Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts leading to the formation of multifocal ...strictures alternated to bile duct dilatations. The diagnosis of the most common subtype of the disease, the large duct PSC, is based on the presence of elevation of cholestatic indices, the association of typical cholangiographic findings assessed by magnetic resonance cholangiography and the exclusion of causes of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver biopsy is not routinely applied for the diagnosis of large duct PSC but is mandatory in the case of suspicion of small duct PSC or overlap with autoimmune hepatitis.
Oleocanthal, one of the minor components of the phenolic fraction isolated from extra virgin olive oil, is an effective inhibitor of COX enzymes, possessing similar potency to the NSAID ibuprofen. ...Moreover, it has the capacity to alter the structure of neurotoxic Aβ‐amyloid oligomers (ADDLs) and to change the structure of deformed microtubule‐associated tau–protein, thus inhibiting the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. It can have, therefore, potential therapeutic use for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper we describe the total synthesis of (±)‐oleocanthal in just 8 steps (9 % overall yield) from easily available starting materials. Moreover, resolution of the racemic mixture on an HPLC chiral column provided both enantiomers of oleocanthal in a single operation for biological studies.
Oleocanthal, a component of extra virgin olive oil, possesses anti‐inflammatory activity and inhibits the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. In this paper, we have achieved the shortest synthesis of (±)‐oleocanthal reported so far from easily available starting materials. Chiral chromatographic resolution of the mixture provided both enantiomers for biological studies.
