Chemical reactivity is observed following electron irradiation of a binary mixture of ammonia (NH(3)) and acetic acid (CH(3)COOD) at 25 K, without any subsequent thermal activation, as evidenced by ...vibrational high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Analysis of the HREEL spectra and comparison with infrared and Raman data of different molecules are compatible with glycine formation in its zwitterionic form. The onset for electron induced reaction is found to be at about approximately 13 eV. The mechanisms may involve NH radicals interaction with CH(3)COOD molecules. Then glycine formation does not imply any displacement of reactants, so that it involves only NH(3) and CH(3)COOD neighboring molecules.
Total cross sections for positron scattering on argon, nitrogen and hydrogen have been measured at 0.4–20
eV by an absolute, transmission method. The apparatus uses a weak magnetic field but is ...characterised by small entrance and exit apertures of the scattering cell, assuring a good angular resolution down to the sub-eV energy range. Present measurements in all three gases show a fall of the cross section from the zero energy limit, then constant cross section values, within the error bar, up to the positronium formation threshold. Agreement with other experiments and theories is good but present data in the low energy limit are generally higher.
One-dimensional (1D) metal oxides, typically nanowires and nanorods, have unique electronic and optical properties due to quantum phenomena that find applications in modern energy and electronic ...devices. We present here the electrospinning method that produces the aligned TiO2 nanofibres directly on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates mounted rotating disc collector. The aligned TiO2 ceramic nanofibres mat of 6 μm thickness is achieved in 4 h using a nonconductive enclosed-air-shield with air-hood design over the FTO mounted rotating disc collector. The aligned TiO2 nanofibers are found to retain its integrity and binding on FTO surface even after sintering at 500°C. SIMON 8 modeling package is used to determine the behaviour of the charged polymer/TiO2 jet when single and double needles are used for electrospinning process. The simulation study reveals that the repulsive force of the charged fibers from the double needle exerts stronger electric field distribution along the flow of stream that results in the reduction of the fibers diameter, which is about 28 nm than that of using single-needle system.
Objective This secondary analysis evaluated the efficacy of modafinil in children and adolescents by subtype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using pooled data from 3 double-blind, ...placebo-controlled studies. Study design The patients were boys and girls age 6 to 17 years. ADHD subtype diagnoses (ie, inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, combined) were based on criteria published in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Patients received modafinil (170 to 425 mg) or placebo once daily for 7 to 9 weeks. Efficacy assessment used the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) School and Home Versions, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale (CGI-I), and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R:S). Results A total of 638 patients received modafinil (n = 423) or placebo (n = 215). The inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined subtypes included 187 (30%), 27 (4%), and 403 (65%) patients, respectively. Modafinil (vs placebo) significantly improved mean total scores for the ADHD-RS-IV School and Home Versions for the inattentive (change from baseline: School, modafinil, −15.7, placebo, −7.1; Home, modafinil, −13.8, placebo, −5.9) and combined subtypes (School, −16.5 vs −8.8; Home, −15.7 vs −7.6). Modafinil was associated with greater improvements on the CGI-I and improved CPRS-R:S subscale scores in inattentive and combined subtypes. Conclusions Modafinil improved ADHD symptoms and behaviors in patients with the inattentive and combined subtypes as determined by teachers, investigators, and parents.
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