On average values of convex functions Pečarić, J.; Perić, I.; Roqia, G.
Aequationes mathematicae,
09/2013, Letnik:
86, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this paper is to give an extension of an inequality proved by Wulbert (Math Comput Model 37:1383–1391,
2003
, Lemma 2.5) and to define Stolarsky type means as an application of this ...inequality. Further, we discuss some properties of averages of a continuous convex function, some consequences of a double inequality given by Wulbert (Math Comput Model 37:1383–1391,
2003
, Theorem 3.3) and obtain improvement results of Wulbert (Math Comput Model 37:1383–1391,
2003
, Corollary 4.3).
A novel signal processing concept for X-ray imaging with directly converting pixelated semiconductor sensors is presented. The novelty of this approach compared to existing concepts is the ...combination of charge integration and photon counting in every single pixel. Simultaneous operation of both signal processing chains extends the dynamic range beyond the limits of the individual schemes and allows determination of the mean photon energy. Medical applications such as X-ray computed tomography can benefit from this additional spectral information through improved contrast and the ability to determine the hardening of the tube spectrum due to attenuation by the scanned object. A prototype chip in 0.35-micrometer technology has been successfully tested. The pixel electronics are designed using a low-swing differential current mode logic. Key element is a configurable feedback circuit for the charge sensitive amplifier which provides continuous reset, leakage current compensation and replicates the input signal for the integrator. This paper will discuss measurement results of the prototype structures and give details on the circuit design
Background This study determined whether transfer of the renin gene from the Dahl salt-resistant (Dahl R) strain into the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background restores the relaxation of middle ...cerebral arteries (MCAs) to different vasodilator stimuli in S/renRR renin congenic (SS.SR–(D13N1 and Syt2)/Mcwi) (RGRR) rats maintained on low-salt (0.4% NaCl) diet. Methods Responses to vasodilator stimuli were evaluated in isolated MCA from SS (Dahl SS/Jr/Hsd/MCWi), RGRR rats, and Dahl R rats. Results MCA from SS rats failed to dilate in response to acetylcholine (ACh; 10−6 mol/l), hypoxia (PO2 reduction to 40–45mmHg), and iloprost (10−11 g/ml). ACh- and hypoxia-induced dilations were present in Dahl R rats and restored in RGRR rats. MCA from RGRR and SS constricted in response to iloprost, whereas MCA from Dahl R rats dilated in response to iloprost. MCA from SS, RGRR, and Dahl R rats exhibited similar dilations in response to cholera toxin (10−9 g/ml) and dialated in response to the nitric oxide (NO) donor DEA-NONOate (10−5 mol/l). Conclusions (i) Restoration of normal regulation of the renin–angiotensin system restores dilations to ACh and hypoxia that are impaired in SS rats, (ii) prostacyclin signaling is impaired in SS and RGRR rats but intact in Dahl R rats, indicating that alleles other than the renin gene affect vascular relaxation in response to this agonist; and (iii) vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to NO is preserved in SS and RGRR and is not responsible for impaired arterial relaxation in response to ACh in SS rats.
High voltage CMOS pixel sensors will be or are proposed to be used in several particle physics experiments for particle tracking like Mu3e experiment. ATLASPIX3 is the first full reticle size ...monolithic HVCMOS sensor for construction of multi-chip modules. The specifications for the use case have been taken from ATLAS pixel upgrade in fifth layer where it was a candidate for. The size of the chip is 2.0×2.1 cm2 with periphery at one side which makes the chip 3-side buttable. ATLASPIX3 has been implemented in a standard 180 nm HVCMOS process. Each pixel has an area of 150×50μm2 and contains a large charge collecting electrode implemented as deep n-well. The depleted volume around the n-well is enlarged by a high voltage bias and the usage of higher resistivity substrate. The readout electronics supports both triggered and triggerless readout with zero-suppression. ATLASPIX3 could be used for the construction of CMOS modules for particle tracking in experiments where high time resolution, high radiation tolerance, low power and low material budget are required. In the design phase, special attention has been paid to decreasing timing differences between pixels and the rate capability of the readout.
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