Background: There is no consensus on reporting light characteristics in studies investigating non-visual responses to light. This project aimed to develop a reporting checklist for laboratory-based ...investigations on the impact of light on non-visual physiology. Methods: A four-step modified Delphi process (three questionnaire-based feedback rounds and one face-to-face group discussion) involving international experts was conducted to reach consensus on the items to be included in the checklist. Following the consensus process, the resulting checklist was tested in a pilot phase with independent experts. Findings: An initial list of 61 items related to reporting light-based interventions was condensed to a final checklist containing 25 items, based upon consensus among experts (final n = 60). Nine items were deemed necessary to report regardless of research question or context. A description of each item is provided in the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration (E&E) document. The independent pilot testing phase led to minor textual clarifications in the checklist and E&E document. Interpretation: The ENLIGHT Checklist is the first consensus-based checklist for documenting and reporting ocular light-based interventions for human studies. The implementation of the checklist will enhance the impact of light-based research by ensuring comprehensive documentation, enhancing reproducibility, and enabling data aggregation across studies. Funding: Network of European Institutes for Advanced Study (NETIAS) Constructive Advanced Thinking (CAT) programme; Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (Wellcome Trust, 204686/Z/16/Z); Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development VENI fellowship (2020–09150161910128); U.S. Department of Defense Grant (W81XWH-16-1-0223); National University of Singapore (NUHSRO/2022/038/Startup/08); and National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2022-THE004-0002).
En plus des photorécepteurs canoniques traditionnels (bâtonnets etcônes), des cellules ganglionnaires contenant le photopigment mélanopsineont récemment été découverts. Une étude récente de ...notrelaboratoire a suggéré que, dans la rétine humaine, ce nouveau photopigmentexprime des propriétés bistables similaires à celles notéeschez les invertébrés tant in vitro qu’in vivo. Dans les systèmes dephotopigments bistables, la lumière déclenche une réponse photosensoriellemais permet aussi la régénération du chromophore pourrétablir la réactivité lumineuse du photopigment. Cette dernière étudea montré qu’une exposition lumineuse antérieure peut moduler l’amplitudedes réponses lumineuses de la mélanopsine.L’objectif de ma thèse est d’étudier (1) la bistabilité présumée de lamélanopsine chez l’Homme en utilisant comme outil le réflexe photomoteurpupillaire. Ma thèse comporte aussi 2) le développementd’une technique d’évaluation quantitative des effets du brunissementdu cristallin oculaire sur la photoréception impliquant la mélanopsine;3) le développement d’un modèle mathématique portant sur lefonctionnement des photopigments bistables et du système photiquenon visuel.L’exploitation des propriétés bistables de la mélanopsine et l’utilisationappropriée des effets photorégénérateurs des longueurs d’ondeslumineuses longues pourraient servir dans l’optimisation de la compositionspectrale des applications photothérapeutiques (expérimentales,industrielles, domestiques et cliniques).
In addition to the canonical photoreceptors, rods and cones, a novelmelanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cell (mRGC) was recently discovered.The novel photopigment melanopsin in the human retinahas been shown to express invertebrate-like bistable properties bothin vitro and in vivo. In bistable photopigment systems, light elicitsphotosensory responses and drives photoregeneration of the chromophoreto restore photic responsiveness. These studies have shownthat prior light exposure can modulate the amplitude of subsequentphotic responses of melanopsin.In this thesis, the putative bistability of melanopin in humans isexamined. The bistability was studied using 1) pupillary light reflex(PLR) as a tool, 2) developing a method for quantifying the effectsof lens density for melanopsin-mediated photoreception, and 3) providinga quantitative mathematical framework for modeling bistablepigment systems and non-image forming (NIF) visual system.Exploiting the bistable properties of melanopsin could allow foroptimization of spectral light distribution in experimental, industrial,domestic and clinical phototherapy applications by appropriate useof the photoregenerative effects of long wavelength light.
Perinteisten fotoreseptorien, sauvasolujen ja tappisolujen, lisäksi verkkokalvoltaon löydetty melanopsiinia sisältäviä gangliosoluja. Fotopigmenttimelanopsiinin on huomattu käyttäytyvän ihmisen verkkokalvollaselkärangattomien eläimien bistabiilin näköjärjestelmän tavoinsekä in vivo- ja in vitro- olosuhteissa. Bistabiileissa fotopigmenttijärjestelmissävalo aiheuttaa sensoristen vasteiden lisäksi kromoforin fogeneraationvastevalmiisen tilaan. Nämä aiemmat tutki-mukset ovatosoittaneet, että aiempi valoaltistus voi moduloida siitä seuraaviamelanopsiinivasteita.Tässä väitöskirjassa melanopsiinin oletettua bistabiiliutta tutkittiinkäyttäen 1) Pupillireaktiota työkaluna, 2) kehittämällä kvantitaviinenmenetelmä mykiöntiheyden vaikutuksiin melanopsiini-fotoreseptiossa,ja 3) kehittäen kvantitatiivisen matemaattisen kehyksen bistabiilien pigmenttijärjestelmien ja ei-visuaalisen näköjärjestelmän mallintamiseen.Melanopsiinin bistabiileita ominaisuuksia on mahdollista optimoidavalon spektrikoostumusta niin tieteellisissä, teollisissa, kotitalouksellisissaja kliinisissä valoterapia sovelluksissa hyväksikäyttämälläpunaisen aallonpituusalueen fotoregeneroivia vaikutuksia.
The deterioration of sleep in the older population is a prevalent feature that contributes to a decrease in quality of life. Inappropriate entrainment of the circadian clock by light is considered to ...contribute to the alteration of sleep structure and circadian rhythms in the elderly. The present study investigates the effects of aging on non-visual spectral sensitivity to light and tests the hypothesis that circadian disturbances are related to a decreased light transmittance. In a within-subject design, eight aged and five young subjects were exposed at night to 60 minute monochromatic light stimulations at 9 different wavelengths (420-620 nm). Individual sensitivity spectra were derived from measures of melatonin suppression. Lens density was assessed using a validated psychophysical technique. Although lens transmittance was decreased for short wavelength light in the older participants, melatonin suppression was not reduced. Peak of non-visual sensitivity was, however, shifted to longer wavelengths in the aged participants (494 nm) compared to young (484 nm). Our results indicate that increased lens filtering does not necessarily lead to a decreased non-visual sensitivity to light. The lack of age-related decrease in non-visual sensitivity to light may involve as yet undefined adaptive mechanisms.
Deep learning has recently gained high interest in ophthalmology, due to its ability to detect clinically significant features for diagnosis and prognosis. Despite these significant advances, little ...is known about the ability of various deep learning systems to be embedded within ophthalmic imaging devices, allowing automated image acquisition. In this work, we will review the existing and future directions for "active acquisition" embedded deep learning, leading to as high quality images with little intervention by the human operator. In clinical practice, the improved image quality should translate into more robust deep learning-based clinical diagnostics. Embedded deep learning will be enabled by the constantly improving hardware performance with low cost. We will briefly review possible computation methods in larger clinical systems. Briefly, they can be included in a three-layer framework composed of edge, fog and cloud layers, the former being performed at a device-level. Improved edge layer performance via "active acquisition" serves as an automatic data curation operator translating to better quality data in electronic health records (EHRs), as well as on the cloud layer, for improved deep learning-based clinical data mining.
In addition to the canonical photoreceptors, rods and cones, a novelmelanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cell (mRGC) was recently discovered.The novel photopigment melanopsin in the human retinahas ...been shown to express invertebrate-like bistable properties bothin vitro and in vivo. In bistable photopigment systems, light elicitsphotosensory responses and drives photoregeneration of the chromophoreto restore photic responsiveness. These studies have shownthat prior light exposure can modulate the amplitude of subsequentphotic responses of melanopsin.In this thesis, the putative bistability of melanopin in humans isexamined. The bistability was studied using 1) pupillary light reflex(PLR) as a tool, 2) developing a method for quantifying the effectsof lens density for melanopsin-mediated photoreception, and 3) providinga quantitative mathematical framework for modeling bistablepigment systems and non-image forming (NIF) visual system.Exploiting the bistable properties of melanopsin could allow foroptimization of spectral light distribution in experimental, industrial,domestic and clinical phototherapy applications by appropriate useof the photoregenerative effects of long wavelength light.
Recently there has been an increasing trend to use deep learning frameworks for both 2D consumer images and for 3D medical images. However, there has been little effort to use deep frameworks for ...volumetric vascular segmentation. We wanted to address this by providing a freely available dataset of 12 annotated two-photon vasculature microscopy stacks. We demonstrated the use of deep learning framework consisting both 2D and 3D convolutional filters (ConvNet). Our hybrid 2D-3D architecture produced promising segmentation result. We derived the architectures from Lee et al. who used the ZNN framework initially designed for electron microscope image segmentation. We hope that by sharing our volumetric vasculature datasets, we will inspire other researchers to experiment with vasculature dataset and improve the used network architectures.
PDF
