy domestic/industrial environment. The optical fibers are highly-sensitive and widely applied to several ranges of parameters including gas sensing, and have also been used to monitor VOCs at the sub-ppm range. Recognizing the major developments in the field of the optical fiber, this article aims to review the recent progress in VOC monitoring, resulting in a wide range of sensing configurations are being discussed. Additionally, the article highlights the advantages, limitations, and future possibilities in this area.
Display omitted
2-Azetidinone, a β-lactam four member heterocyclic compound involved in research aimed to evaluate new products that possess interesting biological activities. These compounds reported for their ...antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Successful introduction of aztreonam as a potent inhibitor of cephalosporinase and ezetimibe as a cholesterol absorption inhibitor proved potential of 2-azetidinone moiety. Subsequently 2-azetidinones were highlighted as a potent mechanism based inhibitor of several enzymes like human tryptase, chymase, thrombin, leukocyte elastase, human cytomegalovirus protease and serine protease enzyme. These derivatives also known to possess antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-HIV, antiparkinsonian, antidiabetic and vasopressin V1a antagonist activity. The present review article focuses on the pharmacological profile of 2-azetidinones with their potential activities.
2-Azetidinone and their derivatives occupy a central place in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse and broad pharmacological profile. This article focuses on the various pharmacological profile of 2-azetidinone scaffold and development of novel derivatives with their potential activity.
Display omitted
In this review, we attempt to give a concise overview of recent progress made in mechanistic understanding of protein aggregation, particulate formation and protein solution rheology. Recent advances ...in analytical techniques and methods for characterizing protein aggregation and the formed protein particles as well as advancements, technique limitations and controversies in the field of protein solution rheology are discussed. The focus of the review is primarily on biotherapeutics and proteins/antibodies that are relevant to that area. As per the remit of Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, here we attempt to stimulate interest in areas of debate. While the field is certainly not mature enough that all problems may be considered resolved and accepted by consensus, we wish to highlight some areas of controversy and debate that need further attention from the scientific community.
Aggregation increases the low shear rate viscosity for this particular mAb solution during incubation at 40°C over 41days. Adapted from Castellanos et al. (ref. 84). Display omitted
•Advances in characterization techniques for protein particle sizing are reviewed.•Advances in scattering techniques for elucidating aggregation mechanism are reviewed.•Multiple aggregation mechanisms exist, resulting in different aggregate properties.•Aggregate properties influence which technique(s) are best for characterization.•The effects of aggregation and sub-visible particle formation on antibody solution rheology are discussed.
First-order magnetic transitions (FOMTs) with a large discontinuity in magnetization are highly sought in the development of advanced functional magnetic materials. Isosymmetric magnetoelastic FOMTs ...that do not perturb crystal symmetry are especially rare, and only a handful of material families, almost exclusively transition metal-based, are known to exhibit them. Yet, here we report a surprising isosymmetric FOMT in a rare-earth intermetallic, Eu
In. What makes this transition in Eu
In even more remarkable is that it is associated with a large latent heat and an exceptionally high magnetocaloric effect in low magnetic fields, but with tiny lattice discontinuities and negligible hysteresis. An active role of the Eu-5d and In-4p states and a rather unique electronic structure borne by In to Eu charge transfer, altogether result in an unusual exchange mechanism that both sets the transition in motion and unveils an approach toward developing specific magnetic functionalities ad libitum.
In the present paper, a new kind of concave shaped refractive index sensor (CSRIS) exploiting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is proposed and numerically optimized. The LSPR effect between ...polaritons and the core guided mode of designed CSRIS is used to enhance the sensing performance. The sensor is characterized for two types of sensing structures coated with gold (Au) film and Au nanowires (AuNWs), respectively. The influence of structural parameters such as the distance (D) of the concave shaped channel (CSC) from the core, the diameter of the nanowire (dn) and the size (s) of the CSC are investigated here. In comparison to Au film, the AuNWs are shown to significantly enhance the sensitivity and the performance of the designed sensor. An enhanced sensitivity of 4471 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) is obtained with AuNWs, for a wide range of analytes refractive index (na) varying between 1.33 to 1.38. However, for conventional Au film; the sensitivity of 808.57 nm/RIU is obtained for the same range of analytes.
Stocks are short-sale constrained when there is a strong demand to sell short and a limited supply of shares to borrow. Using data on both short interest (a proxy for demand) and institutional ...ownership (a proxy for supply) we find that constrained stocks underperform during the period 1988–2002 by a significant 215 basis points per month on an equally weighted basis, although by only an insignificant 39 basis points per month on a value-weighted basis. For the overwhelming majority of stocks, short interest and institutional ownership levels make short selling constraints unlikely.
PDF
