Fungi are the main contaminants of books and archival documents. In addition to their degrading power, offered by various types of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, they can also hue the surface ...of the paper through the production of pigments. The fungi on paper release various types of pigments belonging mostly to two chemical groups (polyketides and carotenoids), which cause unpleasant anaesthetic stains. The paper surface can also be hued with several synthetic colors, which are part, for example, of stamps and inks. These synthetic colors could be degraded by lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) and also by dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs). Therefore, the mechanism of action of LEMs and DyPs is illustrated. Moreover, we have examined the potentiality of LEMs and DyPs to remove the synthetic stains and also their hypothetical application in order to clean the fungal hues from the paper surface. Our review article, using the enzymatic removal parallelism between fungal and synthetic pigments, would like to show prospective solutions to this arduous problem.
Satisfaction with the work of nurses Joković, Sandra; Kekuš, Divna; Despotović, Mile ...
Sestrinska reč (Online),
2018, Letnik:
21, Številka:
76
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction. Satisfaction with work and experiencing positive emotions at work is considered to be an important part of nursing professional life, and has a significant impact on patient safety, the ...quality of services provided, commitment and stay in the organization and profession. The aim of this paper was to examine the level of satisfaction with the work of nurses. Material and methods. The research is designed according to the type of cross section study. The research sample consisted of 200 nurses working at the University Hospital Foča, the Health Center Zvornik and the Health Center Istočno Sarajevo. The instruments used in this in research are: sociodemographic questionnaire and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Statistical analysis of data was made using the SPSS software statistical package. Of the statistical tests was used χ2-square test. As a level of statistical significance, the difference was taken as the usual value of p <0.05. Results. Statistically significant negative correlation was established between satisfaction with the work and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents (r = -0,252; p = 0,017). The prospects for improvement are satisfied with 25% of the respondents, 37% had an ambivalent attitude, while 38% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction. Twenty-three percent of respondents are satisfied with communication in the organization of work, 35% are ambivalent, while 42% of respondents are dissatisfied. 21% of the respondents expressed satisfaction with the benefits and on the rewards for a well-done job, 45% were ambivalent, while 34% of the respondents were dissatisfied. Conclusion. The lowest ratings of our respondents in wage domains, rewards for well-designed work and working conditions are probably the result of the economic climate in which lives and works, fixed and inadequate wages and minimum benefits combined with the nature of the work.
Background
Studies of the difference between menstrually associated and non-menstrually associated migraine are somewhat controversial. The majority of studies have focused on comparing menstrual to ...non-menstrual attacks rather than comparing study groups with different migraine diagnoses with respect to menstruation. As there is limited knowledge available on the overall impact and burden of migraine among groups of women with and without menstrually associated migraine our goal was to examine differences between these groups. We hypothesized that there would be greater burden of migraine related to menstruation and headache frequency in a population study across groups of women.
Methods
We analyzed data from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study, a longitudinal, US, population-based study. We included female respondents to the 2009 survey, aged 18 to 60, who met modified ICHD-2 criteria for migraine, were actively menstruating and fit one of three definitions based on the self-reported association of menses and migraine attacks: self-reported predominantly menstrual migraine (MM, attacks that only or predominantly occur at the time of menses), self-reported menstrually-associated migraine (MAM, attacks commonly associated with menses, but that also occur at other times of the month), and self-reported menstrually-unrelated migraine (MUM). These three groups were compared on characteristics and measures of headache impact and burden (Headache Impact Test– 6 item (HIT-6) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS).
Results
There were 1,697 eligible subjects for this study in the following categories: MM (5.5%), MAM (53.8%), or MUM (40.7%). Women with MM had an older age of migraine onset. Those with predominantly menstrually-related attacks (MM) had fewer headache-days but appeared to be more impaired by attacks. HIT-6 and MIDAS scores were significantly higher for both the MM and MAM groups compared with the MUM groups; however, effects were more robust for MM than MAM.
Conclusions
Nearly 60% of women with migraine reported an association between migraine and menses. These women reported greater headache impact and migraine-related burden on functioning than those in whom migraines were not related to menstruation. Women with MM were more impaired by attacks while women with MAM had overall highest burden, likely due to experiencing migraines on additional days.
The irregular damp dark staining on the stonework of a salt-contaminated twelfth century granite-built chapel is thought to be related to a non-homogeneous distribution of salts and microbial ...communities. To enhance understanding of the role of microorganisms in the presence of salt and damp stains, we determined the salt content and identified the microbial ecosystem in several paving slabs and inner wall slabs (untreated and previously bio-desalinated) and in the exterior surrounding soil. Soluble salt analysis and culture-dependent approaches combined with archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS fragment as well as with the functional genes
nirK
,
dsr
, and
soxB
long-amplicon MinION-based sequencing were performed. State-of-the-art technology was used for microbial identification, providing information about the microbial diversity and phylogenetic groups present and enabling us to gain some insight into the biological cycles occurring in the community key genes involved in the different geomicrobiological cycles. A well-defined relationship between microbial data and soluble salts was identified, suggesting that poorly soluble salts (CaSO
4
) could fill the pores in the stone and lead to condensation and dissolution of highly soluble salts (Ca(NO
3
)
2
and Mg(NO
3
)
2
) in the thin layer of water formed on the stonework. By contrast, no direct relationship between the damp staining and the salt content or related microbiota was established. Further analysis regarding organic matter and recalcitrant elements in the stonework should be carried out.
Key points
•
Poorly (CaSO
4
) and highly (Ca(NO
3
)
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
) soluble salts were detected
•
Halophilic and mineral weathering microorganisms reveal ecological impacts of salts
•
Microbial communities involved in nitrate and sulfate cycles were detected
Due to their adsorbent, ion exchange and catalytic properties zeolites are suitable for a variety of applications. We report on the photocatalytic activity of a readily available and inexpensive ...natural zeolite clinoptilolite (Z) containing SnO2 (Sn-Z). The Sn-Z samples with 3–15 wt. % of Sn were prepared by using a precipitation–deposition method. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the zeolite structure was unaffected by the introduction of the Sn-phase. Diffuse reflectance UV/VIS spectra of the Sn-Z samples confirmed the presence of SnO2 and X-Ray absorption spectroscopy analyses suggested that the SnO2 particles mainly resided on the surface of the clinoptilolite, while ATR-FTIR analysis gave some clues that part of the SnO2 phase was incorporated in the pores of the zeolite. The presence of SnO2 in Sn-Z increased both adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance which could be partially explained by higher surface area and partially with an increased negative potential of the surface. Adsorption and total degradation of methylene blue (MB) for the Sn-Z with the highest amount of Sn (15 wt.%) was about 30% and 45%, respectively, suggesting a synergetic effect between SnO2 and the clinoptilolite lattice. Reusability tests showed that these catalysts present a promising material for water purification.
A qualitative constructivist study was conducted to explore university teachers' implicit theories of creativity. The aim of the study was to understand how university teachers (NL = 46) define ...creativity and perceive its manifestations and development. University teachers' conceptions of creativity were elicited using the Implicit Theories of Creativity Questionnaire (ITC-Q). The qualitative analysis resulted in five types of implicit theories of creativity and its development: individualistic theories, activity theories, result-oriented theories, relational theories, and growth theories. By including a new theoretical position, target group, and a methodological framework, the study broadened the dialogue about creativity and its development in higher education.
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