In this work we consider point-like monopole production via photon-fusion and Drell–Yan processes in the framework of an effective
U
(1) gauge field theory obtained from conventional models ...describing the interaction of spin
magnetically-charged fields with ordinary photons, upon
electric-magnetic dualisation
. We present arguments based on such dualities which support the conjecture of an effective monopole-velocity-dependent magnetic charge. For the cases of spin-
and spin-1 monopoles, we also include a magnetic-moment term
κ
, which is treated as a new phenomenological parameter and, together with the velocity-dependent coupling, allows for a perturbative treatment of the cross-section calculation. We discuss unitarity issues within these effective field theories, in particular we point out that in the spin-1 monopole case only the value
κ
=
1
may restore unitarity. However from an effective-field-theory point of view, this lack of unitarity should not be viewed as an impediment for the phenomenological studies and experimental searches of generic spin-1 monopoles, given that the potential appearance of new degrees of freedom in the ultraviolet completion of such models might restore it. The second part of the paper deals with an appropriate implementation of photon-fusion and Drell–Yan processes based on the above theoretical scenarios into
MadGraph
UFO models, aimed to serve as a useful tool in interpretations of monopole searches at colliders such as LHC, especially for photon fusion, given that it has not been considered by experimental collaborations so far. Moreover, the experimental implications of such perturbatively reliable monopole searches have been laid out.
We study the prospects of searches for exotic long-lived particles with the MoEDAL detector at the LHC, assuming the integrated luminosity of 30 fb
-
1
that is expected at the end of Run 3. MoEDAL ...incorporates nuclear track detectors deployed a few metres away from the interaction point, which are sensitive to any highly-ionizing particles. Hence MoEDAL is able to detect singly- or doubly-charged particles with low velocities
β
<
0.15
or
<
0.3
, respectively, and lifetimes larger than
O
(
1
)
m
/
c
. We examine the MoEDAL sensitivity to various singly-charged supersymmetric particles with long lifetimes and to several types of doubly-charged long-lived particles with different spins and SU(2) charges. We compare the prospective MoEDAL mass reaches to current limits from ATLAS and CMS, which involve auxiliary analysis assumptions. MoEDAL searches for doubly-charged fermions are particularly competitive.
We present a study on the possibility of searching for long-lived supersymmetric partners with the MoEDAL experiment at the LHC. MoEDAL is sensitive to highly ionising objects such as magnetic ...monopoles or massive (meta)stable electrically charged particles. We focus on prospects of directly detecting long-lived sleptons in a phenomenologically realistic model which involves an intermediate neutral long-lived particle in the decay chain. This scenario is not yet excluded by the current data from ATLAS or CMS, and is compatible with astrophysical constraints. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we compare the sensitivities of MoEDAL versus ATLAS in scenarios where MoEDAL could provide discovery reach complementary to ATLAS and CMS, thanks to looser selection criteria combined with the virtual absence of background. It is also interesting to point out that, in such scenarios, in which charged staus are the main long-lived candidates, the relevant mass range for MoEDAL is compatible with a potential role of Supersymmetry in providing an explanation for the anomalous events observed by the ANITA detector.
It has been found that the central and right-hand-side graphs in Fig. 27 were produced with an incorrect run configuration in
MadGraph
; the correct graphs are presented here
MoEDAL is a pioneering experiment designed to search for highly ionizing avatars of new physics such as magnetic monopoles or massive (pseudo-)stable charged particles. Its groundbreaking physics ...program defines a number of scenarios that yield potentially revolutionary insights into such foundational questions as: are there extra dimensions or new symmetries; what is the mechanism for the generation of mass; does magnetic charge exist; what is the nature of dark matter; and, how did the big-bang develop. MoEDAL's purpose is to meet such far-reaching challenges at the frontier of the field. The innovative MoEDAL detector employs unconventional methodologies tuned to the prospect of discovery physics. The largely passive MoEDAL detector, deployed at Point 8 on the LHC ring, has a dual nature. First, it acts like a giant camera, comprised of nuclear track detectors - analyzed offline by ultra fast scanning microscopes - sensitive only to new physics. Second, it is uniquely able to trap the particle messengers of physics beyond the Standard Model for further study. MoEDAL's radiation environment is monitored by a state-of-the-art real-time TimePix pixel detector array. A new MoEDAL sub-detector to extend MoEDAL's reach to millicharged, minimally ionizing, particles (MMIPs) is under study.
We present a preliminary study on the possibility to search for massive long-lived electrically charged particles at the MoEDAL detector. MoEDAL is sensitive to highly ionising objects such as ...magnetic monopoles or massive (meta-)stable electrically charged particles and we focus on the latter in this paper. Requirements on triggering or reducing the cosmic-ray and cavern background, applied in the ATLAS and CMS analyses for long-lived particles, are not necessary at MoEDAL, due to its completely different detector design and extremely low background. On the other hand, MoEDAL requires slow-moving particles, resulting in sensitivity to massive states with typically small production cross sections. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the sensitivities of MoEDAL versus ATLAS/CMS for various long-lived particles in supersymmetric models, and we seek a scenario where MoEDAL can provide discovery reach complementary to ATLAS and CMS.
The objective of this study is to explore the effect of concussion history on head control during front on rugby tackles in non-professional male and female Rugby Union players.
An observational ...cross-sectional design.
A laboratory-based study of simulated front on rugby tackles with a dynamic relatively-weighted (∼50% body-mass) tackle bag.
27 club Rugby Union players were recruited; 10 (7female) with no-concussion history, 10 (3female) within 12-months of concussion and 7 (3female) with 24 + months since last concussion.
Linear and rotational head acceleration measured with a skin mounted CSx® triaxial accelerometer. Normalized Surface EMG amplitude of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid (Scm), upper trapezius (Trap) and splenius capitis (Spl). All outcome measures were synchronised with moment of impact with the tackle bag.
A mixed-model analysis showed that players with 12-Month concussion history had the highest head acceleration (females = 48.6g, males = 68.3g, p < 0.05) with lower Trap (6.9–11.7%, p < 0.05) and Spl (3–12%, p < 0.05) amplitudes compared to athletes with No-concussion.
These findings suggest probable disruption to neuromuscular control of the head in athletes with concussion history as a potential mechanism for recurrent concussion incidence.
•Rugby players within 12-months of diagnosed concussion have higher head acceleration during tackling situations.•Increased head accelerations were associated with reduced cervical muscle pre-activity in Males with concussion history.•There was no significant difference in head acceleration between males and females with history of concussion.•Concussion may affect neuromuscular control of the head during rugby tackle situations.
We discuss a new equation, the Galilean version of the complex Sine-Gordon equation in 1+1 dimensions, Ψxx(1−Ψ⁎Ψ)+2imΨt+Ψ⁎Ψx2−Ψ(1−Ψ⁎Ψ)2=0, derived from its relativistic counterpart via Galilean ...covariance. We determine its Lie point symmetries, discuss some group-invariant solutions, and examine some soliton solutions. The reduction under Galilean symmetry leads to an equation similar to the stationary Gross–Pitaevskii equation. This work is motivated in part by recent applications of the relativistic complex Sine-Gordon equation to the dynamics of Q-balls.
•We discuss a new non-linear Galilean complex Sine-Gordon equation.•We find the Lie point symmetries and perform a symmetry reduction of this equation.•We find one-soliton solutions of this new Galilean equation.
The theoretical motivation for exotic stable massive particles (SMPs) and the results of SMP searches at non-collider facilities are reviewed. SMPs are defined such that they would be sufficiently ...long-lived so as to still exist in the cosmos either as Big Bang relics or secondary collision products, and sufficiently massive such that they are typically beyond the reach of any conceivable accelerator-based experiment. The discovery of SMPs would address a number of important questions in modern physics, such as the origin and composition of dark matter and the unification of the fundamental forces. This review outlines the scenarios predicting SMPs and the techniques used at non-collider experiments to look for SMPs in cosmic rays and bound in matter. The limits so far obtained on the fluxes and matter densities of SMPs which possess various detection-relevant properties such as electric and magnetic charge are given.
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