The phylogeography of the holoplanktonic chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata was investigated in the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA). Considering the cosmopolitan range of this species and the fact ...that its entire life cycle is planktonic, the central hypothesis of this study is that F. enflata exhibits connectivity due to its high dispersal capacity, forming a panmictic population among the study sites. The evaluated areas included neritic (Port of Recife-PR, and Tamandaré - TA) and oceanic (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago-FN, Rocas Atoll-RA, Guará seamount-GS and Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago-SPSPA) locations of the Brazilian Blue Amazon. We used COI gene sequences as molecular marker. Partial sequences (425 bp) were obtained for 116 specimens and employed to reconstruct the phylogeny, build an haplotype network, evaluate gene flow through a migration model, and estimate diversity indices, population structuring and demographic history. High levels of haplotype diversity (mean: 0.98) and moderate to high levels of nucleotide diversity (mean: 0.023) were observed. The phylogeny and the haplotype network topologies showed some geographic clustering, indicating local structuring in GS and PR. This finding was supported by the AMOVA high global Φst (0.033, significant) and some pairwise Φst comparisons (7 out of 15 were significantly >0). Significant differences suggested lower levels of connectivity when GS population was compared to those of FN and SPSPA; as well as when TA was compared to FN. These results might be related to particularities of the oceanic dynamics which rules the TWA, sustaining such dissimilarities. Structuring was also observed between PR and all oceanic locations. We hypothesize that the topography of the port inlet, enclosured by a reef barrier, may constrain the water turnover ratio and thus migration rates of F. enflata in the TWA. Accordingly, Migrate-N yielded a four metapopulations model (PR ⇌ TA ⇌ SPSPA+FN ⇌ GS+RA) as the best (highest probability; ~0.90) to represent the structuring of F. enflata in the TWA. Therefore, the null hypothesis of one randomly mating population cannot be accepted. The demographic evaluation demonstrated that the neutral hypothesis of stable populations may not be rejected for most of the locations. This work is the start point to broaden the knowledge on the phylogeography and population genetic structure of a numerically dominant species in the Western Atlantic, with key role in the marine trophic web.
The acute effects of exercise modes on pulse wave reflection (PWR) and their relationship with autonomic control remain undefined, particularly in individuals with elevated blood pressure (BP). We ...compared PWR and autonomic modulation after acute aerobic (AE), resistance (RE), and concurrent exercise (CE) in 15 men with stage-1 hypertension (mean ± SE: 34.7 ± 2.5 years, 28.4 ± 0.6 kg/m
, 133 ± 1/82 ± 2 mmHg). Participants underwent AE, RE, and CE on different days in counterbalanced order. Applanation tonometry and heart rate variability assessments were performed before and 30-min postexercise. Aortic pressure decreased after AE (- 2.4 ± 0.7 mmHg; P = 0.01), RE (- 2.2 ± 0.6 mmHg; P = 0.03), and CE (- 3.1 ± 0.5 mmHg; P = 0.003). Augmentation index remained stable after RE, but lowered after AE (- 5.1 ± 1.7%; P = 0.03) and CE (- 7.6 ± 2.4% P = 0.002). Systolic BP reduction occurred after CE (- 5.3 ± 1.9 mmHg). RR-intervals and parasympathetic modulation lowered after all conditions (~ 30-40%; P < 0.05), while the sympathovagal balance increased after RE (1.2 ± 0.3-1.3 ± 0.3 n.u., P < 0.05). Changes in PWR correlated inversely with sympathetic and directly with vagal modulation in CE. In conclusion, AE, RE, and CE lowered central aortic pressure, but only AE and CE reduced PWR. Overall, those reductions related to decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic outflows. Autonomic fluctuations seemed to represent more a consequence than a cause of reduced PWR.
Phenolic compound consumption may have a protective effect against gastric cancer (GC). Most GC studies focus on the flavonoids class, but results are conflicting and knowledge gaps remain for other ...classes and total polyphenol intake. This study aimed to assess the association between polyphenol intake (total, flavonoids, and other classes) and GC.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases were searched for studies published up to 20 March 2022. Case-control and cohort studies analyzing the association between polyphenol intake and GC were included. For the meta-analysis, pooled summary estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and the estimates extracted adjusted for most variables. Subgroup analyses were performed for subclass (e.g., flavonoids and other classes), sex, geographical area, study design, anatomical subtype, histological subtype, family history of GC and fruit and/or vegetable intake. The study was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42022306014).
The search identified 2752 records, of which 19 studies published during the period 1999-2021 including a total of 1,197,857 subjects were eligible. Polyphenol consumption reduced GC risk by 29% (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.62-0.81; I
= 60.5%); while flavonoid intake decreased GC risk by 28% (RR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85; I
= 64.3%), similar to the reduction fort other classes (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54-0.79; I
= 72.0%). Protective effects against GC were observed in both sexes (male, RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67-0.94, I
= 31.6%; female, RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.48-0.87, I
= 49.7%) and for intestinal subtype (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52-0.82, I
= 0.0%). By continent, polyphenol consumption reduced GC risk in both Europe (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57-0.79, I
= 44.2%) and Asia (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51-0.89, I
= 60.7%).
Dietary polyphenol intake decreased GC risk. The reduction was greatest in females. Most previous studies were carried out in Europe and Asia. Further studies investigating polyphenol consumption and GC in Latin American populations are warranted.
Few studies have evaluated the association between diet-related inflammation and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and evidence is scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the association between a ...pro-inflammatory diet and GA.
A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Brazil. A total of 1645 participants-492 cases, 377 endoscopy controls, and 776 hospital controls-were included. Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII
) scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used binary and multinomial logistic regression models for the analysis of total GA, and its subtypes (cardia and non-cardia, intestinal, and diffuse histological subtypes).
In cases versus endoscopy controls, a pro-inflammatory diet, estimated by higher E-DII scores, was associated with a higher risk GA (OR
: 2.60, 1.16-5.70), of non-cardia GA (OR: 2.90, 1.06-7.82), and diffuse subtype (OR: 3.93, 1.59-9.70). In cases versus hospital controls, higher E-DII scores were associated with a higher risk of GA (OR: 2.70, 1.60-4.54), of cardia GA (OR: 3.31, 1.32-8.24), non-cardia GA (OR: 2.97, 1.64-5.39), and both intestinal (OR: 2.82, 1.38-5.74) and diffuse GA (OR: 2.50, 1.54-5.11) subtypes.
This study provides evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of GA in Brazil. E-DII requires the inclusion of sodium due to its importance in carcinogenesis.
Vanadosilicates isostructural to ETS-10 and AM-6 microporous materials were synthesized hydrothermally using derivatives of cis- and trans-3,5-dimethyl-piperidine as organic structure directing ...agents (SDAs) and were subsequently tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidehydration of glycerol to acrylic acid. The best performances were obtained with vanadosilicates prepared with 1,1,3,5-tetramethyl piperidinum cations, which were capable of converting 93.6% of glycerol to acrylic acid in one step, with 85.4% selectivity. Other important chemicals such as acrolein (3.8%), propanal (2.3%), acetaldehyde (3.2%), acetic acid (2.5%), and propionic acid (1.4%) were produced in smaller amounts. The results clearly indicated that these vanadosilicates are potential multifunctional catalysts capable of performing the oxidehydration of glycerol to acrylic acid in a single step. Spectroscopic data obtained from 51VMAS-NMR, UV-Vis, XPS, and Raman scattering analyses suggested that the selectivity of these vanadosilicates for the oxidative dehydration of glycerol to acrylic acid could be attributed to the capacity of the vanadium species for dynamic adoption of multiple oxidation states during the catalytic reaction.
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•ETS-10 like vanadosilicates were synthesized and characterized by several techniques.•Catalysts were used for glycerol conversion into acrylic acid in one step.•High glycerol conversion (93.6%) and acrylic acid selectivity (85.4%) were obtained.
The present study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of carvacrol against Salmonella Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration ...(MBC) were determined and the time-kill curve and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated by quantifying total biomass using crystal violet assay, and metabolic activity was determined using MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The action of carvacrol against preformed biofilm on polypropylene and stainless steel was also evaluated by colony counting and SEM. The MIC and MBC was 312 µg mL-1. Carvacrol at MIC and 2 x MIC eliminated cells after 6 and 1 h of treatment, respectively, as exhibited in the time-kill curve. The greatest reduction in biofilm biomass and metabolic activity was 1,719 OD550 and 0,089 OD550 respectively, both at 4 x MIC of carvacrol. In carvacrol treated biofilms of S. Typhimurium on polypropylene, a reduction of 5.12 log was observed with 4 x MIC, while on stainless steel, carvacrol at 4 x MIC reduced bacterial counts by 5 log. The results showed that carvacrol exhibits antibacterial activity and can be used as an alternative for the control of S. Typhimurium biofilms.
Liver diseases are a major health problem worldwide leading to high mortality rates and causing a considerable economic burden in many countries. Cellular therapies as potential treatments for liver ...diseases have proven beneficial in most of the conditions. In recent years, studies involving therapy with bone marrow cells have been implemented to promote liver regeneration and to reduce hepatic fibrosis, however identifying the cell population present in the bone marrow that is responsible for hepatic improvement after therapy is still necessary. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of monocytes obtained from bone marrow in fibrosis resulting from S. mansoni infection in C57BL/6 mice. Monocytes were isolated by immunomagnetic separation and administered to the infected animals. The effects of treatment were evaluated through morphometric, biochemical, immunological and molecular analyzes. Monocyte therapy promoted reduction of liver fibrosis induced by S. mansoni infection, associated with a decrease in production of inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic mediators. In addition, monocyte infusion caused downregulation of factors associated with the M1 activation profile, as well as upregulation of M2reg markers. The findings altogether reinforce the hypothesis that the predominance of M2reg macrophages, producers of immunosuppressive cytokines, may favor the improvement of hepatic fibrosis in a preclinical model, through fibrous tissue remodeling, modulation of the inflammatory response and fibrogenesis.
The efficiency of carvacrol and potassium sorbate (P.S.) alone and in combination was assessed against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in acidic pH in vitro and in tomato paste. Their ...effects on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of tomato paste were also evaluated. Carvacrol and P.S. showed Minimal Inhibitory Concentration at 312 μg/mL and 1250 μg/mL, and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration at 312 μg/mL and 10000 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and P.S. combination presented additive interaction in checkerboard assay. In time-kill curve, no viable cells were recovered with carvacrol (78 μg/mL) + P.S. (39 μg/mL) after 48 h. In tomato paste, carvacrol + P.S. at the same concentrations completely inhibited bacterial growth on the third day of storage. Physicochemical properties did not change and sensory evaluation presented an acceptance index of 67% for overall acceptance. The combined use of these compounds improved their antimicrobial activity and eliminated Salmonella spp. from tomato paste.
•Carvacrol plus P.S. at sub-inhibitory concentrations showed antibacterial activity in vitro.•Mixture of carvacrol and P.S. completely inhibited bacterial growth in tomato paste.•Tomato paste with Carvacrol and P.S. revealed good acceptability in sensorial analysis.
The present study evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of foodborne and spoilage bacteria using curcumin and a blue light emitting diode (LED). Curcumin at 75 μM was used to ...photo-irradiate Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at light doses of 139 J/cm2, 278 J/cm2 and 417 J/cm2. The cytotoxicity of curcumin in VERO cells was evaluated in similar conditions to bacterial photoinactivation assay, and the percentage of cell destruction was ≅ 13 ± 0.05%, for all light doses. Curcumin-mediated PDI of S. aureus induced a significant reduction of approximately 3.50 log CFU/ml at 139 J/cm2 and 278 J/cm2. Full inactivation was observed at 417 J/cm2. Among Gram negative bacteria, P. aeruginosa was the least susceptible to PDI, which counts were not significantly reduced. A significant reduction in E. coli counts was observed at 278 J/cm2, and no viable cells were detected after light exposure at 417 J/cm2. When photo-irradiated with curcumin at 278 J/cm2 and 417 J/cm2, A. hydrophila was completely eradicated, while a significant decrease (3.33log CFU/ml) was observed in bacterial counts at 139 J/cm2. Curcumin in combination with a blue LED is a potential candidate for PDI against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
•Bacterial viability was reduced after exposure to curcumin at 75 μM and LED light doses of 139 J/cm2, 278 J/cm2 and 417 J/cm2.•Aeromonas hydrophila displayed more sensibility to the treatment than other Gram negative bacteria.•Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant to photodynamic inactivation mediated by curcumin.
Resumo A membrana espermática é rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, o que a torna sensível à ação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, que podem prejudicar a qualidade seminal dos cachaços. O ...objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de duas fontes de selênio em diferentes doses. Trinta e cinco cachaços foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: (INOR30) 0,30 ppm de selenito de sódio; (COMP30) 0,30 ppm de metal-aminoácido de selênio; (MISTO15+15) 0,15 ppm de selenito de sódio + 0,15 ppm de metal-aminoácido de selênio e (COMP15) 0,15 ppm de metal-aminoácido de selênio. Os ejaculados dos cachaços foram avaliados durante 22 semanas, resultando em 210 amostras avaliadas para volume, motilidade, pH, presença de aglutinação e alterações morfológicas, e 140 amostras para concentração espermática. Os dados foram analisados com medidas repetidas no tempo em modelo misto, em que o tipo de suplementação de selênio, os períodos de avaliação (um período de duas semanas + cinco períodos de quatro semanas) e suas interações foram os efeitos fixos, e o animal e o funcionário que coletou os ejaculados foram os efeitos aleatórios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram não haver diferença na suplementação de selênio com as fontes e doses utilizadas. Com isso, foi possível verificar que o metal-aminoácido de selênio na dose de 0,15 ppm promove o mesmo efeito das dietas formuladas com 0,30 ppm de selenito de sódio.
Abstract The spermatic membrane is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which makes it sensitive to the action of reative species of oxygen, which can damage the seminal quality of the scraps. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of two selenium sources at different doses. Third five scraps were allocated in four groups: (INOR30) 0.30 ppm sodium selenite; (COMP30) 0.30 ppm selenium metal-amino acid; (MIXED15+15) 0.15 ppm sodium selenite + 0.15 ppm selenium metal-amino acid and (COMP15) 0.15 ppm selenium metal-amino acid. The ejaculates of the scraps were evaluated over 22 weeks, resulting in 210 samples evaluated for volume, motility, pH, presence of agglutination and morphological changes, and 140 samples for spermatic concentration. The data was analyzed with repeated measures in time in a mixed model with type of selenium supplementation, periods of evaluation (one period of two weeks + five periods of four weeks) and their interactions as fixed effects, and animal and the worker that collected the ejaculates as random effects. Results showed no difference in selenium supplementation with the sources and doses used. In this way, it was possible to verify that the metal amino acid of selenium at the dose of 0.15 ppm promotes the same effect as the diets formulated with 0.30 ppm of sodium selenite.
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