(1) Background: Self-adhesive systems have been proposed for the orthodontic bonding with the intention to reduce the traditional three-component system. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 32 ...extracted intact permanent premolars randomly divided into two groups (
= 16). In Group I the metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT Primer and Transbond XT Paste. In Group II the metal brackets were bonded with GC Ortho connect. The resin was polymerized for 20 s from two directions (mesial and occlusal) using a Bluephase light-curing unit. The shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using a universal testing machine. Immediately after SBS testing, Raman microspectrometry was performed for each sample to calculate the degree of conversion (DC). (3) Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the SBS between the two groups. A significantly higher DC (
< 0.001) value was recorded in Group II, in which the brackets were bonded with GC. Very weak or no correlation (0.01) was recorded between SBS and DC in Group I and moderate positive correlation was recorded in Group II (0.33). (4) Conclusions: No difference was found in SBS between the conventional and two-step systems used in orthodontics. The two-step system demonstrated higher DC compared to the conventional system. There is a very weak or moderate correlation between DC and SBS.
The study explored whether television commercials change the perception of one's own dentofacial attractiveness and to identify if it is influenced by personality traits.
The sample included 83 ...participants, aged 19-27 years. The experimental group (N=42) watched commercials portraying famous young individuals with high smile esthetics, bright teeth and no visible malocclusions, while the control group (N=41) watched neutral commercials (without people or visible teeth). The perception of subjects` own orofacial esthetics and its psychosocial effects were assessed a month before the exposure and immediately after it. The subjects` malocclusion severity and personality characteristics (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, intellect, self-esteem and perfectionism) were assessed.
In their second report, respondents were inclined to report less psychosocial impacts with small differences (ranging from 0-3 scalar points on average) and less significant in the active group compared to neutral group (2 out of 7 vs. 5 out of 7 aspects). Types of visual stimuli were a significant predictor only of changes pertaining to psychological impact of dental esthetics (p=0.045; r=0.221). The intellect moderated perception of smile esthetics, after having been exposed to commercials, accentuated beautiful smiles as a suppressor (ΔR
=0.076; p=0.005; total model R
=0.347; p=0.033). In subjects with higher cognitive abilities, an increase in the self-perceived malocclusion level induced a smaller decrease in psychological impact of dental esthetics as compared to those with lower intellect.
Psychosocial influences of malocclusion are not stable and tend to decrease during time. However, the exposure to a high smile esthetic of other individuals can inhibit that process in persons with more severe malocclusion and higher cognitive abilities.
Aim
The study aimed to evaluate to which extent self-reported symptomatology, age, and sex are predictors of titanium and nickel allergic sensitization in patients in treatment with fixed orthodontic ...appliances.
Methods
The study analyzed 228 subjects aged 11–45 years (median 18, interquartile range 16–22); 68% of them were females, and 52% were adolescents. The allergic sensitization testing included epicutaneous patch test to titanium, titanium dioxide, titanium oxalate, titanium nitride, and nickel sulfate. The questionnaire on symptoms potentially linked to titanium and nickel sensitization was used.
Results
Prevalence of the allergic sensitization to titanium in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment was 4% (2% only to titanium without nickel) while to nickel 14% (12% nickel without titanium). Hypersensitivity to both metals at the same time was present in 2% of subjects. Sensitization to nickel was more common in females than in males (17 vs. 8%) and much more common in adults than in adolescents with small effect size (20 vs. 8%;
p
= 0.013). Sensitization to titanium was more common in females than in males (6 vs. 1%) with no difference in age. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that adult age increases the odds for being sensitized to nickel for 2.4 × (95% CI 1.1–5.6;
p
= 0.044) while watery eyes for 3.7 × (95% CI 1.2–11.1;
p
= 0.022). None of the symptoms were significant predictors of titanium sensitization.
Conclusion
Allergic sensitization to titanium and nickel are not very frequent in orthodontic patients, and self-reported symptomatology is a weak predictor of those sensitizations.
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health today. The aim of this study was to analyze antibiotic prescribing patterns and quality of prescribing in Croatian dental ...practices over a 5-year period.
This is a retrospective observational study based on the analysis of the electronic prescriptions (medicines in ATC groups J01 and P01) from dental practices in Croatia prescribed from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Prescriptions were retrieved from the Croatian Health Insurance Fund (HZZO). The analyses included the number of prescriptions, type and quantity of prescribed drugs, indication, and the patient's and prescriber's characteristics.
The consumption increased from 1.98 DID in 2015, to 2.10 DID in 2019. The most prescribed antibiotic was Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid followed by Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Metronidazole and Cefalexin. The analyses showed that 29.79% of antibiotics were not prescribed in accordance with the contemporary guidelines for the proper use of antibiotics. Additionally, 22% of antibiotics were prescribed in inconclusive indications.
The research showed an increase in antibiotic consumption over five years along with unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics in cases with no indications for its use. The development of national guidelines for antibiotic use is necessary.
To investigate the influence of personality traits in addition to quality of life (QoL) on the decision to accept orthognathic surgery.
A total of 108 patients (68% female) aged 14-53 years (median, ...18 years; interquartile range, 17-25.75 years), with skeletal malocclusions of Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need grades 3-5 (moderate to very great need for surgery) were included in this cross-sectional study. Personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, consciousness, perfectionism, and self-esteem and dimensions of Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire were compared between patients who accepted orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery and those who refused (n = 55 vs 53).
Patients who accepted the suggested surgical procedure had higher age, perfectionism, facial esthetic (FE) concern, social aspect, and impairment of oral function (OF) as well as lower self-esteem with small to medium effect sizes (P ≤ .040; r = 0.198-0.399). Other personality traits and awareness of dentofacial deformity did not differ between the groups. In multiple logistic regression analysis, while controlling for sex, perfectionism, and self-esteem, the following predictors of acceptance of orthognathic surgery were higher: FE concern (odds ratio OR, 3.4; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.3-9.1), OF (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0-8.6), and age ≥18 years (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.1; P < .001).
Extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness do not significantly affect a patient's decision to accept orthognathic surgery. The influence of self-esteem and perfectionism is primarily on perception of alteration of QoL induced by dentofacial deformity.
To determine factors that could predict Class II/1 malocclusion patient compliance during functional treatment.
The sample consisted of 77 subjects (aged 11-13 years; 47% girls) presenting with Class ...II/1 malocclusion. Inclusion criteria were distal molar relationship, overjet greater than 5 mm, and confirmed pubertal growth spurt. Removable functional appliances (62% Twin Block TB, 38% Sander Bite Jumping BJ) with built-in maxillary expansion screws were used. Follow-up period was 1 year. Patients and parents independently filled out the Child Perception Questionnaire, Parental/Caregiver Perception Questionnaire, and Family Impact Scale to assess emotional and social well-being, oral symptoms, functional limitations, parental emotions, family activities, conflicts, and financial burden as possible predictors of compliance during treatment. Sex, overjet, and appliance type were also analyzed.
There were more noncompliant than compliant patients (55% vs 45%). Parental perception of altered emotional well-being of their children was the strongest predictor, increasing compliance odds 3.4 times (95% confidence interval CI, 1.2-9.4; P = .017). Patients were 3.2 times (95% CI, 1.1-9.3; P = .033) more likely to cooperate with TB compared with BJ appliance. OJ ≥ 8 mm increased compliance odds 3.1 times (95% CI, 1.0-9.4; P = .044).
Parental perception of child's emotional well-being alteration, severity of malocclusion, and type of appliance are major predictors of compliance. Psychosocial issues and oral function limitations reported by children and family impact are of negligible influence.
To investigate long-term stability 20 years after orthodontic treatment and the association with arch width changes during treatment.
This retrospective study investigated 103 patients with Class I ...and II malocclusions treated with fixed appliances with and without extractions. The sample was treated by one experienced orthodontist and collected from a private orthodontic office. Dental casts were obtained pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term postretention (T3); they were scanned and converted to STL files. Measurements were evaluated in for the upper and lower arch: intercanine width (IC), intermolar (IM) width, Little's irregularity index (LII).
There were 73 female and 30 male patients. Class I was present in 74 patients and Class II in 29. Average postretention time was 17.2 (±6.5) years after an average active retention time of 3.4 (±1.17) years. Extraction was performed in 55 patients while 48 received nonextraction treatment. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed that LII in the upper and lower arches at T1 was significantly higher in the extraction group (P < .001). Upper and lower arch LII at T3 was slightly higher in extraction cases but remained under 2.05 mm. LII at T3 in the upper and lower arches showed negative correlation with IM T3 in the upper arch (Pearson, N = 103, P = .047), while IC in the upper and lower arches at T3 correlated with IM T3 in the upper and lower (N = 103, P < .001).
Clinically relevant long-term stability in both arches was found in extraction and nonextraction cases. Intermolar width and its change during orthodontic treatment was an influential factor on long-term stability in extraction cases.
Purpose
To analyze the effects of children’s malocclusions and associated quality of life on family relationships by evaluating psychometric characteristics of the Family Impact Scale (FIS) in ...adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment.
Materials and methods
Included were 334 participants (children aged 11–14 years; 53% female and 47% male) and their parents (84% mothers, 16% fathers) who were recruited at two dental clinics in Croatia. The Child Perception Questionnaire, Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire, and FIS were administered. Malocclusion severity was estimated using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component. The presence of caries was also recorded. Factor analysis, t‑test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.
Results
Unidimensional FIS measuring global family impacts had higher internal consistency (α = 0.73–0.81) compared to the specific dimensions of family impacts (α = 0.60–0.69). Global family impacts were higher in children with more severe malocclusions and existing dental caries, primarily influencing parental activity, and parental emotions dimensions (
p
< 0.05). In multiple regression, parental perception of child’s emotional well-being, oral symptoms, and social well-being (
p
< 0.001) were significant predictors of global family impacts, whereas child’s quality of life perception, malocclusion severity, or child sex were not. Reduction of an increased overjet by orthodontic treatment affected changes in the global family impacts, mainly by reducing the emotional issues of parents (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The child’s malocclusion influenced the family, primarily parental emotions. Family influences were mostly determined by parental perception of the child’s altered psychosocial well-being. The FIS had adequate psychometric properties.
To explore the relationship between adolescents' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), satisfaction with smile appearance, treatment need and treatment demand through direct and serial ...mediation models.
This cross-sectional study included 215 11-14-year-olds and their parents. The instruments included the Child Perceptions Questionnaire and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Satisfaction with smile appearance, orthodontic treatment demand and parental perception of their child's orthodontic treatment need was recorded on a Likert scale (0 = not at all to 4 = very much). Serial mediation models were used to assess the effects of malocclusion on the OHRQoL.
Objective treatment need explained less than 5% of the adolescents' OHRQoL. Serial mediation models through satisfaction with smile appearance, parental perception of their child's orthodontic treatment need, and patients' orthodontic treatment demand explained 23-25% of the variance.
Satisfaction with smile appearance mediates the OHRQoL in adolescents. Parents have no direct influence, but their perception of the need to correct their child's teeth might amplify adolescents' orthodontic treatment demand, leading to lower OHRQoL.
Aim
To assess the levels of agreement between parents and adolescents about young adolescents' orthodontic treatment demand and to what extent is treatment demand conditioned by family and ...psychosocial impacts and oral function.
Design
This cross‐sectional study included 221 adolescents (11–14 years, 54% female) and their parents. A 5‐point scale was used to assess orthodontic treatment demand. Adolescents self‐administered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire, and parents self‐administered the Parental‐Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component (IOTN DHC) was used for determining malocclusion severity. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient were used for the assessment of agreement between two informants.
Results
The parent‐child agreement on children's orthodontic treatment demand was weak, concording in 67.4% of cases. The most common reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment derive from the emotional (EW) and social well‐being domains for both informants. In linear regression, the adolescent's reporting of impaired EW and IOTN DHC was the only significant linear predictor of orthodontic treatment demand.
Conclusion
Parents cannot correctly assess the orthodontic treatment demand of their children. Impaired EW is the most significant self‐reported determinant of adolescents' demand for orthodontic treatment. Family relationships and parental perspective have a low influence.
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