A new ternary compound Rh3Te2O10 was synthesized by reacting Rh2O3 and TeO2 under 1 bar oxygen at 950 K. The compound was characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, EDX and magnetic susceptability analyses. From ...the TG experiment, the formation reaction could be expressed as 6Rh2O3(s) + 8TeO2(s) + 3O2(g) = 4Rh3Te2O10(s). Rh3Te2O10 crystallizes with a rutile type structure, a = 456.6(2), c = 385.9(1) pm, space group P42/mnm (No. 136). The thermodynamic stability of the compound was determined by measuring the vapor pressure of TeO2(g). The vapor pressure over the two-phase mixture of Rh2O3 and Rh3Te2O10 is given by the relation ln p(TeO2)/Pa (-0.07) = -36138.9 * T-1 + 35.3, 915 T/K 985. The Gibbs energy of formation of the compound derived using the above vapor pressure data can be expressed as Delta fGDG(Rh3Te2O10, s) (-7.0 kJ mol-1) = -1510.3 + 0.897 T, 915 T/K 985.
New indides SrAu{sub 3}In{sub 3} and EuAu{sub 3}In{sub 3} were synthesized by induction melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. Both indides were characterized by X-ray diffraction on ...powders and single crystals. They crystallize with a new orthorhombic structure type: Pmmn, Z=2, a=455.26(9), b=775.9(2), c=904.9(2) pm, wR2=0.0425, 485 F{sup 2} values for SrAu{sub 3}In{sub 3} and a=454.2(2), b=768.1(6), c=907.3(6) pm, wR2=0.0495, 551 F{sup 2} values for EuAu{sub 3}In{sub 3} with 26 variables for each refinement. The gold and indium atoms build up three-dimensional Au{sub 3}In{sub 3} polyanionic networks, which leave distorted hexagonal channels for the strontium and europium atoms. Within the networks one observes Au2 atoms without Au-Au contacts and gold zig-zag chains (279 pm Au1-Au1 in EuAu{sub 3}In{sub 3}). The Au-In and In-In distances in EuAu{sub 3}In{sub 3} range from 270 to 290 and from 305 to 355 pm. The europium atoms within the distorted hexagonal channels have coordination number 14 (8 Au+6 In). EuAu{sub 3}In{sub 3} shows Curie-Weiss behavior above 50 K with an experimental magnetic moment of 8.1(1) {mu}B/Eu atom. {sup 151}Eu Moessbauer spectra show a single signal at {delta}=-11.31(1) mm/s, compatible with divalent europium. No magnetic ordering was detected down to 3 K. - Graphical abstract: The three-dimensional Au{sub 3}In{sub 3} network in SrAu{sub 3}In{sub 3}.
The importance of multimodal treatment for advanced esophago-gastric cancer has contributed to the development of more accurate preoperative staging strategies. The impact of staging laparoscopy and ...cytology after conventional staging is evaluated in this study. Staging laparoscopy was performed in 125 patients with potentially resectable cancer of the distal esophagus or gastric cancer. Results were registered separately on a database according to the TNM classification of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC). Laparoscopy changed TNM classification in 46 cases. Explorative laparoscopy resulted in up-staging concerning the N-factor (n = 15) and M-factor (n = 28). Downstaging of the T-factor was recorded in three cases. Cytologic examination gave no additional information in our series. Our experience suggests a clear benefit of laparoscopy in staging of patients with distal esophagus or gastric malignancy. Laparoscopy is a safe and effective staging modality, avoiding unnecessary laparotomies and providing new means of directing appropriate treatment strategy.
Lung cancer is difficult to control locally by radiotherapy and is known to have frequently p53 mutations. Previous results have shown that non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with ...nonfunctional p53 have a higher fraction of radiation-induced apoptosis and that apoptosis follows after the release from the G2/M arrest. The aim of the present work was to study whether inhibition of the p53 response in NSCLC cell lines can modulate the G2/M arrest and the induction of apoptosis after ionizing radiation. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (As-ODNs) were used to inhibit the p53 response in the cell lines H460 and A549 with functional p53. In addition, H661 with nonfunctional p53 was used. The results have shown that As-ODNs targeting mRNA of p53 and p21 downregulate radiation-induced expression of p53 and p21 super(WAF1/CIP1). Delayed apoptosis (35.7 plus or minus 4.2% in H460, 1.2 plus or minus 0.4% in A549 and 72.2 plus or minus 6.5% in H661) was observed after cell cycle progression beyond the G2 block, either in the late G2 phase of the same cell cycle being irradiated (H661) or in the G1 phase of the subsequent cell cycle (H460, A549). As-p53 significantly decreased the fraction of G2/M-arrested cells in H460 cells and increased radiation-induced apoptosis at 96 hours by 17.9 plus or minus 8.5 and 9.1 plus or minus 3.3% to 53.6 plus or minus 7.4 and 10.8 plus or minus 2.9% in H460 and A549 cells (P<.01), respectively, but had no effect in H661 cells with nonfunctional p53. In addition, As-p21 decreased the fraction of G2-arrested A549 and H460 cells and increased apoptosis by 23.8 plus or minus 5.2 and 31.6 plus or minus 7.3% to 59.4 plus or minus 3.1 and 32.8 plus or minus 7.3%, respectively (P<.01). In conclusion, these data show that radiation-induced G2 arrest is decreased in NSCLC cells and radiation-induced apoptosis is increased when p53-responsive pathways are blocked via As-ODN targeting p53 or p21 super(WAF1/CIP1) mRNA. In view of the fact that p53 and p21 As-ODN had similar effects on radiation-induced apoptosis normalized by their ability to inhibit radiation-induced p21 expression, we concluded that p21 is an important trigger of late ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ungünstige Ernährungs- und Bewegungsgewohnheiten bilden sich oft bereits in der Kindheit aus und führen zu Übergewicht und Adipositas.
Fragestellung
Ziel der vorliegenden ...Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die Wirksamkeit ernährungs- und bewegungsbezogener Interventionen hinsichtlich Gewicht und Gesundheitsverhalten im Setting Kita zu geben.
Methoden
Eine systematische Literaturrecherche zu zwischen 2007 und 2014 publizierten Übersichtsarbeiten wurde in PubMed, Cochrane Library und Campbell Collaboration durchgeführt. Zehn systematische Reviews und 3 Metaanalysen mit 22 kitabasierten Interventionen wurden eingeschlossen. Die Interventionen stammten aus Nordamerika (
N
= 14), Europa (
N
= 5), Asien (
N
= 2) und Australien (
N
= 1). Die Hälfte der Interventionen richtete sich an ethnische Minoritäten oder Kinder aus sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Familien. Angaben zu Effekten auf anthropometrische Maße (z. B. Body-Mass-Index), das Ernährungs- und Bewegungsverhalten sowie Merkmale effektiver Programme wurden extrahiert und narrativ zusammengefasst.
Ergebnisse
Es konnte keine gesicherte Evidenz zu Effekten der Interventionen auf anthropometrische Maße festgestellt werden. Dagegen zeigten sich in 7 von 9 Studien positive Effekte in ernährungsbezogenen Outcomes (z. B. Obst-/Gemüsekonsum). Bezüglich des Bewegungsverhaltens ergaben sich nur vereinzelt positive Effekte. Merkmale, die mit einer erhöhten Wirksamkeit in Verbindung gebracht wurden, waren 1) die Vermittlung von Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen, 2) eine starke Einbeziehung der Eltern und 3) Informationen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Verhalten und Gesundheit für Eltern.
Diskussion
Insgesamt ergeben sich erste Hinweise auf frühzeitige Verbesserungen im Ernährungs- und Bewegungsverhalten durch Präventionsprogramme in Kitas. Die Evidenz wird allerdings durch eine geringe Studienzahl, methodische Mängel und Inkonsistenzen in der Zielparameter-Erfassung eingeschränkt. Der Nachweis für die Wirksamkeit der Interventionen auf objektive Maße von Übergewicht steht noch aus.
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