This analysis explored factors influencing survival of patients with primary refractory and relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphomas enrolled in the prospective International T-cell Project. We analyzed ...data from 1020 patients with newly diagnosed disease, enrolled between September 2006 and December 2015. Out of 937 patients who received first-line treatment, 436 (47%) were identified as refractory and 197 (21%) as relapsed. Median time from the end of treatment to relapse was 8 months (range 2-73). Overall, 75 patients (8%) were consolidated with bone marrow transplantation, including 12 refractory and 22 relapsed patients. After a median follow up of 38 months (range 1-96 months) from documentation of refractory/relapsed disease, 440 patients had died. The median overall survival (OS) was 5.8 months; 3-year overall survival rates were 21% and 28% for refractory and relapsed patients, respectively (
<0.001). Patients receiving or not salvage bone marrow transplantation had a 3-year survival of 48% and 18%, respectively (
<0.001). In a univariate Cox regression analysis, refractory disease was associated with a higher risk of death (HR=1.43,
=0.001), whereas late relapse (>12 months, HR 0.57,
=0.001) and salvage therapy with transplantation (HR=0.36,
<0.001) were associated with a better OS. No difference was found in OS with respect to histology. This study accurately reflects outcomes for patients treated according to standards of care worldwide. Results confirm that peripheral T-cell lymphomas patients had dismal outcome after relapse or progression. Patients with chemotherapy sensitive disease who relapsed after more than 12 months might benefit from consolidation bone marrow transplantation.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) forms protective films on moving mechanical components through thermally driven decomposition and interactions with the ferrous surfaces of the components. These reactions ...are hidden from view in moving interfaces, but are known to be sensitive to both the surface material and the isomeric form of the TCP. Here, temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) are complemented by reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the thermal decomposition of meta and para isomers of TCP reacting with ferrous materials. Key observations are that the primary decomposition product of TCP is cresol, more cresol is generated on Fe2O3 than on Fe3O4, and that para-TCP isomers are more reactive than meta-TCP isomers. These trends are explained using the simulations to identify multiple reaction pathways leading to cresol formation. The likelihood of each pathway is quantified and correlated to surface material and TCP isomer trends in terms of energy barriers for the rate-limiting steps in the decomposition reactions.
Calculating single event effect (SEE) rates is essential to ensure space mission reliability. Standard methods rely on ground data, which is not fully representative of the space radiation ...environment. In this article, we evaluate these methods using SEE data collected during 5.5 years from the single event upset (SEU) and single event latch-up (SEL) monitors aboard the Alphasat spacecraft in geostationary orbit.
Display omitted
•Previous works in Patagonia support a ridge-trench interaction during the Paleogene.•We present an updated revision that highlights inconsistencies in this model.•Two slab windows ...separated by a convergent-contractional sector would have existed.•We provide a new kinematic model constrained by an updated geological evolution.•Collision of a segmented midocean ridge explains this complex tectonic segmentation.
Plate kinematic reconstructions show that the Farallon-Phoenix (Aluk) spreading center subducted under South America sometime between the Late Cretaceous and the Paleogene periods. Geological studies have supported a ridge-trench interaction in Patagonia during Paleocene to Eocene times mostly based on the documentation of slab window magmatism and Andean arc-quiescence. However, a revision of most recent works dealing with the Paleogene tectonic evolution of Central Patagonia between 39 °S to 50 °S highlights inconsistencies in this model. Particularly, the existence of two discrete areas with simultaneous slab window-related magmatism separated by a sector with plate-wide contraction, along with a spatio-temporal mismatch between magmatism location and ridge kinematics, preclude a single ridge-trench interaction. With the purpose to better understand this complex tectonic setting, we integrated this updated geological evolution into a plate kinematic model. We propose that the oblique collision of a segmented Farallon-Phoenix/Aluk mid-ocean ridge would explain the latitudinally variable tectonomagmatic evolution of Patagonia during early Paleogene times. Finally, this work adds resolution to geodynamic processes in active margins where complex midocean ridge-trench interactions take place.
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm of the skin generally affecting the anogenital area. Because of the low-frequency of the disease, no specific guidelines about the treatment ...strategy are available. Surgery is the recommended therapy for resectable and localized disease, but several other local treatments have been reported such as radiotherapy (RT). Most articles report small retrospective studies, referring to patients treated decades ago with large heterogeneity in terms of RT dose and technique. The aim of this study was to systematically review the main experiences in RT for the treatment of EMPD in the past 30 years.
A systematic search of the bibliographic databases PubMed and Scopus from January 1986 to January 2017 was performed including studies published in English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German language.
According to the search strategy, 19 full-text articles, published from 1991 to 2015, fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. All articles were retrospective analyses with no randomized controlled trials. These studies evaluated 195 EMPD patients treated with RT, delivered in several settings. A large variability in terms of RT doses, fractionation, clinical setting, and techniques was found.Radiotherapy was administered as definitive treatment for primary or recurrent disease after surgery in 18 studies with doses ranging from 30 to 80.2 Gy delivered in 3 to 43 fractions. Radiotherapy was administered as postoperative adjuvant treatment in 9 articles with doses ranging between 32 and 64.8 Gy in 20 to 30 fractions. Two studies reported the RT use in preoperative neoadjuvant setting with doses ranging between 40 and 43.30 Gy, and 2 experiences reported the RT treatment for in situ EMPD, using 39.6 to 40 Gy. Adverse events were reported in almost all but 2 articles and were grade 2 or lower.The 18 studies evaluating RT as definitive treatment for primary or recurrent disease after surgery reported a complete response rate ranging from 50% to 100%, with a variable rate of local relapse or persistent disease ranging from 0% to 80% of cases. The 9 studies evaluating RT as postoperative adjuvant treatment reported a local relapse or persistent disease rate of 0% to 62.5%. A dose-response relationship was reported suggesting doses greater than or equal to 60 Gy for gross tumor volume treatment. Local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival at 12, 20, and 60 months have been retrieved for available data, respectively.In patients with EMPD and concurrent underlying internal malignancy, the prognosis was often worsened by the latter. In this setting, literature analysis showed a potential RT palliative role for symptoms control or local control maintenance.Derma tumor invasion greater than 1 mm and lymph node metastases were reported to be important prognostic factors for distant metastases or death.
To date, literature highlights the role of RT in the management of EMPD, but with low level of evidences.
We studied the secondary byproducts created by high-energy protons inside a single-event upset (SEU) detector based on 3-D NAND Flash memories, extending the previously developed methodology used for ...detecting heavy ions. The radiation response of the SEU monitor was discussed as a function of proton energy, analyzing parameters such as the number of clusters per particle, the cluster size, and the angle of the generated secondaries. The results provide interesting insight into the nuclear reactions occurring in state-of-the-art electronic chips, in addition to showing the usefulness of 3-D NAND Flash memories for monitoring proton beams.
This study presents the synthesis of ethyl 5‐(nitrooxy)methylisoxazole‐3‐carboxylate (EEIN) and isoxazole‐3,5‐diylbis(methylene) dinitrate (IDN). These compounds, each derived from ...5‐(hydroxymethyl)isoxazole‐3‐carboxylate, were fully characterized and their explosive sensitivity properties were determined. EEIN was isolated as a solid material with a relatively low melting temperature and IDN was isolated as a liquid with excellent energetic performance properties. In addition, we report the molecular structure of ethyl 5‐(nitrooxy)methylisoxazole‐3‐carboxylate as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry. These compounds possess promising properties as plasticizing ingredients in propellant formulations.
The synthesis and characterization of two new energetic materials is described. These isoxazole‐based molecules show promise as plasticizing ingredients in propellant formulations.
PDF
