Чисти Ti филмови депоновани су радио-фреквентним магнетним спатеровакем на ФТО стаклу да би се синтетисали филмови Ti02 наноцеви (НЦ). Ti02 НЦ/ФТО узорци су синтеровани на 450, 550 и 630°C, у ...ваздуху. Термички третман ни1е утицао на састав кристалне фазе, сачува1уЬи у свим узорцима само анатас. Као што се оценивало, кристалиничност анатаса се поболшала са температуром жарека. Ипак, мале разлике у морфологии наноцеви, као што je изглед зрна унутар зидова, примеНене су у случа1у узорка синтерованог на 630°C. Применом фотоелектронске спектроскопов X-зрака ура^ена 1е хемщска анализа жарених узорака при чему 1е утвр^ено присуство Sn унутар ТО2 наноцеви, услед дифузи1е Sn из супстрата у ТО2. За супстрат 1е коришНено ФТО стакло чщи се горки слоj састо1и од Sn02 допиран са F. RBS спектроскопи1а и спектроскопи1а еластично избщ'ених она мерекем времена пролета су спроведена ради проучавака профила дубине филмова. Утвр^ено 1е да температура синтеровака контролише дифузщу Sn унутар филма ТЮ2. Атоми Sn дифундуу према површини Ti02 НЦ за узорке жарене на 450 и 550°C. Дифузща 1е ме^утим отежана у случа1у термичког третмана на 630°C. Осим тога, примеНена 1е дифузща Ti у Sn02 сло1у, при чему се формирао ме^усло1 Ti02/Sn02. Нщ'е уочена велика разлика у апсорпцщи измену узорака, пошто сви узорци садрже анатас фазу, што 1е потвр^ено спектроскопщом дифузионе рефлексще. Ме^утим, уочена 1е веНа количина Sn код узорка жареног на 550°C, што 1е довело до благог црвеног апсорпционог помера1а. Важност контроле параметара жарека анодизованих ТЮ2/ФТЮ структура 1е наглашена кроз формираке Ti02-Sn02 ме^усло1а и дифузи1е Sn из ФТО, што може играти суштинску улогу у повеНаку фотоперформанси фотонапонских структура заснованих на ТЮ2 НЦ/ФТО.
Abstract Background aims Because of the labor-intensive and time-consuming conventional protocols for the generation of dendritic cells (DCs) as the most promising tools for anti-cancer therapy that ...enable the induction of a T-helper (Th)1-mediated anti-tumor immune response, the use of short-term protocols has been proposed. However, data on the applicability of such protocols in cancer immunotherapy are quite limited. Methods We compared the phenotypic and functional capability of fast DCs (fDCs) differentiated for 24 h and then matured for 48 h with Poly (I:C), a strong Th1-promoting agent, with donor-matched conventional DCs (cDCs) differentiated for 5 days and matured likewise. Results Of 12 donors tested, we identified seven whose monocytes failed to develop into immunogenic DCs through the use of fDC protocol, on the basis of incomplete downregulation of CD14, low expression of CD1a and macrophage-like morphology. Such fDCs have significantly lower expression of CD83, CD86, CCR7 and CD40, weaker allo-stimulatory Th1- and Th17-polarizing capacity caused by poor production of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-23 and high production of IL-10, and prominent Th2-polarizing capacity, compared with donor-matched cDCs. Furthermore, such fDCs had tolerogenic properties as judged by higher expression of indolamine dioxigenase-3, IDO-1 and IL-1β and induction of a higher percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells. These findings correlated with increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production by fDC-primed CD3+ T cells and their stronger anti-proliferative capacity. Conclusions We emphasize that although fDCs could probably be applied as an alternative to cDCs for cancer therapy, the fDC protocol should not be applied to donors whose DCs acquire tolerogenic capabilities.
Inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies are uncommon congenital causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). KILT syndrome (kidney and IVC abnormalities with leg thrombosis) has only been described as case ...reports in the literature. Therefore, the characteristics, evaluation, and management of patients with KILT syndrome have not yet been standardized. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the clinical and radiographic data and treatment of previously reported cases of KILT syndrome. In this systematic review, we performed a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in December 2023, with no restrictions on the publication date. After duplicate extractions, 4195 articles were screened. Case reports and case series reporting on KILT syndrome were included. In addition to previously published cases, we included a new case of a previously healthy 25-year-old man with KILT syndrome in the analysis. A total of 34 cases were therefore included in this study. The majority (76.5%) were male patients with a median age of 24 years. In most patients, unprovoked bilateral iliofemoral thrombosis was diagnosed, and 64.7% had left kidney abnormalities. Our study suggests that anomalies of the IVC should be suspected in all young patients, especially male patients, with proximal, recurrent, or idiopathic DVT. If an IVC anomaly is confirmed, the kidneys should be examined to monitor and preserve healthy kidneys in cases of KILT syndrome. The data collected from all patients emphasize the requirement of long-term anticoagulation and risk factor control. Surgical measures may be effective for treating symptomatic refractory cases.
Despite recent advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapies, prognosis for metastatic melanoma patients remains extremely poor. Development of resistance to previously effective treatments ...presents a serious challenge and new approaches for melanoma treatment are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of telmisartan, an AGTR1 inhibitor and a partial agonist of PPARγ, on melanoma cells as a potential agent for repurposing in melanoma treatment.
Expression of AGTR1 and PPARγ mRNA in melanoma patient tumor samples was examined in publicly available datasets and confirmed in melanoma cell lines by qRT-PCR. A panel of melanoma cell lines was tested in viability, apoptosis and metabolic assays in presence of telmisartan by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. A cytotoxic effect of combinations of telmisartan and targeted therapy vemurafenib was examined using the Chou-Talalay combination index method.
Both AGTR1 and PPARγ mRNA were expressed in melanoma patient tumor samples and decreased compared to the expression in the healthy skin.
, we found that telmisartan decreased melanoma cell viability by inducing cell apoptosis. Increased glucose uptake, but not utilization, in the presence of telmisartan caused the fission of mitochondria and release of reactive oxygen species. Telmisartan altered the cell bioenergetics, thereby synergizing with vemurafenib
, and even sensitized vemurafenib-resistant cells to the treatment.
Given that the effective doses of telmisartan examined in our study can be administered to patients and that telmisartan is a widely used and safe antihypertensive drug, our findings provide the scientific rationale for testing its efficacy in treatment of melanoma progression.
Long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (
) is deregulated in many cancers because of its role in cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Additionally,
interacts with glucocorticoid receptor, making ...it a potential pharmacotranscription marker of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. In this study, we aimed at analysing
expression in the remission induction therapy phase of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in which GCs are mandatorily used, and to correlate it with therapy response.
GAS5 expression was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from 29 childhood ALL patients at diagnosis, on day 15 and day 33 of remission induction therapy using RT-qPCR methodology.
Our results have shown interindividual differences in
expression at all time points. For each ALL patient,
expression was higher on day 15 in comparison to its level at diagnosis (p<0.0005). On day 33, the level of
expression decreased in comparison with day 15 (p<0.0005), but it was still significantly higher than at diagnosis for the majority of patients (p=0.001). Patients whose number of blasts on day 8 was below 100 per μL of peripheral blood had a higher
expression at diagnosis (p=0.016), and lower ratio day 15/diagnosis (p=0.009).
Our results suggest that the expression level of
could be a potential marker of therapy response in remission induction therapy of childhood ALL.
Production of high-performance nanocomposite materials obtained from unsaturated polyester resin, based on products of the waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycling, and modified multi-walled ...carbon nanotubes is presented. Di-hydroxy functional glycolysates, synthesized by catalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with propylene glycol, were used for the unsaturated polyester resin synthesis. The structure of the obtained glycolysis product and unsaturated polyester resin were characterized by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and by acid, iodine, and hydroxyl value. Nanofillers were prepared by direct and two-step amidation of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Direct amidation with diallylamine produced multi-walled carbon nanotube-diallylamine reactive nanofiller. Two-step modification with diamines: hexamethylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine gave multi-walled carbon nanotube-hexamethylenediamine and multi-walled carbon nanotube-p-phenylenediamine nanofiller, respectively, whose amidation with methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acids gave multi-walled carbon nanotube-hexamethylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid and multi-walled carbon nanotube-p-phenylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid nanofiller, respectively. Influences of vinyl functionalities on mechanical properties of nanocomposite were analyzed from tensile strength (σb), elongation (ɛb) and Young’s modulus (E) determination. An increase of 97.4, 119 and 139% of σb was obtained for nanocomposites with addition of 0.25 wt.% of diallylamine, p-phenylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid and hexamethylenediamine/methyl ester of linseed oil fatty acid multi-walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Short techno-economic analysis, performed on the basis of fixed and variable unsaturated polyester resin production costs, showed satisfactory potential profit, which could be realized by the implementation of the presented technology.
Tuberculosis (TBC) is a contagious chronic respiratory disease which despite the known cause, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and many decades of successful therapy, remains one of the leading ...global health problems. Immune responses against Mtb infection involve both of types of immunity, but cellular immunity, in which certain cytokines and Th1 cells play a key role, is crucial. A better understanding of the functions of the cytokine network involved in the state and progression of TBC could identify specific molecular markers for monitoring of disease activity as well as therapy outcomes in TBC patients.
We investigated expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IRAK1 genes using an RT-qPCR technique in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 33 TBC patients and 10 healthy individuals.
Comparison between TBC patients and healthy individuals revealed statistically significant differences for all analyzed genes. The levels of expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were higher, while the level of IRAK1 mRNA was lower in the TBC group compared to controls. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. When clinical parameters were analyzed, increased levels of TNF-α mRNA were detected in patients with a longer duration of therapy (>2 months) compared to those with a shorter therapy duration (< 2 months), and in patients without anemia.
Our results indicate that the inflammatory genes we examined play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and that the expression of the TNF-α gene could be a marker for monitoring the clinical effect of the ant-tuberculosis drugs during therapy.
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