Little is known about the attributional patterns of caregivers of autistic children, particularly in relation to caregivers of children with other developmental or behavioral disorders. This study ...examined differences in caregiver attributions of child behavior between three groups: toddlers with (1) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ASD concerns; (2) Other developmental concerns; and (3) No concerns. Qualitative descriptions of actual child behaviors were coded using a three-stage content analysis. Regression analyses were utilized to determine if group membership predicted types of positive and challenging behaviors caregivers endorsed, as well as their attributions of these behaviors. Caregivers of children with ASD or ASD concerns endorsed similar types of behaviors, but rated their child’s positive behaviors as less characteristic of their child and more a function of the particular situation, less stable or permanent, and less controllable as compared to caregivers of toddlers with other developmental or no concerns. Additionally, they rated their child’s challenging behaviors as more stable or permanent and less controllable as compared to caregivers of toddlers with other developmental concerns or no concerns. These findings suggest that caregivers of children with ASD and ASD related concerns may be vulnerable to a negative attributional pattern, which can have important implications for child and family functioning and overall quality of life.
Conservation of undrained tropical peatland ecosystems is critical for climate change mitigation as they store a tremendous amount of soil carbon that is preserved under anoxic water-logged ...conditions. Unfortunately, there are too few measurements of carbon fluxes from these ecosystems to estimate the climate change mitigation potential from such conservation efforts. Here, we measured carbon dioxide (CO
) and methane (CH
) fluxes as well as fluvial organic carbon export over the peat swamp forest within an undrained tropical peatland landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our measurements throughout one year (Oct 2022-Sep 2023) showed that despite its water-logged condition, peat and water overlying the swamp forest on average emits 11.02 ± 0.49 MgCO
ha
yr
of CO
and 0.58 ± 0.04 MgCO
e ha
yr
of CH
. Further, the fluvial organic carbon export contributes to additional carbon loss of 1.68 ± 0.06 MgCO
e ha
yr
. Our results help improve the accuracy of carbon accounting from undrained tropical peatlands, where we estimated a total carbon loss of 13.28 ± 0.50 MgCO
e ha
yr
. Nevertheless, the total carbon loss reported from our sites is about half than what is reported from the drained peatland landscapes in the region and resulted in a larger onsite carbon sink potential estimate compared to other undrained peat swamp forests. Together, these findings indicate that conserving the remaining undrained peatland ecosystems in Indonesia from drainage and degradation is a promising natural climate solution strategy that avoids significant carbon emissions.
The Hipparcos Catalogue. Commentary PERRYMAN, M. A. C; LINDEGREN, L; VAN LEEUWEN, F ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
2009, Letnik:
500, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Whales are now largely protected from direct harvest, leading to partial recoveries in many previously depleted species.1 However, most populations remain far below their historical abundances and ...incidental human impacts, especially vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear, are increasingly recognized as key threats.2 In addition, climate-driven changes to prey dynamics are impacting the seasonal foraging grounds of many baleen whales.2 In many cases these impacts result directly in mortality. But it is less clear how widespread and increasing sub-lethal impacts are affecting life history, individual fitness, and population viability. We evaluated changes in body lengths of North Atlantic right whales (NARW) using aerial photogrammetry measurements collected from crewed aircraft and remotely operated drones over a 20-year period (Figure 1). NARW have been monitored consistently since the 1980s and have been declining in abundance since 2011 due primarily to deaths associated with entanglements in active fishing gear and vessel strikes.3 High rates of sub-lethal injuries and individual-level information on age, size and observed entanglements make this an ideal population to evaluate the effects that these widespread stressors may have on individual fitness. We find that entanglements in fishing gear are associated with shorter whales, and that body lengths have been decreasing since 1981. Arrested growth may lead to reduced reproductive success4,5 and increased probability of lethal gear entanglements.6 These results show that sub-lethal stressors threaten the recoveries of vulnerable whale populations even in the absence of direct harvest.
•Whales with severe entanglements in fishing gear are stunted•Whales whose mothers were entangled while nursing are stunted•Body lengths have been decreasing since 1981•Cumulative impacts in addition to entanglements may contribute to stunted growth
Stewart et al. examine trends in body lengths in endangered North Atlantic right whales using aerial photogrammetry. They show that whales that have experienced severe entanglements in fishing gear are shorter than whales with no documented entanglements, and that body lengths of right whales have been decreasing over the past four decades.
Deciding which stories to cover is an essential function of the press, and pundits and citizens commonly criticize journalists for these so-called "gatekeeping" choices. While journalists may indeed ...be biased toward telling certain types of stories, research on the hostile media perception (HMP) suggests that audience judgments about how journalists divvy up attention may be biased as well-shaped, at least in part, by partisan preferences. This study explores how partisanship impacted perceptions of media coverage among news consumers (N = 657) shortly before the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Results show that, across a variety of news stories involving the candidates, polling, and key election issues, rival partisans had diverging impressions of media attention that were not explained by differing news habits. A relative HMP pattern is evident when partisans evaluate how media allocate attention across news topics.
Abstract
Building on research on selective exposure, hostile media perceptions, and presumed media influence, this study explores what citizens believe about their political rivals’ news habits and ...introduces the idea of perceived selective exposure: the extent to which citizens believe their political opponents curate media diets of like-minded political news. Results from a national survey of voters (N = 657) show that during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, voters disagreed about the extent to which prominent news sources favored Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump. The more undesirably biased voters considered a source, the more news they assumed their political rivals received from that source. This perceived selectivity was consequential: A belief that others’ news habits were weighted toward like-minded media was linked to a belief that others’ election news choices had reinforced their attitudes. Partisans think their political rivals are selecting biased news sources that bolster extremity.
This study focuses on how American audiences perceived news coverage during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States. Through a survey-experiment of news consumers (N = 767) over ...a three-day period in mid-March 2020, this study shows that citizens had positive attitudes toward their own Covid-19 news sources, but were critical about the news sources others were using to get information about the virus. Data reveal evidence of presumed media influence, where audiences believed others' health behaviors were being influenced by pandemic news.
A novel computational methodology for drug design that accommodates receptor flexibility is described. This “relaxed-complex” method recognizes that ligand may bind to conformations that occur only ...rarely in the dynamics of the receptor. We have shown that the ligand−enzyme binding modes are very sensitive to the enzyme conformations, and our approach is capable of finding the best ligand−enzyme complexes. This new method serves as the computational analog of the experimental “SAR by NMR” and “tether” methods, which permit a building block approach for constructing a very potent drug.
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