Test beam measurements at the test beam facilities of DESY have been conducted to characterise the performance of the EUDET-type beam telescopes originally developed within the EUDET project. The ...beam telescopes are equipped with six sensor planes using MIMOSA 26 monolithic active pixel devices. A programmable Trigger Logic Unit provides trigger logic and time stamp information on particle passage. Both data acquisition framework and offline reconstruction software packages are available. User devices are easily integrable into the data acquisition framework via predefined interfaces.
The biased residual distribution is studied as a function of the beam energy, plane spacing and sensor threshold. Its standard deviation at the two centre pixel planes using all six planes for tracking in a 6 GeV electron/positron-beam is measured to be (2.88 ± 0.08) µm. Iterative track fits using the formalism of General Broken Lines are performed to estimate the intrinsic resolution of the individual pixel planes. The mean intrinsic resolution over the six sensors used is found to be (3.24 ± 0.09) µm. With a 5 GeV electron/positron beam, the track resolution halfway between the two inner pixel planes using an equidistant plane spacing of 20 mm is estimated to (1.83 ± 0.03) µm assuming the measured intrinsic resolution. Towards lower beam energies the track resolution deteriorates due to increasing multiple scattering. Threshold studies show an optimal working point of the MIMOSA 26 sensors at a sensor threshold of between five and six times their RMS noise. Measurements at different plane spacings are used to calibrate the amount of multiple scattering in the material traversed and allow for corrections to the predicted angular scattering for electron beams.
For the planned high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a significant performance improvement of the detectors is required, including new tracker and trigger systems that makes ...use of charged track information early on. In this note we explore the principle of real time track reconstruction integrated in the readout electronics. A prototype was built using the silicon strip sensor for the ATLAS phase-II upgrade. The real time tracker is not the baseline for ATLAS but is nevertheless of interest, as the upgraded trigger design has not yet been finalized. For this, a new readout scheme in parallel with conventional readout, called the Fast Cluster Finder (FCF), was included in the latest prototype of the ATLAS strip detector readout chip (ABC130). The FCF is capable of finding hits within 6ns and transmitting the found hit information synchronously every 25ns. Using the FCF together with external correlation logic makes it possible to look for pairs of hits consistent with tracks from the interaction point above a transverse momentum threshold. A correlator logic finds correlations between two closely spaced parallel sensors, a “doublet”, and can generate information used as input to a lowest level trigger decision. Such a correlator logic was developed as part of a demonstrator and was successfully tested in an electron beam. The results of this test beam experiment proved the concept of the real time track vector processor with FCF.
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FIVE STEPS TO A LEARNING ORGANIZATION CLASSROOM Swenson, James K; Peschke, Richard E
Allied Academies International Conference. Academy of Educational Leadership. Proceedings,
01/2005, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
What is a learning organization? The name alone signifies that it is an organization that learns. But a learning organization has to do much more than that. It also must have the ability to spread ...new knowledge to others. This paper will discuss what constitutes a learning organization, how a learning organization operates, and how to adapt a learning organization model to a college classroom. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Information is the aggregate of facts, figures, text, voice and images, and their relationships. Organizational planning must include information and information systems early in the development ...process. Information Resource Management (IRM) is defined as a management function which develops and implements policies, programs and guidelines to plan for, manage and control information. IRM provides the integration necessary to meet system information needs. Confusion regarding management of information as a resource has lead to time delays, lack of documentation and high costs. To improve this situation, a structured optimization method is developed which should improve IRM system performance. This research develops an optimization methodology that has the structure to support the design and implementation of information systems that will consistently meet the needs of an organization. This method, part of a complete design-planning methodology, defines a sequence of activities which provides a set of performance indicators to evaluate IRM systems. Additionally, formal criterion modeling procedures are developed which specify IRM system design requirements by: (1) Developing criteria and their relative importance; (2) Defining parameters and estimating values; (3) Synthesizing a criterion model; and (4) Identifying the best alternative. Synthesis of the Criterion Model establishes relationships between criterion elements. The Criterion Function (CF) is the analytical function constructed from the criteria and their respective relative weights. This structured optimization method meets the need for a practical evaluation procedure for information system design. While no method can guarantee a solution to every problem, this method provides the capability to identify the optimal system within available resources. Illustrative computations for the criterion function modeling procedures are presented. A method for accomplishing a design space search to identify the optimal system from the set of possible systems is demonstrated with a computer routine which employs a dynamic programming-type heuristic search of the 35-dimensional design space created by the criterion function model of the illustrative data. This research makes a contribution to the Information Resource Management concept by developing a structured optimization methodology that will efficiently guide the information system design process toward consistently meeting the IRM requirements of the organization.
The European Space Agency’s INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (ESA/INTEGRAL) was launched aboard a Proton-DM2 rocket on 17 October 2002 at 06:41 CEST, from Baikonur in Kazakhstan. Since ...then, INTEGRAL has been providing long, uninterrupted observations (up to about 47h, or 170ksec, per satellite orbit of 2.7 days) with a large field-of-view (FOV, fully coded: 100 deg2), millisecond time resolution, keV energy resolution, polarization measurements, as well as additional wavelength coverage at optical wavelengths. This is realized by two main instruments in the 15keV to 10MeV energy range, the spectrometer SPI (spectral resolution 3keV at 1.8MeV) and the imager IBIS (angular resolution: 12arcmin FWHM), complemented by X-ray (JEM-X; 3–35keV) and optical (OMC; Johnson V-band) monitor instruments. All instruments are co-aligned to simultaneously observe the target region. A particle radiation monitor (IREM) measures charged particle fluxes near the spacecraft. The Anti-coincidence subsystems of the main instruments, built to reduce the background, are also very efficient all-sky γ-ray detectors, which provide virtually omni-directional monitoring above ∼75keV. Besides the long, scheduled observations, INTEGRAL can rapidly (within a couple of hours) re-point and conduct Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations on a large variety of sources.
INTEGRAL observations and their scientific results have been building an impressive legacy: The discovery of currently more than 600 new high-energy sources; the first-ever direct detection of 56Ni and 56Co radio-active decay lines from a Type Ia supernova; spectroscopy of isotopes from galactic nucleo-synthesis sources; new insights on enigmatic positron annihilation in the Galactic bulge and disk; and pioneering gamma-ray polarization studies. INTEGRAL is also a successful actor in the new multi-messenger astronomy introduced by non-electromagnetic signals from gravitational waves and from neutrinos: INTEGRAL found the first prompt electromagnetic radiation in coincidence with a binary neutron star merger.
Up to now more than 1750 scientific papers based on INTEGRAL data have been published in refereed journals. In this paper, we will give a comprehensive update of the satellite status after more than 18 years of operations in a harsh space environment, and an account of the successful Ground Segment.
The new silicon microstrip sensors of the End-cap part of the HL-LHC ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) present a number of challenges due to their complex design features such as the multiple different ...sensor shapes, the varying strip pitch, or the built-in stereo angle. In order to investigate these specific problems, the “petalet” prototype was defined as a small End-cap prototype. The sensors for the petalet prototype include several new layout and technological solutions to investigate the issues, they have been tested in detail by the collaboration. The sensor description and detailed test results are presented in this paper. New software tools have been developed for the automatic layout generation of the complex designs. The sensors have been fabricated, characterized and delivered to the institutes in the collaboration for their assembly on petalet prototypes. This paper describes the lessons learnt from the design and tests of the new solutions implemented on these sensors, which are being used for the full petal sensor development. This has resulted in the ITk strip community acquiring the necessary expertise to develop the full End-cap structure, the petal.
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•Introduce HyperSPHARM for simultaneous parameterization of multiple disjoint objects.•Show that HyperSPHARM possesses greater computational efficiency than SPHARM.•Employ isotropic ...sampling along 4D sphere for HyperSPHARM interpolation.•Employ HyperSPHARM as both a data smoothing and an object classification technique.
Image-based parcellation of the brain often leads to multiple disconnected anatomical structures, which pose significant challenges for analyses of morphological shapes. Existing shape models, such as the widely used spherical harmonic (SPHARM) representation, assume topological invariance, so are unable to simultaneously parameterize multiple disjoint structures. In such a situation, SPHARM has to be applied separately to each individual structure. We present a novel surface parameterization technique using 4D hyperspherical harmonics in representing multiple disjoint objects as a single analytic function, terming it HyperSPHARM. The underlying idea behind HyperSPHARM is to stereographically project an entire collection of disjoint 3D objects onto the 4D hypersphere and subsequently simultaneously parameterize them with the 4D hyperspherical harmonics. Hence, HyperSPHARM allows for a holistic treatment of multiple disjoint objects, unlike SPHARM. In an imaging dataset of healthy adult human brains, we apply HyperSPHARM to the hippocampi and amygdalae. The HyperSPHARM representations are employed as a data smoothing technique, while the HyperSPHARM coefficients are utilized in a support vector machine setting for object classification. HyperSPHARM yields nearly identical results as SPHARM, as will be shown in the paper. Its key advantage over SPHARM lies computationally; HyperSPHARM possess greater computational efficiency than SPHARM because it can parameterize multiple disjoint structures using much fewer basis functions and stereographic projection obviates SPHARM’s burdensome surface flattening. In addition, HyperSPHARM can handle any type of topology, unlike SPHARM, whose analysis is confined to topologically invariant structures.
We present a novel surface parameterization technique using hyperspherical harmonics (HSH) in representing compact, multiple, disconnected brain subcortical structures as a single analytic function. ...The proposed hyperspherical harmonic representation (HyperSPHARM) has many advantages over the widely used spherical harmonic (SPHARM) parameterization technique. SPHARM requires flattening 3D surfaces to 3D sphere which can be time consuming for large surface meshes, and can't represent multiple disconnected objects with single parameterization. On the other hand, HyperSPHARM treats 3D object, via simple stereographic projection, as a surface of 4D hypersphere with extremely large radius, hence avoiding the computationally demanding flattening process. HyperSPHARM is shown to achieve a better reconstruction with only 5 basis compared to SPHARM that requires more than 441.
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