The Finnish state has created a high level of social protection for its women. Thanks to social support, Finnish women have become economically independent and have been given the opportunity for ...personal and professional development. Gender equality is inextricably linked to democracy, human rights and social justice. The Finnish state actively supports the women’s movement and in particular feminist organizations. The process of involving women in politics was slow. The first feminist party, Feministinen puolue, is active in Finland.
The autonomy of the Aland Islands within Finland implies a system of self-government in a certain area within the borders of a sovereign state. The Aland Islands have an ethnic and cultural identity ...and receive powers for internal administration as part of the state. The autonomy of the Islands gives them the ability to solve internal problems, while the state remains responsible for foreign policy, security, etc. All this is made possible by the Aland autonomy Act, which came into force in 1993 and was confirmed by the Finnish Constitution. The act regulates almost all issues of self-government of the Islands. At the same time, the Aland Islands can be classified as a federacy, which indicates a special Federal relationship within a unitary state. Domestic cooperation between the Finnish government and the Aland Islands is based on a formal bilateral non-hierarchical partnership.
Discussions about Finland's accession to NATO began in the late twentieth century. The greatest activity on the issue of Finland's membership in the Alliance was the country's accession to the ...European Union. Finland has stepped up cooperation with NATO in various forms, ranging from arms purchases to participation in peacekeeping operations. At present, Finland is trying to find new ways to ensure its own security.
Solid solutions (InSb)x(ZnS)1-x of different compositions have been obtained using a specially developed technology (applied to the InSb-ZnS system under study). Performed X-ray and ...electron-microscopic studies made it possible to certify the solid solutions obtained as solid substitutional solutions with the sphalerite structure, and also to determine their element composition, which practically coincides with the molar composition. corresponding physical and chemical properties of the solid solutions has been shown (with the example of two AIIIBV-AIIBVI type systems) which manifested in their concentration dependences nature. The inevitable competition between the relative contributions of Lewis and Bronsted acide sites has been justified. The predictions of the trend of the surface isoelectric state pH in the series InSb → (InSb)x(ZnS)1-x→ ZnS and their activity with respect to gases of a certain electronic nature have been given.
Polymer Globule as a Nanoreactor Kuchanov, S; Pogodin, S; ten Brinke, G ...
Macromolecules,
04/2008, Letnik:
41, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Peculiarities of chemical reactions inside polymer globules with sizes falling in the nanometric range have been theoretically studied. The simplest example of a polymer-catalyzed bimolecular ...reaction between two low-molecular-weight compounds has been considered to illustrate the advantages of conducting chemical transformations in globular solution of macromolecules. Under theoretical examination of polymer-analogous transformations of polymer molecules, the possibility has been shown of reaction-induced conformational transitions between their coil and globular states. Besides, a pronounced effect has been revealed of the preferential sorption of low-molecular-weight reagents on composition of copolymers formed.
In a systematic ab initio study, the Hartree−Fock, B3LYP density functional, and MP2 methods are employed to calculate the bowl-to-bowl inversion barrier of corannulene (1). Basis sets ranging from a ...minimal basis (STO-3G) to a double polarized valence triple-ζ basis (6-311G(2d,2p)) were used. In comparison with experimental data, it was found that inclusion of dynamic electron correlation (e.g., B3LYP) and a 6-311G** basis set (or other basis sets with similar complexity) are essential for quantitatively correct results. At B3LYP/6-311G**, ΔG ⧧ 298 = 44.9 kJ/mol. Thermal corrections to Gibbs energy of activation were of minor importance in the relevant range of temperatures. Inversion barriers (ΔE ⧧ Tot) of the bowl-shaped fullerene fragments C26H12 4 and C30H12 5 and the chiral C30H12 6 are predicted to be 28.0, 199.4, and 277.3 kJ/mol, respectively, at B3LYP/6-311G**. Predicted enthalpies of formations and strain energies are also discussed.
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