El siglo XX estuvo marcado por grandes crisis económicas y sociales. De ellas surgieron nuevas formas de comprender a la vida y al arte. A partir de las guerras mundiales, el estilo de vida de la ...mujer cambiaría radicalmente, junto con el estilo de su indumentaria, que se adecuaría a sus nuevas necesidades. El arte, con las vanguardias y las neovanguardias, rompería con todas sus tradiciones, y desdibujaría sus límites. En este camino común de transformación, arte y moda se fueron nutriendo mutuamente a lo largo del siglo. Destacándose la década del veinte, en la que diseñadores y artistas se infuyeron entre sí, bajo la estética del art déco, del cubismo y del surrealismo. Y la década del sesenta, con el pop art, las experiencias del arte de acción y, en menor medida, el arte abstracto; en donde la moda formó parte de la unión y de la experimentación entre las distintas disciplinas artísticas. Estas experiencias habilitarían, a artistas y diseñadores, a trabajar con total libertad en las décadas fnales del siglo. Esta libertad creativa continúa en la actualidad.
Abstract This study investigates the motivations, views and experiences of semen donors willing to have contact with their offspring. An online questionnaire for semen donors was posted by the ...US-based Donor Sibling Registry in 2009. A total of 164 respondents who had previously been donors completed the questionnaire, which consisted of 45 open and closed questions covering motivations for donating, health and medical information, experiences of donating, contact with offspring and implications of donating and contact for their families. The donors’ primary motivation was to help other families, although payment was also a factor. Almost all donors were open to contact with their offspring and, where donors were partnered, three-quarters of the partners also supported possible contact. Almost one-third, however, had reservations about contact or were opposed. Two-thirds of donors’ own children were interested in meeting the offspring. Contact between a donor and his offspring is often seen as a coming together of these two people only. The results of this study suggest that there are important ramifications for both of the families who become linked. Understanding gamete donation in this broader family context is crucial to the contribution that health professionals can make in this area.
The role of life satisfaction as a determinant of pro-environmental behavior remains largely unexplored in the extant literature. Using a sample of undergraduate students, we explore the effect of ...life satisfaction on low- and high-cost pro-environmental behaviors. While low-cost pro-environmental behavior has been defined as recycling activities, high-cost pro-environmental behavior is defined in a contingent valuation framework in which respondents are asked about their willingness to pay extra for offsetting CO
emissions, thus avoiding treating the proposed payment as symbolic. Controlling for demographic characteristics and environmental concern, results suggest that life satisfaction has a slightly stronger, and more significant, effect on high-cost pro-environmental behavior than in low-cost pro-environmental behavior. This study also finds that environmental concern and having siblings with a university degree increases the probability of engaging in both behaviors. However, family income is a better predictor of high-cost pro-environmental behavior than of low-cost pro-environmental behavior.
Magnesium alloy foams have the potential to serve as structural material for regular light-weight applications as well as for biodegradable scaffold implants. However, their main disadvantage relates ...to the high reactivity of magnesium and consequently their natural tendency to corrode in regular service conditions and in physiological environments. The present study aims at evaluating the effect of porosity on the corrosion resistance of MRI 201S magnesium alloy foams in 0.9% NaCl solution and in phosphate buffer saline solution as a simulated physiological electrolyte. The magnesium foams were produced by powder metallurgy technology using space-holding particles to control the porosity content. Machined chips were used as raw material for the production of Mg alloy powder by milling process. The microstructure of the foams was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization analysis. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that the porosity has a significant effect on the corrosion resistance of the tested foams. Foams with 14–19% porosity have a corrosion rate of 4–10mcd and 7–15mcd in NaCl and phosphate buffer saline solution, respectively, compared to only 0.10mcd for the same alloy in as cast conditions. This increased corrosion degradation of the Mg foams by more than one order of magnitude compared to the cast alloy may limit their potential application in regular and physiological environments.
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•Porosity has a detrimental effect on corrosion resistance of MRI 201S Mg foams.•14–19% porosity increases the corrosion rate by more than one order of magnitude.•Accelerated corrosion limits the use of foams in regular/physiological environments.
To investigate the incidence of non-cancer mortalities and prognostic factors associated with competitive causes of death in a homogeneous cohort of patients with locally advanced head and neck ...cancer treated with radiotherapy and systemic treatment.
This study included 284 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy and systemic treatment between 2005 and 2017. The cumulative incidence of death associated with tumour, second tumours, treatment, side effects and comorbidity was calculated. A Fine and Gray regression model was used to investigate factors associated with cancer and competitive mortality.
The cumulative incidence of tumoral death at 5 and 10 years were 35 and 47% respectively, whereas the cumulative incidence of competitive mortality were 10 and 12% respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age and comorbidity were independent factors for non-cancer mortality. Patients with a high risk of non-cancer mortality presented a cumulative incidence of 17.3% at 5 years and 18.4% at 10 years.
This study demonstrated a high incidence of competing mortality in older patients with comorbidities. Non-cancer deaths should be considered when selecting patients for combination therapies and in the study design ofclinical trials.
Computers have enhanced productivity and cost-effectiveness in all of the creative industries, and their value as tools is rarely doubted. But can machines serve as more than mere tools, and assume ...the role and responsibilities of a co-creative partner, or even become goal-setting, autonomous creators in their own right? These are the questions that define the discipline of computational creativity. The answers require an algorithmic understanding of how humans give meaning to form, but a transformation in the way we think about creativity is unlikely to occur in a single bound. Rather, interdisciplinary insights from diverse fields must first inform our models, and shape a narrative of creativity in which machines are both tools and creators. To set the stage for the newest work, this introduction to the special issue on computational creativity shows where the field is going, and where it has come from.
The European Union (EU) considers biofuels as an option to reduce GHG emissions. However, biofuels mandates are controversial because of the concerns regarding unintended environmental, social and ...economic consequences. EU renewable energy directives introduced some requirements that biofuels should meet to be certified as sustainable. Today almost all the EU’s biofuel consumption intended for transport complies with the EU’s sustainability requirements. This paper investigates social preferences in Spain for sustainable biofuels and, in particular, the willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable biodiesel. To do that, a choice experiment approach was used with data from a survey conducted in Zaragoza. Results indicate that consumers are willing to pay, a premium of 5% for biodiesel. This premium is slightly lower than the extra-price they are willing to pay for the convenience of finding biodiesel in their usual petrol station (6%). We identified two segments of consumers according to their WTP for the different biodiesel characteristics. One segment was more willing to pay for biodiesel while the other one attached more importance to fuelling convenience and biodiesel availability.
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This work proposes a methodology for conducting field work in computational creativity, referring to field work as the effort of actively making a system or its artifacts widely accessible outside ...the academic world. Field work aims to study how creative computer agents and/or their products influence society, and how the dynamics that arise from the interaction between people and those inventive machines or their artifacts can inform the design of computational creativity methods, systems and artefacts. In this paper, we reflect on our experiences making our systems ALYSIA and MEXICA broadly available. In the case of ALYSIA, the system itself was made accessible, whereas MEXICA’s artifacts (stories) were shared through a traditionally published book for a broad readership. We then propose a five step methodology for effectively conducting field work in Computational Creativity. The participation of the computational creativity community is essential to test and enrich this methodology.
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