The tapetum, a crucial innermost layer encompassing male reproductive cells within the anther wall, plays a pivotal role in normal pollen development. The transcription factors (TFs) bHLH010/089/091 ...redundantly facilitate the rapid nuclear accumulation of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1, a gatekeeper TF in the tapetum. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of bHLH010/089/091 remain unknown. In this study, we reveal that caffeoyl coenzyme A O-methyltransferase 1 (CCoAOMT1) is a negative regulator affecting the nuclear localization and function of bHLH010 and bHLH089, probably through their K259 site. Our findings underscore that CCoAOMT1 promotes the nuclear export and degradation of bHLH010 and bHLH089. Intriguingly, elevated CCoAOMT1 expression resulted in defective pollen development, mirroring the phenotype observed in bhlh010 bhlh089 mutants. Moreover, our investigation revealed that the K259A mutation in the bHLH089 protein disrupted its translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol and impeded its degradation induced by CCoAOMT1. Importantly, transgenic plants with the probHLH089::bHLH089
construct failed to rescue proper pollen development or gene expression in bhlh010 bhlh089 mutants. Collectively, these findings emphasize the need to maintain balanced TF homeostasis for male fertility. They firmly establish CCoAOMT1 as a pivotal regulator that is instrumental in achieving equilibrium between the induction of the tapetum transcriptional network and ensuring appropriate anther development.
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) high voltage direct current transmission (HVdc) technology plays a great role on multilevel dc systems and large capacity transmission systems gradually. ...Therefore, the protection for the MMC-HVdc system becomes particularly important, for the impact acreage of dc short faults is wider, and damage is more serious. In this paper, the MMC-HVdc system electromagnetic transient characteristics of fault are analyzed and the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) resistance model is established for a resistive SFCL (R-SFCL) during the short fault. The thermal-electrical process of R-SFCL limiting short current is calculated by iteration method. Then, an R-SFCL based on noninductive bifilar pancake is designed for a ±160 kV bipolar MMC-HVdc system. The validity of the theoretical calculation method and design scheme is justified by the simulation in software PSCAD. The results show that the response time of the R-SFCL based on noninductive bifilar pancake is 0.1 ms and the short circuit current suppression rate is 35%-50% in 3-8 ms after the dc short fault.
Diffuse midline glioma-H3K27M mutant (DMG) and glioblastoma (GBM) are the most lethal brain tumors that primarily occur in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. Both tumors exhibit significant ...heterogeneity, shaped by distinct genetic/epigenetic drivers, transcriptional programs including RNA splicing, and microenvironmental cues in glioma niches. However, the spatial organization of cellular states and niche-specific regulatory programs remain to be investigated. Here, we perform a spatial profiling of DMG and GBM combining short- and long-read spatial transcriptomics, and single-cell transcriptomic datasets. We identify clinically relevant transcriptional programs, RNA isoform diversity, and multi-cellular ecosystems across different glioma niches. We find that while the tumor core enriches for oligodendrocyte precursor-like cells, radial glial stem-like (RG-like) cells are enriched in the neuron-rich invasive niche in both DMG and GBM. Further, we identify niche-specific regulatory programs for RG-like cells, and functionally confirm that FAM20C mediates invasive growth of RG-like cells in a neuron-rich microenvironment in a human neural stem cell derived orthotopic DMG model. Together, our results provide a blueprint for understanding the spatial architecture and niche-specific vulnerabilities of DMG and GBM.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that can lead to significant harm, such as heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and blindness. Although T2D-related genes have been identified ...through Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and various computational methods, the biological mechanism of T2D at the cell type level remains unclear. Exploring cell type-specific genes related to T2D is essential to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the disease. To address this issue, we introduce DiGCellNet (predicting Disease Genes with Cell type specificity based on biological Networks), a model that integrates graph convolutional network (GCN) and multi-task learning (MTL) to predict T2D-associated cell type-specific genes based on the biological network. Our work represents the first attempt to predict cell type-specific disease genes using GCN and MTL. We evaluate our approach by predicting genes specific to four cell types and demonstrate that the proposed DiGCellNet outperforms other models that combine node embeddings with traditional machine learning algorithms. Moreover, DiGCellNet successfully identifies CALM1 as a gene specific to beta cell type in T2D cases, and this association is confirmed using an independent dataset. The code is available at https://github.com/23AIBox/23AIBox-DiGCellNet.
•A method named DiGCellNet was proposed for predicting cell type-specific T2D genes.•DiGCellNet combines GCN and multi-task learning strategy.•A beta cell type-specific gene was identified by DiGCellNet.
The single-band red upconversion (UC) emission of lanthanide-doped materials have attracted attention due to its great potential for versatile applications. In this work, YbOCl:
x
Er
3+
with super ...pure red UC emission had been successfully synthesized by conventional high temperature solid-state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed the rhombohedral structure with space group
R
-3
m
(166). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited agglomeration morphology of smooth sheets with nanometer thickness. The UC emission spectra of YbOCl:Er
3+
manifested intense red emission and much lower green emission when pumped by 980 nm diode laser. The dominating red emission peaking at 670 nm was assigned to the electron transition
4
F
9/2
→
4
I
15/2
. The green emission at 521 nm and 547 nm were corresponding to
2
H
11/2
→
4
I
15/2
and
4
S
3/2
→
4
I
15/2
transition of Er
3+
, respectively. The CIE chromaticity coordinates showed the color of samples lain in red region and the purity of red emission could be tuned by the concentration of Er
3+
. The UC luminescence mechanism was proposed based on the relationship of UC intensity versus pump power density and their lifetime. Our research provided a new thought for realizing single-band red emission without any further modification.
As cancer mortality is high in most regions of the world, early screening of cancer has become increasingly important. Minimally invasive screening programs that use peripheral blood mononuclear ...cells (PBMCs) are a new and reliable strategy that can achieve early detection of tumors by identifying marker genes. From 797 datasets, four (GSE12771, GSE24536, GSE27562, and GSE42834) including 428 samples, 236 solid tumor cases, and 192 healthy controls were chosen according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 285 genes from among 440 reported genes were selected by meta-analysis. Among them, 4 of the top significantly differentially expressed genes (ANXA1, IFI44, IFI44L, and OAS1) were identified as marker genes of PBMCs. Pathway enrichment analysis identified, two significant pathways, the 'primary immunodeficiency' pathway and the 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' pathway. Protein- protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed the top 27 hubs with a degree centrality greater than 23 to be hub genes. We also identified 3 modules in Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis: Cluster 1 (related to ANXA1), Cluster 2 (related to IFI44 and IFI44L) and Cluster 3 (related to OAS1). Among the 4 marker genes, IFI44, IFI44L, and OAS1 are potential diagnostic biomarkers, even though their results were not as remarkable as those for ANXA1 in our study. ANXA1 is involved in the immunosuppressive mechanism in tumor-bearing hosts and may be used in a new strategy involving the use of the host's own immunity to achieve tumor suppression.
This paper presents a neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control for the permanent magnet synchronous motor system with time delays and asymmetric time-varying output constraint. The core ...challenge is how to address the time delays and asymmetric output constraint when designing a finite-time control scheme. Given this, a proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is introduced to address time delays, and a nonlinear transformation function is considered to convert the output-constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Then, a neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control approach is devised in the finite-time backstepping framework, which applies neural networks to estimate the unknown nonlinear functions and introduces first-order filters to solve the “explosion of complexity” problems. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that all the signals of the resulting system are finite-time stable and the tracking error converges to a neighborhood of origin in finite time without violating the output constraint. Finally, the simulation results show that the integration of squared error results, the integral of time and absolute error results as well as the integration of absolute value error results of the proposed scheme is smaller than the tested scheme by 0.3458
R
a
d
2
, 22.2977
R
a
d
⋅
s
, and 2.2513
R
a
d
, respectively, when the time delays are considered. It further elucidates the availability and superiority of the developed method.
This study investigated the relationship between cognitive abilities and age differences in information search and the moderating role of task self-relevance by measuring the decision-making ...processes of participants in both high and low self-relevance decision-making tasks. The sample included 57 young and 65 older adults. They viewed five-alternative × five-attribute decision matrices that required them to open, with a mouse click, the information cells that interested them. Processing speed, verbal fluency, working memory, and vocabulary were measured as cognitive abilities. The dependent variables were search engagement (including time-related engagement and frequency-related engagement) and search pattern (calculated based on alternative-based or attribute-based search). The results from structured equation modeling showed that age negatively predicted these cognitive abilities (processing speed, verbal fluency, working memory, and vocabulary) and positively predicted information search engagement. Processing speed mediated the effect of age on study time per cell under tasks with both high and low self-relevance. Verbal fluency, meanwhile, mediated the total search time and checking time per cell when the task was highly self-related but not when the task had low self-relevance. These results suggest that self-relevance can moderate the mediation effect of verbal fluency on the relationship between age and information search time; this means that older adults whose verbal fluency was limited require relatively more time to search information to make an informed decision. However, this effect is only sufficient when the decision-making task is highly self-related and provokes more engagement motivation toward it.
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•Crystal face-selective Bi4Ti3O12/BiOI heterojunction was synthesized by epitaxy growth.•Bi4Ti3O12/BiOI-3 heterojunction exhibits the best photocatalytic activity for degrading RhB ...solution among all samples.•Ferroelectric properties show vital influence for photocatalytic activity.•The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity was discussed.
Spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric is used to promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, showing tremendous potentials of solar-light driven photocatalytic. However, designing a system of efficient response to visible light, remains a fundamental challenge due to rapid recombination of electrons-holes and weak absorption in visible region. Here, we synthetized Bi4Ti3O12/BiOI heterojunction, which BiOI nanosheets selectively deposited on (110) facets of Bi4Ti3O12 by epitaxy growth. The synthetized heterojunction is characterized by phase structures, morphology, and surface chemical state. The results of ferroelectric phase curve illustrate that the construction of heterojunction enhances the ferroelectric properties, which is favorable to improve the separation and recombination processes of carriers. Furthermore, the sample Bi4Ti3O12/BiOI-3 reveals better photocatalytic kinetics in photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible-light irradiation, which is about 74.16 and 1.83 times faster than that of pure Bi4Ti3O12 and BiOI. This work provides an effective and scalable strategy for designing a system of efficient response to visible light.
Phase-to-ground faults in underground cables are usually correlated with the metallic sheaths. This work proposes a fault location method for the three-core cable in distribution system using voltage ...and current measurements at the both terminals. First, a generic model for the three-core cable with independent sheath is constructed by lumped parameter approach. Then, considering the practical measurement restrictions, a simplified yet effective equivalent circuit is proposed on the basis of the generic model. Additionally, the analysis of the earthed strap current is presented. The earthed strap current is used to determine cable fault distance by voltage and current equations. By PSCAD/EMTDC, an effectiveness evaluation of the proposed model is given, and the performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated with extensive fault simulations. The results demonstrate the method is not affected by different fault conditions. Finally, the comparison with other algorithms shows higher accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for a three-core cable with independent sheath.
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