RD53 pixel chips for the ATLAS and CMS Phase-2 upgrades at HL-LHC Loddo, F.; Andreazza, A.; Arteche, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2024, Letnik:
1067
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Phase-2 upgrades at the High-Luminosity LHC of ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN will require a new tracker with readout electronics operating in extremely harsh radiation environment (1 Grad), ...high hit rate (3.5 GHz/cm2) and high data rate readout (5 Gb/s). The RD53 collaboration is a joint effort between the ATLAS and CMS to qualify the chosen 65 nm CMOS technology in high radiation environment and develop the pixel readout chips of both experiments. After a half-scale demonstrator (RD53A) and full scale prototypes of the two ASICs (RD53B-ATLAS and RD53B-CMS), largely used by the two communities to characterize 3D and planar sensors, RD53 developed and submitted to foundry in 2023 the production chips. A general overview of the chip architecture will be described.
The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment aims to measure the fragmentation cross-section of protons into H, C, O targets at beam energies of interest for hadrontherapy (50-250 MeV for H and ...50-400 MeV/u for C ions).
Given the short range of the fragments, an inverse kinematic approach requiring precise tracking capabilities in a magnetic volume has been chosen.
A key subsystem of this experiment will be the Microstrip Silicon Detector, based on 3 X-Y measuring station, each composed of two 150
μm
thick single side microstrip sensors. In this work, we present the results of characterization of the new version of a 64 channel low-noise/low power high dynamic range readout ASIC and subsequent tests of the first 150 um thick sensor prototype.
A series of tests were also performed to validate a novel “grazing angle” approach, where it is possible to change the track length below a given strip varying the incoming particle’s incident angle onto the sensor to test the electronics dynamic range without using high Z ions.
Objective: Visual‐spatial and executive functions deficits have been reported in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated their specificity comparing cognitive function in OCD, panic ...disorder with agoraphobia (PD/A) and controls by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
Method: Fifty‐five subjects (25 OCD, 15 PD/A, 15 controls) without current depressive episode underwent structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV, Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Neuropsychological battery assessed: executive functions, visual discrimination, spatial memory and learning, verbal memory, general intellectual functioning.
Results: OCD showed controlled fluency, visual‐spatial construction, learning and memory deficits; PD/A spatial learning impairment. OCD was discriminated from PD/A and controls by three tests scores, predicting group membership for 76.4% of the cases.
Conclusion: Visual‐constructive and controlled fluency deficits seem specific in OCD, while the spatial learning deficit, shared with PD patients, may not be disorder‐specific, but anxiety‐related. Results support the proposed ventral frontal‐striatal circuit involvement in OCD.
•Minimization of power consumption and thermal time constant in LoC manufactured on glass substrates calls for dedicated micromachining methods, possibly featuring low cost and easy ...manufacturing.•Study of the thermal behavior of thin film heaters on glass substrate by coupling the electrical and heat transfer equations implemented in a numerical simulator.•The micromachining method proposed in this paper makes use of a conventional automatic dicing machine for silicon or glass wafers that was exploited to dig 240μm wide trenches.•An experimental improvement of the thermal resistance up to 217% on a heat sink and 30% in air has been obtained in the case of chessboard trench geometry.
This paper presents a comprehensive procedure for the design and implementation of thin film heaters manufactured on glass substrates. The thermal and electrical behavior of the heaters have first been simulated and proper design solutions have been adopted for increasing the thermal resistance of the heaters, thus decreasing their power consumption. Trenches were adopted in order to thermally isolate the heater from the glass substrate. The presence of four different layouts of trenches on the back and the front side of the glass slide with different geometries was extensively simulated. The simulated geometries were manufactured and an automatic sawing machine was exploited to dig 240μm wide trenches in the glass substrate. The trenches were typically stopped at about 80μm from the opposite surface. Techniques commonly adopted for measuring the temperature coefficient of resistance, the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance in the case of Si-based microheaters have conveniently been modified to take into account the fundamentally different thermal parameters of a heater manufactured on glass. An experimental improvement of the thermal resistance up to 217% on a heat sink and 30% in air has been obtained when a large part of the thermal mass under the microheater was removed. The thermal capacitance was also considerably decreased, thus improving the dynamic thermal behavior.
Radioguided surgery (RGS) is a medical practice which thanks to a radiopharmaceutical tracer and a probe allows the surgeon to identify tumor residuals up to a millimetric resolution in real-time. ...The employment of β− emitters, instead of γ or β+, reduces background from healthy tissues, administered activity to the patient, and medical exposure. In a previous work the possibility of using a CMOS Imager (Aptina MT9V011), initially designed for visible light imaging, to detect β− from 90Y or 90Sr sources has been established. Because of its possible application as counting probe in RGS, the performances of MT9V011 in clinical-like conditions were studied.11This work financed by Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Italy, project CHIR2, and partially supported by Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Italy , Fondo Ricerca di Base 2017, project SEISIPO.
Through horizontal scans on a collimated 90Sr source of different sizes (1, 3, 5, 7 mm), we have determined relationships between scan fit parameters and the source dimension, namely A quadratic correlation and a linear dependency of, respectively, signal integrated over scan interval, and maximum signal against source diameter, are determined. Horizontal scan measurements on a source, interposing collimators of different size, aim to determine relationships or correlations between scan fit parameters and source dimension. A quadratic correlation and a linear dependency of, respectively, signal integrated over scan interval, and maximum signal against source diameter are determined.
In order to get closer to clinical conditions, agar–agar phantoms containing 90Y with different dimensions and activities were prepared. A 90Y phantom is characterized by a central spot and a ring all around, for simulating both signal (tumor) and background (surrounding healthy tissue). The relationship found between scan maximum and 90Sr source diameter is then exploited to extract the concentration ratio between spot and external ring of the 90Y phantom. This observable, defined as the ratio between the tumor and the nearby healthy tissues uptake simulates the Tumor-to-Non-tumor Ratio (TNR). With the aim of evaluating the sensor’s ability to discriminate signal from background relying on the significance parameter, a further 90Y phantom, featuring a well-known and clinical-like activity will mimic the signal only condition. This result is used to extrapolate to different source sizes, after having estimated the background for various TNR. The obtained significance values suggest that the MT9V011 sensor is capable of distinguishing a signal from an estimated background, depending on the interplay among TNR, acquisition time and tumor diameter.
•A CMOS imager has been used as sensor for beta- emission from isotopes (90Y) of interest in Radioguided surgery.•Using a position scan a correlation between the source dimension and the shape of the response has been found.•The sensitivity of the sensor to tumor detection has been determined by studying the interplay among TNR, acquisition time and tumor diameter.
In this paper, a new four-point probe, double spiral heating element configuration for micromachined gas sensors is proposed and a simple analytical model of the steady-state thermal behavior of the ...microheater is presented. A testing procedure is suggested, based on simple two-wire and four-wire resistance versus power measurements, together with an iterative extraction procedure for the parameters of the thermal model. This allowed us to accurately extract the sensor active area temperature as a function of the total power dissipated on the microheater.
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