Abstract
Campaigns have been launched to make sense of what makes a specific individual suicidal. We know that suicidal individuals give definite warning signs, mainly from their ambivalence about ...ending their own lives. Classical suicidology posited that the suicidal individual experiences unbearable psychological pain (
psychache
) or suffering and that suicide might be, at least in part, an attempt to escape from this suffering, emphasizing that suicide is not a movement toward death but rather an escape from unbearable emotion and unendurable or unacceptable anguish. Suicide occurs when that individual deems the psychache to be unbearable. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such emotional pain shares the same neuroanatomical circuit of somatic pain. Furthermore, concepts related to death, failure, or other unfortunate circumstances activate specific cerebral areas in a suicidal individual compared to a non-suicidal subject. The author conducted a sizeable clinical investigation on mental pain related to psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. Implications for further research are discussed during the presentation.
Disclosure of Interest
M. Pompili Consultant of: Janssen, Lundbeck, Recordati, MSD, Speakers bureau of: Janssen, Lundbeck, Angelini Pharma, Pfizer
The distribution of entangled states across the nodes of a future quantum internet will unlock fundamentally new technologies. Here, we report on the realization of a three-node entanglement-based ...quantum network. We combine remote quantum nodes based on diamond communication qubits into a scalable phase-stabilized architecture, supplemented with a robust memory qubit and local quantum logic. In addition, we achieve real-time communication and feed-forward gate operations across the network. We demonstrate two quantum network protocols without postselection: the distribution of genuine multipartite entangled states across the three nodes and entanglement swapping through an intermediary node. Our work establishes a key platform for exploring, testing, and developing multinode quantum network protocols and a quantum network control stack.
Future quantum internet applications will derive their power from the ability to share quantum information across the network
. Quantum teleportation allows for the reliable transfer of quantum ...information between distant nodes, even in the presence of highly lossy network connections
. Although many experimental demonstrations have been performed on different quantum network platforms
, moving beyond directly connected nodes has, so far, been hindered by the demanding requirements on the pre-shared remote entanglement, joint qubit readout and coherence times. Here we realize quantum teleportation between remote, non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network. The network uses three optically connected nodes based on solid-state spin qubits. The teleporter is prepared by establishing remote entanglement on the two links, followed by entanglement swapping on the middle node and storage in a memory qubit. We demonstrate that, once successful preparation of the teleporter is heralded, arbitrary qubit states can be teleported with fidelity above the classical bound, even with unit efficiency. These results are enabled by key innovations in the qubit readout procedure, active memory qubit protection during entanglement generation and tailored heralding that reduces remote entanglement infidelities. Our work demonstrates a prime building block for future quantum networks and opens the door to exploring teleportation-based multi-node protocols and applications
.
Objective
Assess reported risk of suicide attempts by patients with bipolar disorder (BD).
Method
Systematic searching yielded 101 reports from 22 countries (79 937 subjects). We analyzed for risk ...(%) and incidence rates (%/year) of attempts, comparing sex and diagnostic types, including by meta‐analysis.
Results
Attempt risk averaged 31.1% CI: 27.9–34.3 of subjects, or 4.24 3.78–4.70%/year. In BD‐I (43 studies) and BD‐II subjects (30 studies), risks (29.9%, 31.4%) and incidence rates (4.01, 4.11%/year) were similar and not different by meta‐analysis. Among women vs. men, risks (33.7% vs. 25.5%) and incidence (4.50 vs. 3.21%/year) were greater (also supported by meta‐analysis: RR = 1.35 CI: 1.25–1.45, P < 0.0001). Neither measure was related to reporting year, % women/study, or to onset or current age. Risks were greater with longer exposure, whereas incidence rates decreased with longer time at risk, possibly through ‘dilution’ by longer exposure.
Conclusion
This systematic update of international experience underscores high risks of suicide attempts among patients with BD (BD‐I = BD‐II; women > men). Future studies should routinely include exposure times and incidence rates by diagnostic type and sex for those who attempt suicide or not.
Among the myths that are often cited about suicide is that 'people who talk about killing themselves rarely die by suicide', but the evidence seems to contradict this statement. The aim of this study ...was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies reporting a prevalence of suicide communication (SC), and to examine the diagnostic accuracy of SC towards suicide in case-control reports.
Eligible studies had to examine data relative to completed suicides and report the prevalence of SC. Data relative to sample characteristics, study definition, modality and recipient of the SC were coded.
We included 36 studies, conducted on a total of 14 601 completed suicides. The overall proportion of SC was 44.5% 95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4-53.8, with large heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.8%) and significant publication bias. The prevalence of SC was negatively associated with the detection of verbal communication as the sole means of SC and, positively, with study methodological quality. Based on seven case-control studies, SC was associated with an odds ratio of 4.66 for suicide (95% CI 3.00-7.25) and was characterized by sufficient diagnostic accuracy only if studies on adolescents were removed.
Available data suggest that SC occurs in nearly half of subjects who go on to die by suicide, but this figure is likely to be an underestimate given the operational definitions of SC. At present, SC seems associated with overall insufficient accuracy towards subsequent suicide, although further rigorous studies are warranted to draw definite conclusions on this issue.
In view of the contemporary scenario and importance of alternative liquid dielectrics, IEEE DEIS Technical Committee on Liquid Dielectrics laid emphasis on pre-breakdown phenomena of ester dielectric ...fluids. The present article reports the background knowledge on the breakdown theories and behavior of streamers in insulating oils. The major influencing properties of the streamers aroused in liquid insulating systems are discussed keeping in view of the ester based dielectric fluids. Importantly, modelling of streamers, testing approaches, and review of pre-breakdown phenomena in ester dielectric fluids has been presented.
Introduction
Suicide in adolescents represents a major public health concern. To date, a growing number of suicide preventive strategies based on the use of new technologies are emerging.
Objectives
...The purpose of the present paper is to provide an overview of the present literature on the use of new technologies in adolescent suicide prevention.
Methods
A systematic electronic search was run using the following keywords: Technology OR Technologies OR APP OR Application OR mobile application) AND (Adolescent OR youth OR puberty) AND (Suicid* OR Self-harm OR self-destruction).
Results
We found 12 studies on the use of telemedicine, 7 on mobile applications, and 3 on language detection. Heterogeneity regarding the study design was found: 3 Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), 13 are Open-label single group trials, 2 Randomized studies, and 1 Cross-sectional study. Telemedicine was the most adopted tool, especially web-based approaches. Mobile applications mostly focused on screening of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and for clinical monitoring through the use of text messages.
Conclusions
Despite telepsychiatry and mobile applications can provide a fast and safe tool, only a few studies demonstrated efficacy in preventing suicide among adolescents through the use of these interventions. Some studies suggested sophisticated algorithms able to recognize people at risk for suicide from language detection on social media posts. To date, only a few data support the use of such interventions in clinical practice and preventive strategies. Further studies are needed to test their efficacy in suicide prevention among adolescents and young adults.
Study Objectives The aim of this paper was to review literature concerning the relationship between suicide and substance abuse behaviours among adolescents, focusing on epidemiology, comorbidity and ...prevention programs. Materials and Methods we performed a Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, PsycLit, and PsycInfo search to identify to identify all papers and book chapters during the period between 1980 and 2013. Results Adolescents with substance abuse disorder who attempt or complete suicide can be characterized as having mood disorders, stressful life events, interpersonal problems, poor social support, lonely lives, and feelings of hopelessness. The research supports the existence of a strong relationship between suicide and substance abuse. Conclusions Preventive programs should be based on risk factors associated with both suicide and substance abuse disorder. Management programs should combine different therapeutic strategies such as peer-to-peer education, school-based programs, psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that targeted suicide prevention programs can be delivered which reduce the burden associated with substance abuse and suicide in youths.
Study objectives To investigate factors differentiating old-old elderly who died by suicide (those aged 75 years and older) from middle aged (those aged 50-64 years old) and young-old adults who took ...their own lives (aged 65 years to 74 years), and from living psychiatric outpatients 75 years and older who had no suicidal behaviors in the last six months before assessment. Methods Cases for psychological autopsy interviews were 117 old-old elderly who died by suicide between 1994 and 2009. Comparisons were 97 youngold adult and 98 middle aged suicides, and 117 psychiatric outpatients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Parma (Italy), between 1994 and 2009. Information for suicide decedents was gathered through proxy-based interviews, and data regarding living comparisons were extracted from medical records. Results A high number of old-old elderly were widowed and lived alone before death; widowhood was more prevalent in the old-old elderly than in the younger suicide groups and the living psychiatric comparisons. Also, old-old elderly were more frequently characterized by the presence of life stressors in the few months before deaths when compared with psychiatric living comparisons 75 years and older. Conclusions Clinicians involved in the prevention of suicide in the older adults should pay particular attention to loneliness and lack of social support, two conditions that may push the individual to feel hopeless, especially in those individuals who are facing stressful life events.
Partial Discharges (PD) detection in HV components has shown to be a very powerful diagnostic tool. Anyway, also the acquisition of the same signals in simple insulations, like the dielectric ...liquids, may give additional information for maintenance of HV components in which they are employed, as in the case of liquid insulated transformers. Among the standardized electrical tests suggested for the insulating liquids, the breakdown voltage (IEC 60156) and partial discharges determination (IEC 61294TR) at power frequency are not basic material properties but test procedures intended to indicate the presence of contaminants such as water and solid suspended matter and the advisability of carrying out drying and filtration treatment. Nevertheless, the PD detection method for insulating liquids actually standardized is based on superseded circuitry and is only addressed to measure the PD Inception Voltages (PDIV). The present paper shows the state of art in PD measurements in dielectric liquids to be taken into account when revising the actual IEC 61294TR or preparing new international Standards (ASTM).
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