Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale Tremblay, Maxime A; Blanchard, Céline M; Taylor, Sara ...
Canadian journal of behavioural science,
10/2009, Letnik:
41, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) is an 18-item measure of work motivation theoretically grounded in self-determination theory (
Deci & Ryan, 2000
). The purpose of the ...present research was twofold. First, the applicability of the WEIMS in different work environments was evaluated. Second, its factorial structure and psychometric properties were assessed. Two samples of workers (military:
N
= 465; civilians:
N
= 192) voluntarily completed questionnaires. Using the WEIMS's 3 indexes (work self-determination index, work self-determined and nonself-determined motivation, respectively), results of regression analyses were supportive of its ability to predict positive and negative criteria in the workplace. Results also showed the adequacy of both its construct validity and internal consistency. Its factorial structure was also invariant across samples. Finally, its quasi-simplex pattern and relationships with psychological correlates further supported the self-determination continuum. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the applicability as well as the reliability and validity of the WEIMS in organisational settings. Results are discussed in regard to the applicability of self-determination theory to the workplace.
L'échelle de motivation intrinsèque et extrinsèque au travail (EMIET) est une mesure à 18 items de la motivation au travail ayant pour fondation théorique la théorie d'autodétermination (
Deci & Ryan, 2000
). La présente recherche s'organisaient avait deux objectifs. Premièrement, l'applicabilité de l'EMIET a été testée dans différents milieux de travail. Deuxièmement, sa structure ainsi que ses propriétés psychométriques ont été mesurées. Deux échantillons de travailleurs (militaires :
N
= 465; civils :
N
= 192) volontaires ont rempli les questionnaires. En utilisant les indexes de l'EMIET 3 (respectivement, l'index d'autodétermination au travail, de motivation au travail autodéterminée et non autodéterminée), les résultats des analyses de régression ont appuyé sa capacité prédictive de critères positifs et négatifs au travail. Les résultats ont aussi montré l'adéquation de sa validité de construit et de sa consistance interne. Sa structure factorielle était aussi constante à travers les groupes. Finalement, son patron quasi-simplex et ses relations avec des corrélats psychologiques sont davantage venus appuyer le continuum d'autodétermination. En somme, ces résultats fournissent des appuis pour l'applicabilité, la fidélité et la validité de l'EMIET en milieu de travail.
Sewage discharges constitute severe stress in freshwater ecosystems. The Ramalhoso River belongs to the Tagus River watershed and was chosen for a pilot study on the impact of wastewaters discharges ...in a freshwater ecosystem and its ability for self-depuration. Twelve water samples were collected along the river and were georeferenced. The first point is located upstream of the first discharge point, the second one corresponding to the discharge flow, and all the other samples located downstream of secondary inflows at approximately equal distances. Three sampling campaigns were conducted during the rainy winter (January), the intermediate conditions (March), and the dry season (June). The following chemical parameters were analyzed: biochemical oxygen demand for 5 days (BOD
5
), dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), total phosphorus (P
total
), total nitrogen (N
total
), pH, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), microbiological parameters (MP), and flow determination. Dissolved oxygen, BOD
5
, and TSS were used as indicators of environmental pollution. A coupled hydrodynamic and water dispersion model simulated different pollution scenarios using the QUAL2kw software to construct a water quality model. The simulation results are consistent with field observations and demonstrate that the model has been correctly calibrated, allowing feasibility studies of different treatment schemes and the development of specific monitoring activities.
The purpose of the study was to assess a large representative sample of cancer patients on distress levels, common psychosocial problems, and awareness and use of psychosocial support services. A ...total of 3095 patients were assessed over a 4-week period with the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), a common problems checklist, and on awareness and use of psychosocial resources. Full data was available on 2776 patients. On average, patients were 60 years old, Caucasian (78.3%), and middle class. Approximately, half were attending for follow-up care. Types of cancer varied, with the largest groups being breast (23.5%), prostate (16.9%), colorectal (7.5%), and lung (5.8%) cancer patients. Overall, 37.8% of all patients met criteria for general distress in the clinical range. A higher proportion of men met case criteria for somatisation, and more women for depression. There were no gender differences in anxiety or overall distress severity. Minority patients were more likely to be distressed, as were those with lower income, cancers other than prostate, and those currently on active treatment. Lung, pancreatic, head and neck, Hodgkin's disease, and brain cancer patients were the most distressed. Almost half of all patients who met distress criteria had not sought professional psychosocial support nor did they intend to in the future. In conclusion, distress is very common in cancer patients across diagnoses and across the disease trajectory. Many patients who report high levels of distress are not taking advantage of available supportive resources. Barriers to such use, and factors predicting distress and use of psychosocial care, require further exploration.
Various astrophysical studies have motivated the investigation of the transport of high energy particles in magnetic turbulence, either in the source or en route to the observation sites. For strong ...turbulence and large rigidity, the pitch-angle scattering rate is governed by a simple law involving a mean free path that increases proportionally to the square of the particle energy. In this paper, we show that perpendicular diffusion deviates from this behavior in the presence of a mean field. We propose an exact theoretical derivation of the diffusion coefficients and show that a mean field significantly changes the transverse diffusion even in the presence of a stronger turbulent field. In particular, the transverse diffusion coefficient is shown to reach a finite value at large rigidity instead of increasing proportionally to the square of the particle energy. Our theoretical derivation is corroborated by a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation. We briefly discuss several possible applications in astrophysics.
ESD mm-Wave-Circuit Protection: 3-dB Couplers Margalef-Rovira, M.; Pelletier, G.; Avramovic, V. ...
IEEE transactions on electron devices,
12/2021, Letnik:
68, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article presents an innovative architecture for the implementation of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) devices. The proposed architecture is based on the ...use of 3-dB couplers, whose coupled outputs have been shorted to the ground node. In order to reduce the physical dimensions of the 3-dB coupler and to reach the high coupling required for this application, the Coupled Slow wave CoPlanar Waveguides (CS-CPWs) architecture was favored. The demonstrator of the proposed system was fabricated in the STMicroelectronics 55-nm bipolar-cmos (BiCMOS) technology, demonstrating a return loss greater than 10 dB across the 50-160-GHz frequency range, an attenuation greater than 18 dB below 5 GHz, and a minimum insertion loss at 90 GHz of 0.55 dB. To prove the performance of the proposed solution, human body model (HBM) and charge device model (CDM) events were simulated at the input of the 3-dB coupler, showing that the proposed architecture effectively protects against these events while minimally impacting the RF path.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) practices often require brokering across academic and disciplinary boundaries. As a group of seven diverse international SoTL scholars, we utilise ...scholarly personal narratives (SPN) as our methodology to document and explore our experiences of brokering across our multiple roles, disciplines and contexts. Guided by Simmons's 4M framework, we examine brokering within and across micro, meso, macro, and mega levels, illuminating the complexity of brokering. Our focus in this article is on the ways that brokering strengthens one's sense of identity, sense of legitimacy, and sense of community as a SoTL practitioner. Our study contributes to the broader SoTL literature by seeking to reaffirm SoTL as its own unique and legitimate field, emphasising the importance and complexity of brokering, and encouraging and supporting others who work within SoTL.
Abstract
Background
The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significantly improved through selective breeding, but fiber elongation has largely been ignored, even though ...elongation contributes to determining the energy needed to break fibers. Recent developments to calibrate the high volume instrument (HVI) for elongation has renewed interest in elongation. However, it is not understood how best to utilize yet another fiber property which has the potential to add to the complexity of fiber selection. To explore a practical approach to applying elongation, cotton samples were tested using single fiber methods, the Stelometer, and the HVI. Comparison of strength, elongation, and combined properties such as modulus were explored.
Results
HVI testing was shown to be sensitive enough to characterize elongation differences but unlike single fiber testing it was unable to capture within-sample variation. Fiber bundle testing, like Stelometer and HVI was shown to reduce bias due to fiber selection.
Conclusion
The use of secant modulus, an intrinsic material property, allowed for one value to represent both strength and elongation. Secant modulus was shown to contain more useful information than either elongation or work-to-break. Work-to-break was shown to be more influenced by a specific value of breaking force or elongation rather than the intrinsic behavior of the sample being tested. Exploring the influence of genetics and environment on elongation, and its interaction with other fiber properties, requires additional work. Secant modulus, by combining strength and elongation into one value, shows the potential to incorporate elongation values into fiber characterization without increasing the complexity of current fiber selection processes.
Considerable research guided by the Self Determination Theory has demonstrated that people who are motivated by more self-determined reasons (e.g., enjoyment, core beliefs, or personally meaningful ...benefits) are more likely to be physical activity. However, far less is known about the role ones’ stage of change (readiness for physical activity) plays in this relationship. The purpose of the present study was to (a) determine if the six forms of motivation and indices of physical activity varied across the stages of change, and (b) investigate if composite scores of self-determined and non-self-determined motivation were differentially related to physical activity indices depending on the stage of change of the individual. In total, 700 adults aged 18–65 ('M'age = 32.59; 'SD' = 12.82) completed an online survey consisting of demographics, and assessments of stages of change, motivation, and physical activity. Results demonstrated that participants at more advanced stages of change reported significantly higher self-determined motives, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and frequency of physical activity, and lower amotivation, with introjected regulation peaking at the implementation phase. Moderation analyses indicated that stages of change moderated the relationship between self-determined motives and moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as physical activity frequency, but did not moderate the relationship between non-self-determined motives and indices of physical activity. Findings suggested that participants’ self-determined motives play a critical role in physical activity and becomes more important at more advanced stages of change, which is important to consider for program and intervention development.
In 3 studies, the authors examined how autonomous and controlled forms of motivation for the regulation of eating behaviors were related to self-reported eating behaviors, and sustained dietary ...behavior change. Studies 1 and 2 supported the factorial structure and the psychometric properties of a scale designed to measure different forms of regulation as defined by Self-Determination Theory. A motivational model of the regulation of eating behaviors suggested that an autonomous regulation was positively associated with healthy eating behaviors whereas a controlled regulation was positively associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors and negatively associated with healthy eating behaviors. In Study 3, long-term adherence to healthier dietary behaviors in a population at risk for coronary artery disease was examined over a 26-week period. A general measure of self-determined motivation assessed at week 1 was found to be a reliable predictor of the level of self-determination for eating behaviors 13 weeks later. In turn, self-determination for eating behaviors was a significant predictor of dietary behavior changes at 26 weeks. Finally, the dietary behavior measures were related to improvements in weight and blood lipid parameters (LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides). Results are discussed in terms of their implication for the integration and maintenance of a successful healthy regulation.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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