The paper reports on the clinical observation of a patient with mechanical jaundice in which the biliary obstruction was caused by an ampulla of Vater. Cephalic duodenopancreatectomy with ...preservation of the pylorus was used. Distally the duodenum was excised to its intersection with the mesenteric vessels. For recovery of the digestive circuits, a loop excluded "en Y" à la Roux ascending transmesocolically was used. The anastomoses had the following stages: choledochojejunostomy (T-T) the most proximal; pancreatic-jejunal anastomosis (T-L); and the most distal, the duodeno-jejunal one (T-L). After surgery, the evolution was good, and the patient left the hospital with the wound cured. Starting from this observation, the authors discuss aspects connected with the technique of cephalic duodenopancreatectomy with or without preservation of the pylorus.
We present the CMB anisotropy induced by the non-linear perturbations in the
massive neutrino density associated to the non-linear gravitational clustering.
We show that the non-linear time varying ...potential induced by the gravitational
clustering process generates metric perturbations that affect the time
evolution of the density fluctuations in all the components of the expanding
Universe, leaving imprints on the CMB anisotropy power spectrum at subdegree
angular scales. For a neutrino fraction in agreement with that indicated by the
astroparticle and nuclear physics experiments and a cosmological accreting mass
comparable with the mass of known clusters, we find that CMB anisotropy
measurements with {\sc Planck} angular resolution and sensitivity possibly
combined to other precise cosmological observations will allow the detection of
the dynamical, linear and non-linear effects of the neutrino gravitational
clustering.
New Astron.9:189-203,2004 We present constraints on the cosmological and reionization parameters based
on the cumulative mass function of the Ly-alpha systems.
We find that the analysis of the ...cumulative mass function of the Ly-alpha
systems indicates a reionization redshift z_r=24.2\+-4 (68%CL) in agreement
with the value found on the basis of the WMAP anisotropy measurements, setting
constraints on the amplitude of the density contrast, sigma_8=0.91+-0.04
(68\CL), similar to those derived from the X-ray cluster temperature function.
Our joint analysis of Ly-alpha cumulative mass function and WMAP anisotropy
measurements shows that the possible current identification of a running of the
slope, dn_s/dlnk \ne 0, at k_p=0.05Mpc^-1 (multipole l of about 700) is mainly
an effect of the existing degeneracy in the amplitude-slope plane at this
scale, the result being consistent with the absence of running, the other
constraints based on WMAP data remaining substantially unchanged.
Finally, we evaluate the progress on the determination the considered
parameters achievable by using the final temperature anisotropy data from WMAP
and from the forthcoming Planck satellite that will significantly improve the
sensitivity and reliability of these results.
This work has been done in the framework of the Planck LFI activities.
Using \Planck\ data combined with the Meta Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC), we address the study of peculiar motions by searching for evidence of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich ...effect (kSZ). By implementing various filters designed to extract the kSZ generated at the positions of the clusters, we obtain consistent constraints on the radial peculiar velocity average, root mean square (rms), and local bulk flow amplitude at different depths. For the whole cluster sample of average redshift 0.18, the measured average radial peculiar velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation at that redshift, i.e., the kSZ monopole, amounts to \(72 \pm 60\) km s\(^{-1}\). This constitutes less than 1% of the relative Hubble velocity of the cluster sample with respect to our local CMB frame. While the linear \(\Lambda\)CDM prediction for the typical cluster radial velocity rms at \(z=0.15\) is close to 230km s\(^{-1}\), the upper limit imposed by \Planck\ data on the cluster subsample corresponds to 800 km s\(^{-1}\) at 95% confidence level, i.e., about three times higher. \Planck\ data also set strong constraints on the local bulk flow in volumes centred on the Local Group. There is no detection of bulk flow as measured in any comoving sphere extending to the maximum redshift covered by the cluster sample. A blind search for bulk flows in this sample has an upper limit of 254 km s\(^{-1}\) (95% confidence level) dominated by CMB confusion and instrumental noise, indicating that the Universe is largely homogeneous on Gpc scales. In this context, in conjunction with supernova observations, \Planck\ is able to rule out a large class of inhomogeneous void models as alternatives to dark energy or modified gravity. The \Planck\ constraints on peculiar velocities and bulk flows are thus consistent with the \(\Lambda\)CDM scenario.
We consider the effect of the violation of the equivalence principle (VEP) by
the massive neutrino component on the Cosmic Microwave Background angular power
specrum. We show that in the presence of ...adiabatic and isocurvature primordial
density perturbations the Planck surveyor can place limits on the maximal VEP
by the massive neutrino component at the level of 10^ -5, valid in the general
relativity, for the case in which the gravity is the single source of VEP. This
work has been performed within the framework of the {\sc Planck}/LFI
activities.
A medium/low voltage transformer from a distribution substation for urban transports operating in a highly distorting regime is analyzed. Regimes of idle running, running with non-linear load, ...respectively fault (short-circuit) are presented from the theoretical point of view. The results yielded by their operation simulation using MATLAB / SIMULINK are discussed. Aspects related to the measurement and harmonic analysis of voltages and currents are analyzed, along with experimental results related to the highly distorted regime influence over the primary and secondary windings. Losses in distribution transformers due to non-linear loads resulting into (no-) load losses due to increased skin effect, eddy current, stray and losses through hysteresis with negative effects over the lifespan of the transformers and total costs are discussed too. As the analysis revealed that the harmonic content and reactive power must be diminished, some solutions are suggested. A relative cheap solution (not necessarily the best) is passive filtering. A more efficient solution for the compensation of the distorting regime is the active filtering, this being efficiently adaptable to the analyzed system's operating regimes, resulting into power savings and transformer's operation at the rated parameters. Another good solution is the substitution of old transformers (particularly sensitive to non-linear loads) by more efficient transformers.
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