Human hnRNP A2/B1 is an RNA-binding protein that plays important roles in many biological processes, including maturation, transport, and metabolism of mRNA, and gene regulation of long noncoding ...RNAs. hnRNP A2/B1 was reported to control the microRNAs sorting to exosomes and promote primary microRNA processing as a potential m
A "reader." hnRNP A2/B1 contains two RNA recognition motifs that provide sequence-specific recognition of RNA substrates. Here, we determine crystal structures of tandem RRM domains of hnRNP A2/B1 in complex with various RNA substrates, elucidating specific recognitions of AGG and UAG motifs by RRM1 and RRM2 domains, respectively. Further structural and biochemical results demonstrate multivariant binding modes for sequence-diversified RNA substrates, supporting a RNA matchmaker mechanism in hnRNP A2/B1 function. Moreover, our studies in combination with bioinformatic analysis suggest that hnRNP A2/B1 may mediate effects of m
A through a "m
A switch" mechanism, instead of acting as a direct "reader" of m
A modification.
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•AuNPs decorated rGO-ZnCo2O4 nanohybrid prepared by a hydrothermal process.•Au@rGO-ZnCo2O4 cauliflower electrode shows a specific capacity of 288.5 mAh g−1.•Au@rGO-ZnCo2O4//AC hybrid ...cell delivered a power density of 2121 W kg−1.•Fabricated hybrid supercapacitor retained about 97.1% capacity over 5000 cycles.
Herein, we have engineered gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide-ZnCo2O4 hybrid material by a hydrothermal process. With exercising benefit of a synergistic influence of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles, the nanohybrid ensures that internal microstructure is altered from ZnCo2O4 microflower to Au@rGO-ZnCo2O4 cauliflower. The prepared Au@rGO-ZnCo2O4 cauliflower electrode shows a high specific capacity of 288.5 mAh g−1 at 2 mV s−1 scan rate. The more detailed electrochemical interpretation is carried out to understand the charge storage abilities of the electrodes occurred from the capacitive- and diffusion-controlled kinetics processes. These excellent electrochemical performances can be assigned to the incorporation of gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets that alleviate electrons exchange and transmit through electrochemical active sites, which create an electronic and structural heterogeneity of the electro-active material. Further, Au@rGO-ZnCo2O4//AC hybrid solid-state supercapacitor cell is designed with polymeric gel electrolyte that delivered a good power density of 2121 W kg−1 at an energy density of 31 Wh kg−1 with excellent capacitance retention over 5000 cycles highlights convenience of the utility of mixing high capacity with high electronic transport. The experimental results reveal that the noble metal nanoparticles incorporated hybrid nanostructures are promising electrode materials for energy storage applications.
The long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) mediates the transcriptional silencing of genes on the X chromosome. Here we show that, in human cells, XIST is highly methylated with at ...least 78 N
-methyladenosine (m
A) residues-a reversible base modification of unknown function in long non-coding RNAs. We show that m
A formation in XIST, as well as in cellular mRNAs, is mediated by RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15) and its paralogue RBM15B, which bind the m
A-methylation complex and recruit it to specific sites in RNA. This results in the methylation of adenosine nucleotides in adjacent m
A consensus motifs. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of RBM15 and RBM15B, or knockdown of methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), an m
A methyltransferase, impairs XIST-mediated gene silencing. A systematic comparison of m
A-binding proteins shows that YTH domain containing 1 (YTHDC1) preferentially recognizes m
A residues on XIST and is required for XIST function. Additionally, artificial tethering of YTHDC1 to XIST rescues XIST-mediated silencing upon loss of m
A. These data reveal a pathway of m
A formation and recognition required for XIST-mediated transcriptional repression.
Protein translation typically begins with the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex to the 5' cap of mRNAs by a cap-binding complex. However, some transcripts are translated in a cap-independent ...manner through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that mRNAs containing N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) in their 5' UTR can be translated in a cap-independent manner. A single 5' UTR m(6)A directly binds eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), which is sufficient to recruit the 43S complex to initiate translation in the absence of the cap-binding factor eIF4E. Inhibition of adenosine methylation selectively reduces translation of mRNAs containing 5'UTR m(6)A. Additionally, increased m(6)A levels in the Hsp70 mRNA regulate its cap-independent translation following heat shock. Notably, we find that diverse cellular stresses induce a transcriptome-wide redistribution of m(6)A, resulting in increased numbers of mRNAs with 5' UTR m(6)A. These data show that 5' UTR m(6)A bypasses 5' cap-binding proteins to promote translation under stresses.
Advantages of layer-by-layer (LBL) structure built by pseudocapacitive layers and conducting graphene oxide layers in electrochemical performance showing predominant values of energy and power ...densities (Ragone plot). Display omitted
► Layer by layer assembly of graphene oxide and Mn3O4 layers. ► Porous morphology of GO/Mn3O4 hybrid nano-composite. ► GO/Mn3O4 hybrid composite provides less ESR and IR drop, has good stability. ► GO/Mn3O4 hybrid composite shows high power and energy density.
In this study, we have improved the capacitance of carbon based graphene oxide (GO) and metal oxide based manganese oxide (Mn3O4) thin films by preparing thin films of GO/Mn3O4 composite using simple and inexpensive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. These prepared films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and BET techniques. The XRD analysis reveals the formation of GO, Mn3O4 and GO/Mn3O4 composite thin films and the FTIR studies disclose the characteristic chemical bonding between the respective materials. Furthermore, Raman measurements confirm the formation of GO and GO/Mn3O4 composite thin films. The SEM images demonstrate that the surface structure of GO and Mn3O4 thin films can be easily tuned by forming the composite of GO and Mn3O4 materials leading to excellent processability of a system. The surface area of GO/Mn3O4 composite (94m2g−1) is measured by using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. The supercapacitive behaviors of different electrodes are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques in 1M Na2SO4. The specific capacitance of 344Fg−1 is achieved for GO/Mn3O4 composite electrode at a scan rate of 5mVs−1. In addition, impedance measurements of the GO, Mn3O4 and GO/Mn3O4 electrodes are executed proposing that the GO/Mn3O4 composite electrodes are promising materials for supercapacitor application.
Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of rGO/BiVO4 hybrid nanostructures by facile hydrothermal method. Morphological studies reveal that rGO sheets are embedded in the special dendritic fern-like ...structures of BiVO4. The rGO/BiVO4 hybrid architecture shows the way to a rational design of supercapacitor, since these structures enable easy access of electrolyte ions by reducing internal resistance. Considering the unique morphological features of rGO/BiVO4 hybrid nanostructures, their supercapacitive properties were investigated. The rGO/BiVO4 electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 151 F/g at the current density of 0.15 mA/cm2. Furthermore, we have constructed rGO/BiVO4 symmetric cell which exhibits outstanding volumetric energy density of 1.6 mW h/cm3 (33.7 W h/kg) and ensures rapid energy delivery with power density of 391 mW/cm3 (8.0 kW/kg). The superior properties of symmetric supercapacitor can be attributed to the special dendritic fern-like BiVO4 morphology and intriguing physicochemical properties of rGO.
Abstract
In present investigation, we have prepared a nanocomposites of highly porous MnO
2
spongy balls and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in thin film form and tested in novel redox-active ...electrolyte (K
3
Fe(CN)
6
doped aqueous Na
2
SO
4
) for supercapacitor application. Briefly, MWCNTs were deposited on stainless steel substrate by “dip and dry” method followed by electrodeposition of MnO
2
spongy balls. Further, the supercapacitive properties of these hybrid thin films were evaluated in hybrid electrolyte ((K
3
Fe(CN)
6
doped aqueous Na
2
SO
4
). Thus, this is the first proof-of-design where redox-active electrolyte is applied to MWCNTs/MnO
2
hybrid thin films. Impressively, the MWCNTs/MnO
2
hybrid film showed a significant improvement in electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 1012 Fg
−1
at 2 mA cm
−2
current density in redox-active electrolyte, which is 1.5-fold higher than that of conventional electrolyte (Na
2
SO
4
). Further, asymmetric capacitor based on MWCNTs/MnO
2
hybrid film as positive and Fe
2
O
3
thin film as negative electrode was fabricated and tested in redox-active electrolytes. Strikingly, MWCNTs/MnO
2
//Fe
2
O
3
asymmetric cell showed an excellent supercapacitive performance with maximum specific capacitance of 226 Fg
−1
and specific energy of 54.39 Wh kg
−1
at specific power of 667 Wkg
−1
. Strikingly, actual practical demonstration shows lightning of 567 red LEDs suggesting “ready-to sell” product for industries.
The transformation of 3D microstructures of MnCo2O4 into 1D nanowires by incorporation of Ni into Mn site has been demonstrated. Asymmetric capacitor has been fabricated using Mn0.4Ni0.6Co2O4 ...nanowires as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode. Display omitted
•Hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical MnxNi1−xCo2O4 nanostructures.•Morphological transformation from 3D microcubes to 1D nanowires.•Fabrication of asymmetric capacitor with activated carbon.•Excellent energy density (35.2Wh/kg (2.1mWh/cm3)).
The preparation of nanostructured hierarchical Mn1−xNixCo2O4 metal oxides as efficient supercapacitors of different structures and configurations especially for the miniaturized electronics is still a challenge. In this context, we report template free facile hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured Mn1−xNixCo2O4 with excellent supercapacitive performance. Significantly, the morphology of pure MnCo2O4 transformed from 3D microcubes to 1D nanowires with incorporation of Ni. The electrochemical study shows highest specific capacitance i.e. 1762F/g for Mn0.4Ni0.6Co2O4 with high cycling stability of 89.2% which is much higher than pristine MnCo2O4 and NiCo2O4. Later, asymmetric capacitor has been fabricated successfully using Mn0.4Ni0.6Co2O4 nanowires as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode in a KOH aqueous electrolyte. An asymmetric cell could be cycled reversibly in the high-voltage range of 0–1.5V and displays intriguing performances with a specific capacitance of 112.8F/g (6.87F/cm3) and high energy density of 35.2Wh/kg (2.1mWh/cm3). Importantly, this asymmetric capacitor device exhibits an excellent long cycle life along with 83.2% specific capacitance retained after 2000 cycles.
Genome editing for therapeutic applications often requires cleavage within a narrow sequence window. Here, to enable such high-precision targeting with zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), we have developed ...an expanded set of architectures that collectively increase the configurational options available for design by a factor of 64. These new architectures feature the functional attachment of the FokI cleavage domain to the amino terminus of one or both zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) in the ZFN dimer, as well as the option to skip bases between the target triplets of otherwise adjacent fingers in each zinc-finger array. Using our new architectures, we demonstrate targeting of an arbitrarily chosen 28 bp genomic locus at a density that approaches 1.0 (i.e., efficient ZFNs available for targeting almost every base step). We show that these new architectures may be used for targeting three loci of therapeutic significance with a high degree of precision, efficiency, and specificity.
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