Метою cmammi е дослкження й оц1нка тих зрушень, ям вкбулися у бюджетному процес внатдок змши соцальних стандарта в УкраМ протягом 2010-2020рр. Устаттiзд'шснено перевру г'тотези про наявнсть зв'язкумж ...зм:нами такихсоцальнихстандарта, якпрожитковий мнмум i м'ш'мальна заробтна плата, та обсягв тодаткових надходжень до зведеного бюджету, а також обсягами бюджетних видатмв. Проаналвовано сучаснi пдходи до оцнки впливу соцальних стандарт'в i показано, що фккальш ефекти у лтературi майже не дошджуються. На основi пор'вняльного аналзу динамки встановленого та фактичного прожиткового мш'муму й основних показнишв Зведеного бюджету Укра'ши за 2010-2020 рр. у квартальному розрЫ побудовано регресшт моделi, зокрема, з ф'штивними зм/нними. Виявлено, що кнуе суттевий розрив мж встановленими та фактичними прожитковими мммумами, який з часом зб'шьшуеться. Водночасмш'мальна заробтна плата наближаеться до фактичного прожиткового мнмуму для працездатних ос'б, що е позитивним фактом. Основною екзогенною зм'шно! у моделях податкових надходжень е сукупт доходи населення. Побудовано модель залежностi доход/в населення вд середньоiзароб/тно/ плати, середньо!' пенси та прожиткового м:н:муму. Показано, що зб'шьшення мiнiмaльноi заробтно'i плати у 2017 р. не мало бажаного прямого фккального ефекту для податку на доходи фвичних оаб, надходжень единого соцального внеску та витрат населення на соцальне страхування. Опосередкований вплив на надходження податку на додану варткть та акцизного збору, якого можна оч'шувати через зб'шьшення куп'вельноiспроможностi населення, також е незначним. Причиною цього е зменшення у дв'т cтiввiдношення мж мш'мальною та середньою заробтною платою внаслкок ii приховування, високого рвня т'шьовоi економ'ши та штучного заниження. Показано, що видатки зведеного бюджету на соцальне забезпечення та оплату прац е б'шьш чутливими до змiни рвних соцальних стандартк, що створюе ризики макроекономчноi нестаб'шьностi в УкраМ.
Flaxseed oil and seeds are natural sources of essential fatty acids – ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic. However, the content of α-linolenic acid in the seeds of industrial varieties of oil flax and ...even in individual varieties of the food industry is several times higher than the content of fatty acids presented in the pool, including linoleic acid. Therefore, there is a need to create varieties with a ratio of ω-3:ω-6 of at least 1:5 for food and medicinal use. The article studies the biochemical parameters of seeds in oil flax varieties for different areas of use, both technical and food. The work used standard methods of biochemical analysis of plant seeds (extraction method for determining fat, gas-liquid chromatography, titration, spectrophotometric methods). Statistical analysis of research results was carried out using the programs Libre Office Calc (GNU Lesser General Public Licensev). As a result of the study of five varieties, three of which are considered for food use (‘Kivika’, ‘Zhyvynka’, ‘Solnechnyj’), it was established that only the 'Solnechnyj' variety has a ω-3:ω-6 ratio in oil of 1:16.9, which corresponds to the recommended indicators. and other cultivars have high linolenic acid values and, accordingly, an altered polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of 3:1 and 1:1.6, respectively. A comparative study of the content of fatty acids and the determination of acid, peroxide and iodine numbers showed that the iodine number and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids are the most important criteria for identifying the quality of the oil and determine the further directions for its use. It was revealed that flax seeds of both technical and food fields are very rich in vitamin E at the level of 117–146 mg/100 g. Therefore, they are recommended to be used more widely in food as a source of this vitamin. It is proposed that when creating new varieties of flax for food purposes, also need to take into account the indicators of iodine and acid numbers, which should be low in them. These indicators are also of interest for characterizing already existing varieties in order to differentiate them. It is noted that for food use it is necessary to create varieties with a reduced content of linolenic acid to the level of 5-10%.
Investigation of shocked materials provides unique information about behavior of substances in extreme thermodynamic conditions. Near surface nuclear tests have induced multiple transformations of ...affected soils. Examination of nuclear glasses and relics of entrapped minerals provides a unique database on their behavior under an intense temperature flash. In this work, several types of nuclear fallout particles from historic tests at the Semipalatinsk test site are investigated using complementary analytical methods. Distribution of radionuclides in all types of samples is highly heterogeneous; domains with high content of radionuclides are often intermixed with non-active materials. There is no general correlation between chemical composition of the glassy matrix and content of radionuclides. In aerodynamic fallout, the main fraction of radionuclides is trapped in the outer glassy shell. Relics of quartz grains are always devoid of radionuclides, while glass regions of high activity have different composition. In contrast to underground tests, iron-rich minerals are not necessarily radioactive. In most cases, the glassy matrix in anhydrous and is strongly polymerized, and the Q3 silicate groups dominate. Temperature-induced transformations of entrapped minerals are discussed. Investigation of zircon grains shows absence of a direct correlation between degree of decomposition into constituting oxides, morphology of resulting baddeleyite, and maximum experienced temperature. For the first time, temperature history of a nuclear ground glass is estimated from Zr diffusion profiles from decomposing zircon grain.
Aim. Using the method of colorimetry, to investigate the features of the manifestation of pink color of the petals of the corolla in cultivated and wild species of flax. Methods. Colorimetric, ...descriptive, statistical. Results. Different colors of petals of a number of flax lines with the use of instrumental technologies are analyzed and their numerical characteristics in the channels of red, green and blue colors of the spectrum are established. The obtained numerical characteristics of color are characterized by rather small variation that allows to use this technology for reliable identification of the samples of flax differing in color of petals or other parts of a plant. Conclusions. It was found that in all genotypes of flax with pink color of the petals in numerical terms, the red color component has similar values and predominates over other color components. L. grandiflorum was found to have the highest percentage of color components, which differs significantly from other genotypes studied. A large proportion of red color was also found in the variety Rumyanets and L. pubescens. And in the pink-flowered lines of cultivated flax M-66 and LR-1-1 a uniform ratio of color components was found.
The formation of directions for Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period requires a logical and well-grounded conception built on the principles of modern science. In ...modern research, much attention is paid to the development of methodological support for the development of conceptions and conceptional provisions as a basis for the development of the country. However, there is currently no single scientifically grounded conception for Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» after the war. The aim of the article is to substantiate the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period. The main postulates of classical and neoclassical theories and conceptions that examine the problems of backwardness of countries by directions and dynamics of socioeconomic development, as well as individual authors’ models that describe various modifications of the «traps of backwardness» are generalized. The basic postulates of modern European research on the problems of recovery of the socioeconomic development after crises are defined. On this basis, a theoretical platform for the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» is proposed. The effectiveness of the use of cognitive models to address the needs of the theory and practice of Ukraine’s post-war exit from the «trap of backwardness» is shown. The draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period is substantiated, containing a number of hypotheses and provisions, which together solve an important scientific and practical task of creating a mechanism and conditions for overcoming and destroying the trap of backwardness in Ukraine, as well as excluding the causes and possibilities of its reproduction in the post-war and long-term periods. Theoretical and practical problems that can be solved on the basis of the implementation of the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» presented in the article are structured.
Abstract
The article shows the relevance of transition to a cyclical economy in the society under the influence of global crises. Two hypotheses were proposed. Firstly, the formation of environmental ...values in Ukrainian society can be traced, which can create the basis for the transition of society to a circular economy model. Secondly, the important role of education in the implementation of the concepts of sustainable development and the circular economy has been confirmed, since it ensures the formation of environmental and economic consciousness, value orientations and social culture, trains specialists and develops the economy, in particular cyclical economy. To assess the hypotheses, the following were used: an online survey of representatives of the educational community. The results showed: 1) insufficient awareness of respondents about the nature of the circular economy; 2) the value of protecting the ecology of the region and the understanding of the importance of environmental protection in Ukrainian society are weak; 3) The most important problems include economic problems, but at the same time, environmental problems of the territories. An analysis of the scientific literature and coverage of foreign practical experience made it possible to determine the ways of developing education in support of sustainable development, the “green” and cyclical economy, the reorientation of higher and postgraduate education towards the training of specialists in the cyclical economy. The results can be useful in the formation and adaptation of educational and environmental strategies.
AGE CHANGES OF THE LIVER Poliakova, D. O.; Kramar, S. B.
Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії,
03/2023, Letnik:
23, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The purpose of the research is to analyze the results of scientific works devoted to the study of age-related changes in the liver and aging under the influence of various harmful factors.
Research ...material and methods. Analytical and bibliosemantic methods were used in the research. The search for scientific information on the topic of age-related changes in the liver and general scientific medical information was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases.
The results. The analysis of literary sources made it possible to establish that in the course of life, the human body undergoes a number of changes that lead to its aging. Physiological aging of the body is accompanied by irreversible functional and organic restructuring of all systems and organs, including the liver. The most common cause of diffuse changes in the liver parenchyma in elderly patients is steatosis, in the development of which mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role. The problem of bad habits is also acute, because they inevitably accelerate the aging process in the liver itself and cause pronounced diffuse changes. This list includes alcohol consumption, smoking, and poor nutrition. Hereditary diseases are a separate direction of age-related changes in the liver. Without proper therapy, they accelerate the aging of the liver and the appearance of new chronic diseases associated with them.
It was also established that scientists have always sought to find reasons that affect the shortening of life, the mechanisms of liver aging, and the development of its age-related pathology. Along this path, hundreds of hypotheses have arisen that explain the essence of aging by the action of some single factor, say, a violation in one or another link of life support. One of the first synthetic theories of aging, based on the action of a complex system of factors, is the adaptive and regulatory function of the liver.
This theory is called adaptive because it sees the basis of aging in the reduction of the body's adaptive capabilities with age; and regulatory – because the shifts that occur are explained by a change in the mechanisms of regulation of exchange and function. According to the adaptation-regulatory theory, along with aging, a destructive process, the process of vitauktu (from vita - life, auktum - to increase) develops, aimed at stabilizing the viability of the liver and the body as a whole. This idea determined the tactics and strategy for solving this problem – to slow down the pace of aging and optimize the aging process and the adaptive capabilities of the body as much as possible.
Conclusions. For the treatment and prevention of liver diseases, against the background of inevitable aging, it is advisable to use drugs with a multidirectional effect on various links of the pathogenesis of liver lesions. Systematic implementation of preventive measures will allow older people to maintain good health and work capacity for many years.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most frequent autosomal recessive diseases caused by inherited deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is accompanied by intellectual disability. The
...PAH
gene mutations lead to a complete or partial loss of activity in the PAH enzyme, resulting in an increase in the serum phenylalanine level and phenotypic PKU manifestations. The study includes an analysis of the spectrum of
PAH
mutations among patients with PHU from West Ukrainian regions. Molecular genetic analyses were performed in 158 nonrelative PKU patients, including a cohort of 101 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) diagnosed by neonatal screening. DNA of the PKU patients was isolated by the salting-out method from peripheral blood lymphocytes. We used the method of polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP–PCR, ACRS–PCR) to study 316 alleles. According to the results of the study, the R408W mutation has been identified with high degree homozygosity (35.44%) in 58.54% of mutant alleles. The frequencies of other identified mutations were as follows (in parentheses): IVS10nt-11G>A (4.35%), R158Q (4.17%), Y414C (2.78%), and R252W (1.25%). The most spread mutation among PKU patients from the western region of Ukraine was R408W. The spectrum and the frequency of mutations in the studied sample correlated with the frequency shown by the general population of Ukraine and corresponded to the spectrum of mutations in Western Europe.
Development of Russian society puts forward new requirements for the quality of training in higher educational institutions. It is necessary for a short period of training in the higher educational ...institution not only to transfer to student's important professional knowledge and skills, but also to form the ability and willingness to use them creatively. This issue is especially challenging when preparing design students. Today, a promising, popular and dynamically developing profession of designer is in demand in almost all areas of life. The increased demand for individuality in the design of living space, from the planning and design of the interior or exterior to the most insignificant things, can only be satisfied by a designer who has the ability to combine, improvise and find breakthrough ideas. Therefore, there is a crucial issue of the search for teaching aids that allow students to be prepared to find the solutions of professional tasks with creative independence. The professional activity of a designer is determined by the objects and tasks, which require creative abilities, spatial visual thinking, knowledge of the graphic language for visualization of informarion. The design project is created by man and for man. This determines the importance of solving socio-cultural issues, as well as taking into account the characteristics of human perception in the design process. It requires knowledge of the natural sciences, engineering and humanities, various types of arts, architecture, literature and even music. Thus, the intra-systemic and inter-systemic connections required for the implementation of designprohects, make it more intelligent and human oriented.
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