Two series of 2-substituted benzimidazole conjugated 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the three human cancer cell lines ...(cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549)). As the results 14 compounds demonstrated consistent to stronger cytotoxicities compared to the control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) towards the tested cell lines including 4c (HeLa); 4b, 4e, 4h, 7i–j, 7m–n, 7s (MCF-7); 7b (MCF-7, A549); 7h (HeLa, MCF-7); and 4d, 4i, 7c (HeLa, MCF-7, A549), with the IC50 ranging from 2.7 to 38 µM. Notably, compound 4b illustrated almost 5-fold activity against the MCF-7 while 4d, 4i were 9- and 8-fold (HeLa), 4.5- and 13-fold (MCF-7), 4.7- and 4-fold (A549) increase in activity compared to 5-FU, respectively, and were found as lead compounds. These findings suggest that compounds 4b, 4d and 4i merit further characterization and can serve as promising scaffolds in the discovery of new potent anticancer agents.
In this paper, a rigorous analysis of the performance of time-switching energy harvesting strategy that is applied for a half-duplex bidirectional wireless sensor network with intermediate relay over ...a Rician fading channel is presented to provide the exact-form expressions of the outage probability, achievable throughput and the symbol-error-rate (SER) of the system under the hardware impairment condition. Using the proposed probabilistic models for wireless channels between mobile nodes as well as for the hardware noises, we derive the outage probability of the system, and then the throughput and SER can be obtained as a result. Both exact analysis and asymptotic analysis at high signal-power-to-noise-ratio regime are provided. Monte Carlo simulation is also conducted to verify the analysis. This work confirms the effectiveness of energy harvesting applied in wireless sensor networks over a Rician fading channel, and can provide an insightful understanding about the effect of various parameters on the system performance.
This paper revealed the changes in physical properties, morphology and photocatalytic activity of samples in each stage of the synthesis of during the NCD/CuBDC. Nitrogen-containing Carbon quantum ...dots, abbreviated as NCD, was used to modify CuBDC, a copper-based metal–organic framework. CuBDC and NCD/CuBDC samples were successfully prepared by an ultrasonic-assisted, solvothermal method from Copper (II) oxide. SEM images demonstrated that the morphology of the materials changed from agglomerating nanospheres to stacked layers. NCD/CuBDC had a greater surface area (23.4 m
2
g
−1
) and pore size (58.39 nm) than CuBDC (18.1 m
2
g
−1
; 29.29 nm) in terms of porous characteristics. NCD/CuBDC was more visible-light-sensitive, with an estimated band gap energy of roughly 2.67 eV. Furthermore, introducing NCDs into MOF structure boosted the material's photoactivity and impeded electron–hole recombination, as evidenced by the increased MB degradation efficiency. The optimal sample was 280-NCD/CuBDC, with the ability to completely process MB within 90 min, while CuO and pristine CuBDC can only degrade around 20% of MB concentration. Additionally, the 280-NCD/CuBDC could be reused five times continuously. The main contributors to the degradation of MB were hydroxyl radicals and photogenerated holes. The formation of 280-NCD/CuBDC catalyst had been suggested based on the results of XRD, FTIR, UV–vis DRS, and SEM images. In the future, the NCD/CuBDC material will be further studied and applied to treat some other types of pollutant compounds present in wastewater such as heavy metals, antibiotics or pesticides.
Aims
The study aimed at determining 5‐year incidence and prediction nomogram for new‐onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a middle‐aged population in Vietnam.
Methods
A population‐based prospective study ...was designed to collect socio‐economic, anthropometric, lifestyle and clinical data. Five‐year T2D incidence was estimated and adjusted for age and sex. Hazard ratio (HR) for T2D was investigated using discrete‐time proportional hazards model. T2D prediction model entering the most significant risk factors was developed using the multivariable logistic‐regression algorithm. The corresponding prediction nomogram was constructed and checked for discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness.
Results
The age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence was 21.0 cases (95% CI: 12.2−40.0) per 1000 person‐years in people with mean BMI of 22.2 (95% CI: 21.9−22.7 kg/m2). The HRs (95% CI) for T2D were 1.14 (1.05−1.23) per 10 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 1.05 (1.03−1.08) per 1 cm waist circumference, 1.40 (1.13−1.73) per 1 mmol/L fasting blood glucose, 1.77 (1.15−2.71) per sleeping time (<6 h/day vs 6–7 h/day) and 2.12 (1.25−3.61) per residence (urban vs rural). The prediction nomogram for new‐onset T2D had a good discrimination (area under curve: 0.711, 95% CI: 0.666−0.755) and fit calibration (mean absolute error: 0.009). For the predicted probability thresholds between 0.03 and 0.36, the nomogram showed a positive net benefit, without increasing the number of false positives.
Conclusion
This study highlighted an alarmingly high incidence of T2D in a middle‐aged population with a normal range BMI in Vietnam. The individual prediction nomogram with decision curve analysis for new‐onset T2D would be valuable for early detection, intervention and treatment of the condition.
Multiple myeloma is a deadly cancer that is a complex and multifactorial disease. In the present study, 12 belinostat derivatives (four resynthesized and eight new), HDAC inhibitors, were ...resynthesized
via
either Knoevenagel condensation, or Wittig reaction, or Heck reaction. Then an evaluation of the antiproliferative activities against myeloma cells MOPC-315 was carried out. Amongst them, compound
7f
was the most bioactive compound with an IC
50
of 0.090 0.016 M, being 3.5-fold more potent than the reference belinostat (IC
50
= 0.318 0.049 M). Furthermore, we also confirmed the inhibitory activity of
7f
in a cellular model. Additionally, we found that the inhibitory activity of
7f
against histone deacetylase 6 catalytic activity (HDAC6) is more potent than that of belinostat. Finally, we observed the strong synergistic interaction between the derivative
7f
and the proteasome bortezomib inhibitor (CI = 0.26), while belinostat and bortezomib showed synergism with a CI value of 0.36. Taken together, the above results suggest that
7f
is a promising HDAC inhibitor deserving further investigation.
Multiple myeloma is a deadly cancer that is a complex and multifactorial disease.
This study, using C57BL/6J mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, aimed to determine whether Bifidobacterium species (spp.) both induces the expressions of proteins in the insulin signaling ...pathway and enhances the expressions of certain adipocytokines. The protein expressions of IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), IκB kinase beta (IKKβ), nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were also investigated. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium spp. reduced blood glucose levels significantly and increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor beta, insulin receptor substrate 1, protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), IKKα, and IκBα. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) showed increased expression. Bifidobacterium spp. also induced the adiponectin expression and decreased both macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. In addition, IKKβ, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase expressions showed no significant changes in both groups. In conclusion, Bifidobacterium spp. may be the promising bacteria for treating diabetes.
Purpose
We aimed to determine the incidence and prediction nomogram for new-onset metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a middle-aged Vietnamese population.
Methods
A population-based prospective study was ...conducted in 1150 participants aged 40–64 years without MetS at baseline and followed-up for 5 years. Data on lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, family diabetes history, and anthropometric measures were collected. MetS incidence was estimated in general population and subgroup of age, gender, and MetS components. A Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetS. A prediction nomogram was developed and checked for discrimination and calibration.
Results
During median follow-up of 5.14 years, the accumulate MetS incidence rate was 23.4% (95% CI: 22.2–24.7). The annual incidence rate (95% CI) was 52.9 (46.7–60.1) per 1000 person-years in general population and higher in women 56.6 (48.7–65.9) than men 46.5 (36.9–59.3). The HRs (95% CI) for developing MetS were gender females vs males: 2.04 (1.26–3.29), advanced age 1.02 (1.01–1.04) per one year, waist circumference 1.08 (1.06–1.10) per one cm and other obesity-related traits, and systolic blood pressure 1.02 (1.01–1.03) per one mmHg. The prediction nomogram for MetS had a good discrimination (C-statistics = 0.742) and fit calibration (mean absolute error = 0.009) with a positive net benefit in the predicted probability thresholds between 0.13 and 0.70.
Conclusions
The study is the first to indicate an alarmingly high incidence of MetS in a middle-aged population in Vietnam. The nomogram with simply applicable variables would be useful to qualify individual risk of developing MetS.
Osteoporosis, one of the most serious public health concerns caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, has a major impact on the population. Therefore, finding the effective ...osteogenic compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis is a promising research approach. In our study, tamarind (
L.) seed polysaccharide (TSP) extracted from tamarind seed was subjected to synthesize its sulfate derivatives. The
H NMR, FT-IR, SEM, monosaccharide compositions and elemental analysis data revealed that tamarind seed polysaccharide sulfate (TSPS) was successfully prepared. As the result, TSPS showed potent effects on inducing osteoblast differentiation via increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity up to 20% after 10 days and bone mineralization approximately 58% after four weeks at concentration of 20 μg/mL, whereas no statistically increase for both ALP activity and bone mineralization was observed in TSP treatment. Furthermore, TSPS enhanced expression of several marker genes in bone formation. Overall, the obtained data provided novelty on osteogenic compounds originated from TSP of
, as well as scientific fundamentals on drug development and bone tissue engineering for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases.
In this report, we focus on the modification of iron terephthalate metal–organic framework (MIL-53(Fe)) by soaking in H
2
O
2
solution and its mechanism. The structure of MIL-53(Fe) before and after ...the modification were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and N
2
adsorption–desorption isotherms. The XRD results showed that the material structure changed to amorphous phases and the photocatalytic efficiency was improved after modified by H
2
O
2
. The MIL-53 (Fe, H
2
O
2
) nanoparticles about 100–300 nm in size was successfully prepared and confirmed by SEM images. In term of UV–Vis DRS results, the absorption spectrum of modified MIL-53(Fe) shifted to higher wavelength and its band gap energy is estimated about 2.2 eV, which is significantly lower than the bandgap value of the conventional material. The impact of the modification on the photocatalytic efficiency was investigated by methylene blue (MB) degradation experiments and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. MB was completely decomposed within 30 min by modified MIL-53(Fe) under optimal conditions. The reaction parameters that affect MB degradation by the as-prepared catalyst were also investigated, including the pH solution, catalyst and H
2
O
2
dosage.
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