The CCube reconstruction algorithm for the SoLid experiment Abreu, Y.; Amhis, Y.; Arnold, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
September 2024, Letnik:
1066
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The SoLid experiment is a very-short-baseline experiment aimed at searching for nuclear-reactor-produced active-to-sterile antineutrino oscillations. The detection principle is based on the pairing ...of two types of solid scintillators: polyvinyl toluene and 6LiF:ZnS(Ag), which is a new technology used in this field of Physics. In addition to good neutron-gamma discrimination, this setup allows the detector to be highly segmented (the basic detection unit is a 5 cm side cube). High segmentation provides numerous advantages, including the precise location of inverse beta decay (IBD) products, the derivation of the antineutrino energy estimator based on the isolated positron energy, and a powerful background reduction tool based on the topological signature of the signal. Finally, the system is read out by a network of wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibres coupled to a photodetectors. This paper describes the design of the reconstruction algorithm that allows maximum use of the granularity of the detector. The goal of the algorithm is to convert the output of the optical-fibre readout to the list of the detection units from which it originated. This paper provides a performance comparison for three methods and concludes with a choice of the baseline approach for the experiment.
To evaluate a new surgical tool combining suction and monopolar neurostimulation (stimulation sucker) for cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. The usefulness for continuous (time) and dynamic (space) ...facial nerve mapping was studied.
Patients operated on with the stimulation sucker for a CPA tumor between April 2016 and May 2017 in a tertiary care center were identified. Clinical charts were retrospectively evaluated. The minimum follow-up time of patients was 12 months.
The study population included 17 patients with tumor (6 women and 11 men). The age range was from 2 to 77 years (mean age, 45.7 years; standard error of the mean, 22.7 years). Most CPA tumors were large (Koos grade 4) vestibular schwannomas (n = 10); other pathologies included petrous meningioma (n = 1), metastasis (n = 1), medulloblastoma (n = 2), ependymoma (n = 2), and pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 1). One patient with trigeminal neuralgia served as the normal control subject. No complications because of the stimulation sucker were encountered. Clinical and radiologic outcomes compared favorably with institutional experience and literature. The stimulation sucker allowed for continuous (time) mapping of the facial nerve at the site of resection (space). This real-time feedback allowed early identification of the facial nerve. Handling and ergonomy were excellent and workflow improved. The shortcomings compared with a bayonet-shaped bipolar probe were decreased visibility of neurovascular structures and lower spatial discrimination. The new device did not simplify delicate at the brainstem and on the nerve. We think it should be considered as a complementary tool in the surgeon's armamentarium.
Until now, nerve damage as assessed by neuromonitoring (e.g., facial nerve electromyography, motor evoked potential) served as surrogate for nerve function. This concept should be challenged. The studied stimulation sucker detected the facial nerve earlier than conventional techniques, preventing harm by surgical trauma. A larger, prospective study is warranted to better define its role in CPA surgery.
•A new stimulation sucker was evaluated for facial nerve monitoring during resection of cerebellopontine angle tumors.•Through continuous (time) and dynamic (space) mapping, an earlier detection of the facial nerve was possible.•The tool improved workflow and was safe.•Clinical and radiologic results compared favorably with the literature.•It may become an additional tool in the skull base surgeon's armamentarium.
Formulas derived from theoretical physics provide important insights about the nematocyst discharge process of Cnidaria (Hydra, jellyfishes, box-jellyfishes and sea-anemones). Our model description ...of the fastest process in living nature raises and answers questions related to the material properties of the cell- and tubule-walls of nematocysts including their polysialic acid (polySia) dependent target function. Since a number of tumor-cells, especially brain-tumor cells such as neuroblastoma tissues carry the polysaccharide chain polySia in similar concentration as fish eggs or fish skin, it makes sense to use these findings for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the field of nanomedicine. Therefore, the nematocyst discharge process can be considered as a bionic blue-print for future nanomedical devices in cancer diagnostics and therapies. This approach is promising because the physical background of this process can be described in a sufficient way with formulas presented here. Additionally, we discuss biophysical and biochemical experiments which will allow us to define proper boundary conditions in order to support our theoretical model approach. PolySia glycans occur in a similar density on malignant tumor cells than on the cell surfaces of Cnidarian predators and preys. The knowledge of the polySia-dependent initiation of the nematocyst discharge process in an intact nematocyte is an essential prerequisite regarding the further development of target-directed nanomedical devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The theoretical description as well as the computationally and experimentally derived results about the biophysical and biochemical parameters can contribute to a proper design of anti-tumor drug ejecting vessels which use a stylet-tubule system. Especially, the role of nematogalectins is of interest because these bridging proteins contribute as well as special collagen fibers to the elastic band properties. The basic concepts of the nematocyst discharge process inside the tubule cell walls of nematocysts were studied in jellyfishes and in Hydra which are ideal model organisms. Hydra has already been chosen by Alan Turing in order to figure out how the chemical basis of morphogenesis can be described in a fundamental way. This encouraged us to discuss the action of nematocysts in relation to morphological aspects and material requirements. Using these insights, it is now possible to discuss natural and artificial nematocyst-like vessels with optimized properties for a diagnostic and therapeutic use, e.g., in neurooncology. We show here that crucial physical parameters such as pressure thresholds and elasticity properties during the nematocyst discharge process can be described in a consistent and satisfactory way with an impact on the construction of new nanomedical devices.
A method for analysing the hadronic resonance contributions in
B
¯
0
→
K
¯
∗
0
μ
+
μ
-
decays is presented. This method uses an empirical model that relies on measurements of the branching fractions ...and polarisation amplitudes of final states involving
J
PC
=
1
-
-
resonances, relative to the short-distance component, across the full dimuon mass spectrum of
B
¯
0
→
K
¯
∗
0
μ
+
μ
-
transitions. The model is in good agreement with existing calculations of hadronic non-local effects. The effect of this contribution to the angular observables is presented and it is demonstrated how the narrow resonances in the
q
2
spectrum provide a dramatic enhancement to
C
P
-violating effects in the short-distance amplitude. Finally, a study of the hadronic resonance effects on lepton universality ratios,
R
K
(
∗
)
, in the presence of new physics is presented.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, ketogenic diet (KD) supplementation has attracted great interest. Therefore, we ...established the cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of KD on the hippocampus of mice. We found that KD significantly elevated the level of serum β-hydroxybutyric acid, improved behavioral and motor abnormalities, and impaired the spatial learning and memory of CPZ-induced demyelination mice. Meanwhile, KD lessened the hippocampal demyelination by enhancing the expression of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), which was revealed by the elevated expression of MBP and CNPase, as well as the luxol fast blue-staining intensity. Furthermore, KD inhibits the activation of microglia (especially M1-like microglia) and reactive astrocytes. Interestingly, KD attenuated the CPZ-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and restoring the glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, the double immunofluorescence staining revealed that KD enhanced the expression of SIRT1 in astrocytes, microglia, and mature oligodendrocytes. Concomitantly, Western blot demonstrated that KD increased the expression of SIRT1, phosphorylated-AKT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ. In conclusion, KD exerted a neuroprotective effect on CPZ-induced demyelination mice, and this activity was associated with the modulation of the SIRT1/PPAR-γ and SIRT1/P-Akt/mTOR pathways.
Objectives
The anatomy of the cavernous sinus is described controversially in a number of publications. In the present cadaveric study, the architecture of the dorsolateral wall of the cavernous ...sinus is studied microsurgically and histologically.
Materials and methods
Twenty cadaveric skulls have been dissected through a classical surgical frontotemporal approach. The temporal skull base was flattened and anatomical landmarks like the meningo-orbital band, superior orbital fissure, foramina rotundum, ovale, and spinosum were identified. Lateral of the trigeminal foramina, the dura was cut and the periosteal dural layer was separated from the meningeal layer, identifying an interdural zone. The length and the extent of this zone were evaluated. The dural architecture of the interdural incision zone was examined histologically.
Results
In all specimens, two dural layers lateral of the trigeminal foramina could be separated. The identified interdural incision zone extended in a length of 3.8–6.4 cm in the antero-posterior direction. The zone could be followed medially to the superior orbital fissure for 5.3 mm and lateral of the foramen spinosum for 6.4 mm. The separation of the dural layers allowed the approach to the superior border of the cavernous sinus through this interdural incision zone. The histological analysis of the interdural incision zone showed clearly the existence of two dural layers.
Conclusions
The architecture of the temporal-fossa-dura allows the microsurgical separation of two meningeal dural layers through a length of 5–6 cm next to the trigeminal foramina. Opening this interdural incision zone allowed exploring the superior border of the cavernous sinus.
Purpose
We demonstrate clinical features, therapy and outcome of 14 patients with symptomatic spinal cavernous malformations (CM).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent ...microsurgical treatment of symptomatic spinal CM during the last decade in our department through an analysis of our database.
Results
We analyzed the data of 14 patients (11 females, 3 males) with symptomatic spinal CM in a range of 16–77 years (mean age 47.8 years). Seven patients (50%) experienced significant improvement of their symptoms rapidly after surgery. The remaining seven patients presented new non pre-existing complaints, which improved gradually with a favourable outcome at the last follow-up examination in six cases.
Conclusion
Microsurgical treatment under perioperative electrophysiological monitoring is justified to prevent severe neurofunctional deterioration in symptomatic spinal CM. Although some of the patients deteriorate after surgery, the symptoms are rapidly declining with a favourable outcome in majority of them.
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