Abstract A method for analysing the hadronic resonance contributions in $$\overline{B}{} ^0 \!\rightarrow \overline{K}{} ^{*0} \mu ^+ \mu ^- $$ B¯0→K¯∗0μ+μ- decays is presented. This method uses an ...empirical model that relies on measurements of the branching fractions and polarisation amplitudes of final states involving $$J^{PC}=1^{--}$$ JPC=1-- resonances, relative to the short-distance component, across the full dimuon mass spectrum of $$\overline{B}{} ^0 \!\rightarrow \overline{K}{} ^{*0} \mu ^+ \mu ^- $$ B¯0→K¯∗0μ+μ- transitions. The model is in good agreement with existing calculations of hadronic non-local effects. The effect of this contribution to the angular observables is presented and it is demonstrated how the narrow resonances in the $$q^2 $$ q2 spectrum provide a dramatic enhancement to $$C\!P$$ CP -violating effects in the short-distance amplitude. Finally, a study of the hadronic resonance effects on lepton universality ratios, $$R_{K^{(*)}}$$ RK(∗) , in the presence of new physics is presented.
Conventional surgical treatment of multilevel cervical disc disease is based on anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, fusion alters the biomechanics of the spine, potentially ...resulting in accelerated adjacent segment degeneration. To improve clinical outcomes, hybrid surgery, combining cervical disc arthroplasty with fusion, has been developed. Cervical total disc replacement (TDR) has been shown to keep the motion of adjacent segment, and a dynamic cervical implant (DCI) was shown to provide cervical dynamic stability under nonfusion. However, curative and unwanted side effects of the new therapy options TDR and DCI for treating multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease are still unknown.
This analysis is based on 88 patients treated for multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease with ACDF only (56 patients), DCI hybrid (17 patients), and TDR hybrid (15 patients) between June 2008 and November 2015. The mean follow-up was 19.5 months. Visual analog scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index, and quality-of-life measurements were assessed via questionnaires.
The VAS scores decreased significantly in all 3 groups (P < 0.001), but the TDR group showed the greatest reduction in VAS score compared with ACDF and DCI (both P < 0.05). The overall range of motion (ROM) and the segmental ROM at the treated levels showed significant decreases in all 3 groups. Although there was no difference in the overall ROM at final follow-up among the operatively treated groups, the ROM of the treated segment was lowest in the ACDF group (P = 0.002). In terms of heterotopic ossification, patients undergoing TDR showed the best prognosis.
These results indicate that both TDR hybrid and DCI hybrid are effective and safe procedures for the treatment of multilevel degenerative disc disease. However, there is no definitive evidence that DCI or TDR arthroplasty lead to better intermediate-term results than ACDF over an average observation time of 19.5 months.
Highlights • Intraoperative ultrasound is of great value to identify small subcortical low grade gliomas. • Intraoperative ultrasound is a real time imaging procedure. • Intraoperative ultrasound ...does not help defining the resection extend of low grade glioma.
The banality of head injury in The Punisher Donaldson, Daniel M; Holtmann, Henrik; Nitschke, Julia ...
Lancet neurology,
July 2021, 2021-07-00, 20210701, Letnik:
20, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Violent content seems prevalent in mass media and popular culture; however, the effects of these representations of aggressive behaviour and violence in real life should not be underestimated. ...we ...would expect even higher mortality. Additionally, violence is usually linked to a higher rate of fatal TBI, compared with falls or road traffic collisions. Because of treatment advances, TBI mortality has decreased in the past decade, but more people are surviving with persistent disability (ie, permanent neurological deficits, impairment of consciousness, or cognitive problems, such as concentration difficulties), which negatively affects quality of life.
The increasing number of incidental intracranial aneurysms creates a dilemma of which aneurysms to treat and which to observe. Clinical scoring systems consider risk factors for aneurysm rupture ...however objective parameters for assessment of aneurysms stability are needed. We retrospectively analysed contrast enhancing behaviour of un-ruptured aneurysms in the black blood magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in N=71 patients with 90 aneurysms and assessed correlation between aneurysm wall contrast enhancement (AWCE) and aneurysm anatomy and clinical scoring systems. AWCE is associated with aneurysm height and height to width ratio in ICA aneurysms. AWCE is correlated to larger aneurysms in every anatomical location evaluated. However the mean size of the contrast enhancing aneurysms is significantly different between anatomical localizations indicating separate analyses for every artery. Clinical scoring systems like PHASES and UIATS correlate positively with AWCE in black blood MRI. MRI aneurysm wall contrast enhancement is a positive predictor for aneurysm instability and should be routinely assessed in follow up of incidental aneurysms. Aneurysms smaller than 7 mm with AWCE should be followed closely with focus on growth, as they may be prone to growth and rupture.
Objective
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate binding on the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM and impedes cell-cell interactions. It prevents neural progenitor cell differentiation and promotes ...their migration. Highly malignant tumours like small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) also overexpress PSA and this correlates with a negative prognosis.
Methods
Intra-operatively collected biopsies from 30 patients with different astrocytoma grades were immuno-histochemically examined to identify expression of PSA.
Results
Astrocytoma grade I and II had 4% PSA expressing cells whereas in grade III and IV the number of PSA expressing cells was 45%. This difference was statistically highly significant.
Conclusion
In this short communication we show that highly malignant astrocytomas express significantly more PSA compared to less malignant astrocytomas. Cleavage of PSA could be used in future therapeutic approaches.
Primary extraosseous Ewing sarcomas (EESs) are an extremely rare pathological entity. Less than 32 cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report an uncommon case with very rapid ...progression in the cervical region with extra- and intradural involvement. We present a thorough review of the literature and discuss possible treatment modalities. The Medline database was searched using the search terms: Ewing sarcoma, extraosseus tumour, treatment, management, cervical spine. A previously healthy 29-year-old man complained of right-sided radiculopathy (C7). Magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhancing foraminal, sandglass shaped neurinoma- like lesion. Surgery revealed an intraand extra-dural lesion, which was histologically diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma. Despite gross total resection, there was a massive symptomatic tumor recurrence within 6 weeks. A second gross total resection was realized. The patient was treated according to the EURO E.W.I.N.G.-Protocol (VIDE) and recovered very well (progression-free interval during therapy). Several decompressive re-surgeries were realized with adjuvant radio-chemotherapy. At the last follow-up (17 months after initial surgery) the patient was in remission with a good quality of live. This case is to illustrate that despite extensive therapeutic efforts, the progression- free survival in case of primary EES may be very short. To maintain neurological function and good quality of live as long as possible, a multimodal strategy seems to be adequate. Like in the present case this implies several surgeries and adjuvant chemo-and radiotherapy. Whether this improves overall survival remains unclear.
Insulin and lysozyme share the common features of being prone to aggregate and having biomedical importance. Encapsulating lysozyme and insulin in micellar nanoparticles probably would prevent ...aggregation and facilitate oral drug delivery. Despite the vivid structural knowledge of lysozyme and insulin, the environment-dependent oligomerization (dimer, trimer, and multimer) and associated structural dynamics remain elusive. The knowledge of the intra- and intermolecular interaction profiles has cardinal importance for the design of encapsulation protocols. We have employed various biophysical methods such as NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, Thioflavin T fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy in conjugation with molecular modeling to improve the understanding of interaction dynamics during homo-oligomerization of lysozyme (human and hen egg) and insulin (porcine, human, and glargine). The results obtained depict the atomistic intra- and intermolecular interaction details of the homo-oligomerization and confirm the propensity to form fibrils. Taken together, the data accumulated and knowledge gained will further facilitate nanoparticle design and production with insulin or lysozyme-related protein encapsulation.
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