Euclid preparation Tereno, I.; Dupac, X.; Gómez-Álvarez, P. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
06/2022, Letnik:
662
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Euclid
is a mission of the European Space Agency that is designed to constrain the properties of dark energy and gravity via weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering. It will carry out a wide ...area imaging and spectroscopy survey (the
Euclid
Wide Survey: EWS) in visible and near-infrared bands, covering approximately 15 000 deg
2
of extragalactic sky in six years. The wide-field telescope and instruments are optimised for pristine point spread function and reduced stray light, producing very crisp images. This paper presents the building of the
Euclid
reference survey: the sequence of pointings of EWS, deep fields, and calibration fields, as well as spacecraft movements followed by
Euclid
as it operates in a step-and-stare mode from its orbit around the Lagrange point L2. Each EWS pointing has four dithered frames; we simulated the dither pattern at the pixel level to analyse the effective coverage. We used up-to-date models for the sky background to define the
Euclid
region-of-interest (RoI). The building of the reference survey is highly constrained from calibration cadences, spacecraft constraints, and background levels; synergies with ground-based coverage were also considered. Via purposely built software, we first generated a schedule for the calibrations and deep fields observations. On a second stage, the RoI was tiled and scheduled with EWS observations, using an algorithm optimised to prioritise the best sky areas, produce a compact coverage, and ensure thermal stability. The result is the optimised reference survey RSD_2021A, which fulfils all constraints and is a good proxy for the final solution. The current EWS covers ≈14 500 deg
2
. The limiting AB magnitudes (5
σ
point-like source) achieved in its footprint are estimated to be 26.2 (visible band
I
E
) and 24.5 (for near infrared bands
Y
E
,
J
E
,
H
E
); for spectroscopy, the H
α
line flux limit is 2 × 10
−16
erg
−1
cm
−2
s
−1
at 1600 nm; and for diffuse emission, the surface brightness limits are 29.8 (visible band) and 28.4 (near infrared bands) mag arcsec
−2
.
Euclid preparation Bodendorf, C.; Grupp, F.; Hormuth, F. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
06/2022, Letnik:
662
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Euclid
will be the first space mission to survey most of the extragalactic sky in the 0.95–2.02 µm range, to a 5
σ
point-source median depth of 24.4 AB mag. This unique photometric dataset will find ...wide use beyond
Euclid’s
core science. In this paper, we present accurate computations of the Euclid
Y
E
,
J
E
, and
H
E
passbands used by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP), and the associated photometric system. We pay particular attention to passband variations in the field of view, accounting for, among other factors, spatially variable filter transmission and variations in the angle of incidence on the filter substrate using optical ray tracing. The response curves’ cut-on and cut-off wavelengths – and their variation in the field of view – are determined with ~0.8 nm accuracy, essential for the photometric redshift accuracy required by
Euclid.
After computing the photometric zero points in the AB mag system, we present linear transformations from and to common ground-based near-infrared photometric systems, for normal stars, red and brown dwarfs, and galaxies separately. A
Python
tool to compute accurate magnitudes for arbitrary passbands and spectral energy distributions is provided. We discuss various factors, from space weathering to material outgassing, that may slowly alter
Euclid
’s spectral response. At the absolute flux scale, the
Euclid
in-flight calibration program connects the NISP photometric system to
Hubble
Space Telescope spectrophotometric white dwarf standards; at the relative flux scale, the chromatic evolution of the response is tracked at the milli-mag level. In this way, we establish an accurate photometric system that is fully controlled throughout
Euclid’s
lifetime.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and destructive granulomatous inflammatory bowel disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been presumed that different ...types of diet might improve gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. The aim of this review was to clarify the efficiency and indications of a low-"fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols" (FODMAP) diet (LFD) in CD and to further analyze the available data on other types of diets. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and WILEY databases were screened for relevant publications regarding the effect of FODMAP diets on CD. Our search identified 12 articles analyzing the effect of an LFD in CD, 5 articles analyzing the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MD), 2 articles analyzing the effect of a vegetarian diet (VD), and 2 articles analyzing the effect of a low-lactose diet (LLD). The majority of the studies included in this review show the significant efficiency of the LFD in CD patients. We found significant evidence demonstrating that the LFD has a favorable impact on gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. Notwithstanding the evidence, it remains to be established if an LFD is more efficient than other types of diets in the short term and especially in the long term.
Euclid preparation Tutusaus, I.; Jelic-Cizmek, G.; Sakr, Z. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
06/2022, Letnik:
662
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Aims.
We investigate the importance of lensing magnification for estimates of galaxy clustering and its cross-correlation with shear for the photometric sample of
Euclid
. Using updated ...specifications, we study the impact of lensing magnification on the constraints and the shift in the estimation of the best fitting cosmological parameters that we expect if this effect is neglected.
Methods.
We follow the prescriptions of the official
Euclid
Fisher matrix forecast for the photometric galaxy clustering analysis and the combination of photometric clustering and cosmic shear. The slope of the luminosity function (local count slope), which regulates the amplitude of the lensing magnification, and the galaxy bias have been estimated from the
Euclid
Flagship simulation.
Results.
We find that magnification significantly affects both the best-fit estimation of cosmological parameters and the constraints in the galaxy clustering analysis of the photometric sample. In particular, including magnification in the analysis reduces the 1
σ
errors on Ω
m, 0
,
w
0
,
w
a
at the level of 20–35%, depending on how well we will be able to independently measure the local count slope. In addition, we find that neglecting magnification in the clustering analysis leads to shifts of up to 1.6
σ
in the best-fit parameters. In the joint analysis of galaxy clustering, cosmic shear, and galaxy–galaxy lensing, magnification does not improve precision, but it leads to an up to 6
σ
bias if neglected. Therefore, for all models considered in this work, magnification has to be included in the analysis of galaxy clustering and its cross-correlation with the shear signal (3 × 2pt analysis) for an accurate parameter estimation.
After the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, people's lives will be different. It seems that in the next period, due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide, all objects, surfaces and spaces that people ...come in contact with must be disinfected frequently. At the same time, the atmosphere in closed spaces must be disinfected because the transmission of the virus through the air is made easier. It seems that an effective method of disinfection (viruses, bacteria, etc.) is the use of ozone generators. Ozone in the air over a certain dose affects the human respiratory system. It is known the role of anions on human health, especially given that the vast majority will spend time indoors. Staying in homes for long periods of time has negative effects on the humans body. The paper presents and analyze ozone, anions, and the their generators. It is presented a generator that can produce both ozone (measured with an electrochemical sensor) at a certain concentration for limited periods of time, as well as anions in high concentrations that have a beneficial effect on humans health. Air quality is measured (with an electrochemical sensor), and in conditions of low quality, the generator can provide higher concentrations of anions. The ozone and anions generator is controlled with microcontroller development board. The flowchart of the program used in the microcontroller is presented.
Background:
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is an important component of personalized medicine that has the potential to improve medicines’ effectiveness and safety. However, despite progress in technology ...and availability, PGx testing application into patient-care in Eastern Europe countries, has been slow.
Objectives:
Our aim was to describe knowledge and attitudes of Romanian pharmacists concerning PGx, and identify potential factors limiting PGx implementation.
Method:
An anonymous, web-based questionnaire was distributed to Romanian pharmacists registered in the National Pharmacists’ Association (NPA)
via
an official e-mail sent by NPA representatives.
Results:
A total of 1,058 pharmacists completed the questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 7.6%. Pharmacists were predominantly female (90.1%), younger than 49 years (87.5%) and mostly worked in community pharmacies (80.2%). Most pharmacists (64.8%) had a knowledge score between 30 and 49 points out of 60, and (75.4%) had attitude scores between 9 and 7 out of 10. Attitude and knowledge scores positively correlated.
Conclusion:
Despite performing fairly well on general questions regarding PGx, Romanian pharmacists may lack in-depth knowledge, which can affect their readiness to discuss PGx information with patients or other healthcare professionals. High pricing was considered an important impediment in PGx implementation.
Context.
In metric theories of gravity with photon number conservation, the luminosity and angular diameter distances are related via the Etherington relation, also known as the distance duality ...relation (DDR). A violation of this relation would rule out the standard cosmological paradigm and point to the presence of new physics.
Aims.
We quantify the ability of
Euclid
, in combination with contemporary surveys, to improve the current constraints on deviations from the DDR in the redshift range 0 <
z
< 1.6.
Methods.
We start with an analysis of the latest available data, improving previously reported constraints by a factor of 2.5. We then present a detailed analysis of simulated
Euclid
and external data products, using both standard parametric methods (relying on phenomenological descriptions of possible DDR violations) and a machine learning reconstruction using genetic algorithms.
Results.
We find that for parametric methods
Euclid
can (in combination with external probes) improve current constraints by approximately a factor of six, while for non-parametric methods
Euclid
can improve current constraints by a factor of three.
Conclusions.
Our results highlight the importance of surveys like
Euclid
in accurately testing the pillars of the current cosmological paradigm and constraining physics beyond the standard cosmological model.
Upcoming surveys will map the growth of large-scale structure with unprecented precision, improving our understanding of the dark sector of the Universe. Unfortunately, much of the cosmological ...information is encoded on small scales, where the clustering of dark matter and the effects of astrophysical feedback processes are not fully understood. This can bias the estimates of cosmological parameters, which we study here for a joint analysis of mock
Euclid
cosmic shear and
Planck
cosmic microwave background data. We use different implementations for the modelling of the signal on small scales and find that they result in significantly different predictions. Moreover, the different non-linear corrections lead to biased parameter estimates, especially when the analysis is extended into the highly non-linear regime, with the Hubble constant,
H
0
, and the clustering amplitude,
σ
8
, affected the most. Improvements in the modelling of non-linear scales will therefore be needed if we are to resolve the current tension with more and better data. For a given prescription for the non-linear power spectrum, using different corrections for baryon physics does not significantly impact the precision of
Euclid
, but neglecting these correction does lead to large biases in the cosmological parameters. In order to extract precise and unbiased constraints on cosmological parameters from
Euclid
cosmic shear data, it is therefore essential to improve the accuracy of the recipes that account for non-linear structure formation, as well as the modelling of the impact of astrophysical processes that redistribute the baryons.
Euclid preparation van Mierlo, S. E.; Caputi, K. I.; Atek, H. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
10/2022, Letnik:
666
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Context.
The
Euclid
mission is expected to discover thousands of
z
> 6 galaxies in three deep fields, which together will cover a ∼50 deg
2
area. However, the limited number of
Euclid
bands (four) ...and the low availability of ancillary data could make the identification of
z
> 6 galaxies challenging.
Aims.
In this work we assess the degree of contamination by intermediate-redshift galaxies (
z
= 1–5.8) expected for
z
> 6 galaxies within the Euclid Deep Survey.
Methods.
This study is based on ∼176 000 real galaxies at
z
= 1–8 in a ∼0.7 deg
2
area selected from the UltraVISTA ultra-deep survey and ∼96 000 mock galaxies with 25.3 ≤
H
< 27.0, which altogether cover the range of magnitudes to be probed in the Euclid Deep Survey. We simulate
Euclid
and ancillary photometry from fiducial 28-band photometry and fit spectral energy distributions to various combinations of these simulated data.
Results.
We demonstrate that identifying
z
> 6 galaxies with
Euclid
data alone will be very effective, with a
z
> 6 recovery of 91% (88%) for bright (faint) galaxies. For the UltraVISTA-like bright sample, the percentage of
z
= 1–5.8 contaminants amongst apparent
z
> 6 galaxies as observed with
Euclid
alone is 18%, which is reduced to 4% (13%) by including ultra-deep
Rubin
(
Spitzer
) photometry. Conversely, for the faint mock sample, the contamination fraction with
Euclid
alone is considerably higher at 39%, and minimised to 7% when including ultra-deep
Rubin
data. For UltraVISTA-like bright galaxies, we find that
Euclid
(
I
E
−
Y
E
) > 2.8 and (
Y
E
−
J
E
) < 1.4 colour criteria can separate contaminants from true
z
> 6 galaxies, although these are applicable to only 54% of the contaminants as many have unconstrained (
I
E
−
Y
E
) colours. In the best scenario, these cuts reduce the contamination fraction to 1% whilst preserving 81% of the fiducial
z
> 6 sample. For the faint mock sample, colour cuts are infeasible; we find instead that a 5
σ
detection threshold requirement in at least one of the
Euclid
near-infrared bands reduces the contamination fraction to 25%.
Technical installations can account for up to half of the building costs and it is crucial to have detailed projects for the assembly and maintenance of these systems. This means that workflow can be ...improved more efficiently and faster. With the help of the installation engineer, the beneficiary can track and control the correct execution of the works. The installation engineer is the link between the beneficiary and the contractor or those who deliver the materials and equipment, people who generally follow works and additional sales. As regards the design of technical installations, the development of versatile low-response software interfaces becomes necessary and appropriate. The article is focused on the interface that has been developed as a software instrument to increase design process productivity and optimization of technical installations by reducing the required work time and the number of clicks made. Inside the application, the Revit design software was used and the number of clicks needed to access the element linking and node troubleshooting of the technical installations was reduced. Two new functionalities have been created within the software application: "connect and copy" and "connect and rotate".
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