Aim
To (1) determine the proportion of 5‐year‐old children born extremely preterm (EPT) with movement difficulties including cerebral palsy (CP) and the proportion of these children receiving ...motor‐related health care (MRHC), and (2) describe factors associated with receiving MRHC.
Method
Children born before 28 weeks’ gestation in 2011 to 2012 in 11 European countries were assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC‐2) at 5 years of age. Information on family characteristics, child health including CP diagnosis, and health care use were collected using parent‐report questionnaires. MRHC was defined as visits in the previous year with health care providers (physical and occupational therapists) specialized in assessing/treating motor problems. We analysed receipt of MRHC and associated factors among children at risk of movement difficulties (MABC‐2 score 6th–15th centiles), with significant movement difficulties (SMD; ≤5th centile) or with CP.
Results
Of 807 children assessed at 5 years 7 months (SD 4 months; 4 years 7 months–7 years 1 month), 412 were males (51.1%), 170 (21.1%) were at risk of movement difficulties, 201 (24.9%) had SMD, and 92 (11.4%) had CP. Those who received MRHC comprised 89.1% of children with CP, 42.8% with SMD, and 25.9% at risk of movement difficulties. MRHC for children with SMD varied from 23.3% to 66.7% between countries. Children were more likely to receive MRHC if they had other developmental problems or socioemotional, conduct, or attention difficulties.
Interpretation
Efforts are needed to increase MRHC for 5‐year‐old children born EPT with movement difficulties.
What this paper adds
Children born extremely preterm without cerebral palsy frequently experienced motor difficulties.
Most of these children were not receiving motor‐related health care (MRHC).
Large geographical differences throughout Europe were observed in receipt of MRHC.
Socioemotional problems were related to MRHC use.
What this paper adds
Children born extremely preterm without cerebral palsy frequently experienced motor difficulties.
Most of these children were not receiving motor‐related health care (MRHC).
Large geographical differences throughout Europe were observed in receipt of MRHC.
Socioemotional problems were related to MRHC use.
The proportion of children at risk of movement difficulties or with significant movement difficulties receiving motor‐related health care varied from 4.5%/23.3% in the UK to 33.3%/66.7% in France. Variation between countries in the provision of motor‐related health care for children with cerebral palsy was lower.
This original article is commented on by Cameron on pages 1055–1056 of this issue.
This work presents systematic investigations of the structure and magnetic properties of mechanically activated (1−x)BiFeO3–(x)BaTiO3solid solutions in a wide range of constituents concentration ...(x=0.1–0.9). X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used as complementary methods in order to control the mechanical activation process and to follow composition-driven structural transition from rhombohedral to cubic symmetry. The investigations revealed that the structural transformation proceeds for x=0.4 and is accompanied by the disappearance of magnetic ordering in the samples. Moreover, evolution of the hyperfine interactions parameters with composition of the solid solutions was discussed in details. In particular, it was shown that hyperfine magnetic field induction decreases due to decreasing energy of superexchange interaction of iron ions. For the paramagnetic samples with x≥0.4 gradual decrease of quadrupole splitting was detected. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze microstructure of the samples and showed that the average grain size is in the range of 200–300nm.
•Mechanical activation allowed to prepare (1−x)BiFeO3–(x)BaTiO3 solid solutions for (x=0.1–0.9).•XRD revealed structural transitions from rhombohedral to cubic structure for x=0.4.•The structural transformation is accompanied by disappearance of magnetic ordering.•Evolution of hyperfine interactions parameters with composition was discussed.•The usefulness of Mössbauer spectroscopy in phase analysis of perovskites was shown.
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